2022-2023学年河北省唐山市高一上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）.docx

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1、唐山市20222023学年度高一年级第一学期学业水平调研考试英语注意事项:L答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题;每小题L 5分，满分7. 5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

2、Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a pet shop.B. In a hotel.C. In a garden.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M: Good morning, how can I help you?W: Hi, Fd like to get a pet. I live in a big house with a garden. What is suitable?2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What is the man eating now?A. Bread.B. Cakes.C. Biscu

3、its.【答案】C【解析】原文M: Wow, Ive never tasted such delicious biscuits! How did you make them?W: I just followed the steps on the video. Help yourself to some more, please. I can also make you bread and cakes if you want to have some.3 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What will the man do?A. See a doctor.B. Visit a pati

4、ent.C. Save Uncle Peter.【答案】BPeople lie for different reasons. Sometimes they do it to make themselves look better. Sometimes they lie to get out of trouble. Some lies are well-intended, which scientists call “prosocial lies Maybe you tell your parents that you loved the sweater they gave you for yo

5、ur birthday （even though you were really hoping for a new cell phone）. Thats a prosocial lie.When you tell the truth, your brain doesnt have to do anything unusual. Lying takes much more work. For example, when you are late for class, you tell a lie that you have to stop by the library and pick up a

6、 book. Your teacher may ask to see the book or even ask you to read it This may result in a series （系歹U） of lies, causing a lot of brain work done in the prefrontal cortex （前额皮层）.Its the part in charge of working memory. Working memory keeps something in mind just for a little while. When you use se

7、lf-control to keep from telling the truth, this part comes into play.Spending so much brainpower trying to keep a story straight means prefrontal cortex has a harder time doing other tasks that require planning, self-control or working memory, such as planning a study schedule. Kids prefrontal corte

8、x is not fully developed until around age 25. So they have fewer resources （资源）there to begin with. That is why researchers feel ifs important that kid students find dependable people to whom they can safely tell even painful truths about themselves.“Nearly all cultures value honesty,Talwar says. An

9、d, she adds, There are things people can do to help create a culture that strengthens the value of honesty. Rather than punishing people for lying, it is more important to praise them fbr telling the truth.”27. What does the first paragraph intend to tell us?A. Lying steals brainpower.B. Harmless li

10、es are welcome.C. Trust is nowhere to be seen.D. Many lies are well intended.28. What do we learn about prosocial lies?A. They bring tellers a lot of fun.B. They get tellers out of trouble.C. They make receivers feel good.D. They lead receivers to a deep thinking.29. Why should kids tell truths to d

11、ependable people according to researchers?A. To make them feel safe.B. To improve their control.C To guide their study schedule.D. To free up their working memory.30. What does Talwar suggest to strengthen the value of honesty?A. Making people suffer from telling lies.B. Giving people praise for bei

12、ng honest.C. Helping people to lead a creative life.D. Asking people to learn different cultures.【答案】27.A28. C 29. D 30. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无论是什么样的谎言，都需要大量的脑力来掩盖谎言，人们 可以称赞诚实，来帮助创造一种加强诚实价值的文化。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第段 “But no matter what kind of lie you tell, it takes a great deal of brainpower to keep

13、 your lie covered4但无论你说什么样的谎言，都需要大量的脑力来掩盖你的谎言）”可知，无论什么样的谎言，说 谎都会窃取脑力。故选A项。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段 “ Maybe you tell your parents that you loved the sweater they gave you for your birthday （even though you were really hoping for a new cell phone）. Thats a prosocial lie.（也许你告诉你 父母，你喜欢 他们送给你的生日毛衣（尽管你真的很希望有一部

14、新手机）。这是亲社会的谎言）”可推知，亲社会谎言可以 让听到的人不会感觉失望，而是感觉良好。故选C项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段 “ Spending so much brainpower trying to keep a story straight means prefrontal cortex has a harder time doing other tasks that require planning, self-control or working memory, such as planning a study schedule. Kids prefrontal co

15、rtex is not fully developed until around age 25. So they have fewer resources there to begin with. That is why researchers feel its important that kid students find dependable people to whom they can safely tell even painful truths about themselves.（花费如此多的脑力来保持故事的连贯性意味着前额皮层更难完 成其他需要计划、自我控制或工作记忆的任务，例

