2022-2023学年山东省济宁市兖州区高二上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）.docx

《2022-2023学年山东省济宁市兖州区高二上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022-2023学年山东省济宁市兖州区高二上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）.docx（26页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、2022-2023学年第一学期期中质量检测高二英语试题本试卷分第I卷和第n卷两部分，共12页。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。考试结束后， 将第II卷答题卷和答题卡一并交回。注意事项：1 .答题前，考生务必用05毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号、县区和科类填写在 答题卡和第II卷答题卷规定的位置上。2 .第I卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动，用橡 皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。3 .第H卷答题卷必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卷各题目指定区域内相应 的位置，不能写在试卷上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不能使

2、用涂改 液、胶带纸、修正带。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。第I卷（共100分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5个小题;每小题L5分，满分75分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一 小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Relatives.B. Classmates.C. Colleagues.【答案】B【解析

3、】【原文】W: Im going to have a cup of tea after this lesson. Its tiring sitting all day listening to the teacher. How about you?M: Im going to the post office to send a letter to my sister overseas.2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. The biology course.B. Their study partn

4、ers.a lecture to students from an orbit more than 300 km above the Earths surface.（更值得注意的是,她在距地球表 面300多公里的轨道上为学生们授课后，获得了中国首位太空教师的称号）”可知，她是中国第一位在太空 给学生上课的老师。故选C项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容“Wang did not lose heart bu（ pushed forward even harder.（王没有灰心，反 而更加努力地向前冲）”可知，在首次失败后，她没有灰心，在训练上更加刻苦努力。故选D项。【26题详解】o

5、推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容 u However, she did not pass her final tests. Wang did not lose heart but pushed forward even harder.（然而，她没有通过最后的考试。王没有灰心，反而更加努力地向前冲）”可知，在首次 失败后，她没有灰心，由止匕可推知，她是一个意志坚定的人；后文“She always ran three laps more than others in physical courses; she volunteered to be held to the same standards

6、as her male partners during desert sun ival training, and she asked lo train in （he pressure chamber for an extra 30 minutes each lime.（在体能课上，她总是比 别人多跑三圈；在沙漠生存训练中，她自愿接受与男性同伴相同的标准，并要求每次额外在压力舱中训练 30分钟）”可知，在训练方面她很努力。故选D项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容刘慈欣对于王亚平在太空授课的评价“ Liu Cixin, Chinas famous sci-fi writer and

7、 Hugo Award winner, said Wangs lesson was like a brush, which painted a space world fbr children that is different from Earth.（中国著名科幻作家、雨果奖得主刘慈欣说，王亚平的课就像一支“画笔”，为孩子们描 绘了一个不同于地球的太空世界）”可知，她将王亚平的课比喻为了画笔，使用了明喻的修辞手法。故选A 项。CGreenhouse gas emissions would rise if all farms in England and Wales went organic.

8、 Though the emissions of each farm would go down, much more （bod would have to be imported, as the amount they would produce would decrease greatly.“The key message from my perspective is that you cant really have your cake and eat it J says Laurence Smith, now at the Royal Agricultural University i

9、n the UK, who was part of the team that ran the numbers. Smith is a supporter of organic fanning and says “there arc a lot of merits of the organic approach，but his analysis shows that organic farming has downsides too.Farming and changes in land use, such as cutting down forests, are responsible fb

10、r a third of all greenhouse gas emissions. That means reducing farming emissions and the land needed for farming is required to limit further global warming.Smith and his colleagues found that emissions per unit of food arc, on average, 20 per cent lower for organic crops and 4 per cent lower for or

11、ganic animal products. However, organic harvests per hectare （公 I：页）are also lower on average. For wheat and barley, for instance, harvests are just half of those of conventional farms. This means 1.5 times as much land would be needed to grow the same amount of these foods.The estimated increase in

12、 emissions varies greatly, depending on where the extra farmland comes from. If only half conies from turning grassland into farms, the increase could be as low as 20 per cent. If grassland that would otherwise have been reforested is turned into farmland, emissions could nearly double.This doesnt n

13、ecessarily mean people should stop eating organic produce, says Smith. People might choose organic food for other reasons, such as to reduce their pesticide exposure （though contrarypopular belief, organic farmers do use pesticides） or fbr the sake of wildlife.Going 100 per cent organic could also h

14、arm global biodiversity. The extra land used for farming would mean the land available for wildlife would be smaller and more fragmented （碎片化的）.Smith says the best option may be to use some organic and conventional fanning methods at the same time. 28. Why may greenhouse gas emissions increase if a

15、country goes organic?A. Organic fanns take longer to build.B. The agricultural output will increase greatly.C. The emissions of each farm unit will increase.D. Greater demand fbr imported food will be created.29. What docs the underlined word “merits“ in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Changes.B. Chall

16、enges.C. Advantages.D. Differences.30. What did Smith and his colleagues find?A. Organic harvests per unit are greater than traditional harvests.B. Organic farming needs more farmland to feed a country.C. Global warming could be brought under control.D. Land was not used in a responsible way.31. Wha

17、t is Smiths proposal?A. Stopping using pesticides.B. Eating less organic produce.C. Going back to traditional farming.D. Adopting mixed farming methods.【答案】28. D 29. C 30. B 31. D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述有机农业及其优缺点。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Greenhouse gas emissions would rise if all farms in England and Wales

18、went organic. Though the emissions of each farm would go down, much more food would have to be imported, as the amount they would produce would decrease greally.（如果英格兰和威尔士 所有农场都采用有机农业，温室气体排放量将 会增加。虽然每个农场的排放量都会下降，但必须进口更多的粮食，因为它们的产量将大大减少。）”可知， 农场变得有机化，温室气体排放量就会增加，这样会导致食物进口的需求大幅增加，故选D。【29题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二

19、段“but his analysis shows that organic farming has downsides too.（但是他的分析表明有 机农业也有缺点。）”可知，but表示转折，前后两句意义相反。此句表示有机农业有缺点，故推知前句表示 有机农业又优点。故merits的意思是“优点”，与Advantages意义一致，故选C。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段 “ However, organic harvests per hectare （公顷）are also lower on average. For wheat and barley, for instance, harve

20、sts are just half of those of conventional farms. This means 1.5 times as much land would be needed to grow the same amount of these foods.（然而，平均