16、如计划学习日程。孩子的前额皮层直到25岁左右才完全 发育。因此，他们一开始拥有更少的资源。这就是为什么研究人员觉得重要的是，孩子们要找到可靠的人, 他们可以安全地告诉对方关于自己的甚至是痛苦的真相）”可知，说谎会使得前额皮层完成的工作记忆的任 务量加重，而孩子的前额皮层到25岁左右才完全发育。由此推知，孩子们向可靠的人说出真相可以释放工 作记忆，减少任务量。故选D项。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段 “There are things people can do to help create a culture that strengthens the value of honesty.

17、Rather than punishing people for lying, it is more important to praise them for telling the truth.（人们可以做 一些事情来帮助创造一种加强诚实价值的文化。比起因说谎而惩罚人们人，更重要的是因他们说实话而赞 扬他们）”可知，塔瓦尔建议让人们称赞诚实，以此加强诚实的价值。故选B项。第二节（共5小题;每小题3分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Math attitude affects math achievement, a new stu

18、dy finds. It suggests that developing a positive, can-do attitude about math can help students master the subject.The researchers surveyed the students on math and then compared their reported feelings about math to their grades. 31 How kids feel about the subject in one year is related to their mat

19、h grades the next. Those who have gotten poor grades feel badly about math. And those who have dark emotions do poorly.32 But the cycle doesnt have to be negative。肖极）.While dark feelings, such as fear and anger, may be related to poor grades, that relation between feelings and grades works the other

20、 way, too. Good feelings about math - taking pride in math achievement and enjoying math class - also contribute to better grades.Its an excellent study fbr teaching and learning. Teaching math isnt just about numbers and mathematical rules.33 Do they take steps to them with curiosity or fear? Teach

21、ers can help by teaching mathematical rules clearly, of course. But they also can help by grading students based on how much they improve over time, which gives students a sense of achievement.34 This means more than just doing their homework. Instead of imagining that upsetting result will continue

22、, students can look at why they arent succeeding. Maybe they didnt study enough. Maybe they need a new study strategy. 35A. Students need to do their part, too.B. They drop math as soon as they can.C. How students feel about them is also very important.D. So poor math grades result in bad feelings a

23、bout math.E. Emotions have a real influence on students grades over time.F. The survey shows those feelings are connected with their math grades.G. Whatever the cause, they can take some steps to control how they learn math.【答案】31.F32. E 33. C 34. A 35. G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数学态度会影响数学成绩，培养积极的、能做的

24、数学态度可 以帮助学生掌握这门学科。【31题详解】上文 “The researchers surveyed the students on math and then compared their reported feelings about math to their grades.（研究人员关于数学对学生进行了调查，然后将他们对数学的感受与成绩进行了比较）”说明研究人员 关于数学对学生进行了调查，F项中survey是关键词，F项”调查显示，这些感觉与他们的数学成绩有关J 说明调查的结果，承接上文，符合题意。故选F。【32题详解】下文 “Good feelings about math -

25、 taking pride in math achievement and enjoying math class 一 also contribute to better grades.（对数学的良好感受，为数学成绩感到自豪和享受数学课，也有助于提高成绩）”说明对数学的 感受会影响数学成绩，E项“随着时间的推移，情绪会对学生的成绩产生真正的影响。”说明对数学的情绪 会真正影响学生的成绩，引出下文，符合题意。故选E。【33题详解】上文 u Teaching math isnt just about numbers and mathematical rules.（教数学不仅仅是关于数字和数学规则）

26、” 说明教数学不仅仅是关于数学知识，以及下文“Do they take steps to them with curiosity or feai?（他们是怀着 好奇还是恐惧走向他们？）”说明教数学也需要考虑学生们对数学的感受，C项“学生对它们的感觉也很重 要。”承上启下，符合题意。故选C。【34题详解】下文“This means more than just doing their homework.（这不仅仅意味着做他们的家庭作业）”说明学习数学时， 学生不仅仅需要做家庭作业，A项“学生也需要尽自己的一份力量J说明学生也要做出努力，引出下文， 符合题意。故选A。【35题详解】上文 “Mayb

27、e they didnt study enough. Maybe they need a new study strategy.（也许他们学习得不够。也许他们 需要一个新的学习策略）”说明学生没有成功的原因，G项“无论是什么原因，他们都可以采取一些措施来 控制自己学习数学的方式J说明无论原因是什么，学生都可以采取措施，承接上文，符合题意。故选G。 第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。36Whenever I arrive home late from work, my

28、dog Poppins saves her dinner. She always waits for meI sit down for mine.For someone who recovered from a（n） 37 disorder （紊舌L）, the importance of my caring dogs38 surprised me. In the years of treatment, my family and friends were very 39. but nothing quitetouched me like the 40 of my dog.My eating

29、disorder started when I was in university. Then I was an early bird, sporty and 41 to outdoors. But a few comments about weight proved （证明是）enough for me to begin 42my looks. Istopped eating enough. I forced myself to exercise and lost sight of why I loved to move. All that 43 was that I ticked （勾）o

30、ff the boxes in the checklist.When Poppins came to live with me, my life took a turn. Td 44 wake early. But on the road I had sped through, we walked slowly in 45. We enjoyed streetcars, Don Valley, Humber River and many animals.I 46 for many years working out how to live an active life. Poppins fee

31、ls like the missing 47.This sweet dog has 48 me to the life Ive dreamed about one still filled with exploration and49 but not driven by force to move. I know that the life I used to only 50 has come now. I feel content and able to contribute to society in a meaningful way.36. A. ifB. untilC. althoug

32、hD. because37. A. breathingB. nervousC. eatingD. emotional38. A. dietB. lookC. revivalD. habit39. A. supportiveB. wealthyC. gracefulD. honest40. A. imageB. survivalC. companyD. growth41. A. forcedB. attractedC. limitedD. shown42. A. questioningB. describingC. forgettingD. appreciating43. A. returned

33、B. failedC. fittedD. mattered44. A. everB. stillC. neverD. even45. A. fearB. shameC. excitementD. surprise46. A. struggledB. waitedC. traveledD. trained47. A. dogB. loveC. keyD. wealth48. A. ledB. followedC. cheatedD. hurried49. A. threatB. failureC. gloryD. adventure50. A. adapt toB. dream aboutC.

34、show offD. go through【答案】36.B37. C 38. D 39. A 40. C 41. B 42. A 43. D 44. B 45. C 46.A 47. C 48. A 49. D 50. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了从饮食失调中恢复的作者在爱犬Poppins的陪伴下，过上了梦 想中积极的生活。【36题详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：她总是等着我，直到我坐下吃我的晚饭。A. if如果；B. until直到；C. although 尽管；D. because 因为。根据上文 Whenever I arrive home late from wo

35、rk, my dog Poppins saves her dinne匚 可知，此处表示作者的狗总是等着作者，直到作者坐下吃饭。故选B项。【37题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于一个从饮食失调中康复的人来说，我的爱犬习惯的重要性使我惊讶。A. breathing 呼吸的；B. nervous 紧张的;C. eating 饮食的；D. emotional 感情的。根据下文“My eating disorder started when I was in university.”可知，此处表示作者从饮食失调中康复。故选C项。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于一个从饮食失调中康复的人来说，

36、我的爱犬习惯的重要性使我惊讶。A. diet 饮食；B. look 看；C. revival 复兴;D. habit 习惯。根据上文“She always waits for me 1 I sit down for mine.”可知，此处表示作者的狗的习惯。故选D项。【39题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在治疗的这些年里，我的家人和朋友都非常支持我，但没有什么像我的狗的 陪伴一样打动我。A. supportive支持的；B.wealthy富有的；C.graceful优雅的；D. honest诚实的。根据下文 ubut nothing quite touched me like the 5 o

37、f my dog.”以及常识可知，作者接受治疗时，家人和朋友是支持的。故选A项。【40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在治疗的这些年里，我的家人和朋友都非常支持我，但没有什么像我的狗的陪 伴一样打动我。A. image 图像；B. survival 存活；C. company 陪伴；D. growth 发育。根据上文“She always waits for me 1 I sit down for mine.”可知，此处表示狗的陪伴打动作者。故选C项。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那时我是一只早起的鸟，喜欢运动，被户外活动吸引。A. forced强迫；B. attracted 吸引；C

38、.limited限制；D.shown展示。根据上文“Then I was an early bird, sporty and”以及语境可知，此处 表示作者喜欢早起，喜欢运动，并被户外活动吸引。故选B项。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:但关于体重的一些评论足以让我开始质疑自己的相貌。A. questioning质疑；B. describing 描述；C. forgetting 忘记；D. appreciating 欣赏。根据下文 “I stopped eating enough. I forced myself to exercise and lost sight of why I lov

39、ed to move. 可知，关于体重的评论使得作者质疑自己的相貌，作者开始少 吃了。故选A项。【43题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：重要的只是，我在清单上的方框里打了勾。A. returned返回；B. failed失败；C. fitted 安装；D. mattered 重要。根据上文 “I forced myself to exercise and lost sight of why I loved to move.以及下 文was that I ticked (J) off the boxes in the checklist.,可知，作者看不到自己为什么喜欢运动，重要的只是 在运动清单

40、上打勾，完成了清单上的运动。故选D项。【44题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我仍然会早起。A. ever曾经；B.still仍然；C. never从不；D.even即使。根据 上文“Then I was an early bird,可知，此处表示作者仍然会早起。故选B项。【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在之前我飞驰而过的路上，我们兴奋地慢慢走着。A. fear恐惧；B. shame羞愧;C. excitement 兴奋；D. surprise 惊喜。根据下文 “We enjoyed streetcars, Don Valley, Humber River and many animal

41、s.可知，作者和自己的狗慢慢走着时，可以享受风景，是兴奋的，in excitement表示“兴奋地”。故 选C项。【46题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，我一直在努力研究如何过积极的生活。A. struggled努力；B. waited等 待；C. traveled 旅行;D. trained 训练。根据下文 “for many years working out how to live an active life.” 以及 This sweet dog has 13 me to the life Tve dreamed about可知，此处表示之前作者一直在努力研 究如何过积极的生活

42、。故选A项。【47题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:Poppins感觉就像是缺少的关键。A.dog狗；B.love爱；C. key关键；D. wealth 财富。根据下文This sweet dog has 13 me to the life Fve dreamed about 一 one still filled with exploration and 14 but not driven by force to move.” 可知，有了 Poppins 之后，作者过上了梦想中 的生活，所以此处表示Poppins就像是缺少的关键。故选C项。【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这只可爱的狗把我

43、带到了我梦想的生活中，生活仍然充满了探索和冒险，但没 有被强迫前行。A. led带领；B. followed跟随；C.cheated欺骗；D. hurried匆忙。根据下文“me to the life Ive dreamed about”可知，狗带领作者到了梦想的生活中。故选A项。【49题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这只可爱的狗把我带到了我梦想的生活中，生活仍然充满了探索和冒险，但没 有被强迫前行。A. threat 威胁；B. failure 失败；C. glory 荣耀；D. adventure 冒险。根据上文 “Then I was an earlybird, sporty and

44、6 to outdoors.v以及 uone still filled with exploration and,可知，此处表示作者梦 想的生活中仍然充满了探索和冒险。故选D项。【50题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我知道我过去只梦想的生活现在已经到来了。A.adaptto适应；B. dream about 梦想；C. show off 炫耀；D. go through 经历。根据上文 “I 11 for many years working out how to live an active life. ” 以及 “This sweet dog has 13 me to the life F

45、ve dreamed about可知，此处表示作 者过去只能梦想的生活现在到来了。故选B项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The Chinese writing system is one of the main reasons why Chinese civilization has survived into modern times.At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It 51 (date) back to sev

46、eral thousand years ago when symbols were carved on animal bones and 52 (shell) by ancient Chinese people. By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. Later, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time 53 people were divided geographically, leading

47、 54 many varieties of dialects and characters. 55、this changed under Emperor Qinshihuang. During the Qin Dynasty,the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction, and it was extremely important in 56 (unite) the Chinese people and culture. Even today, wherever Chinese people live or what

48、ever dialects they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.Written Chinese has also become a 57 (particular) important means by which Chinas present is connected with its past, making it possible for people in modern times 58 (read) the ancient Chinese classic works. Chinese calligraphy, 59 art form of Chinese characters, has become an important part of Chinese culture. In recent years, more and m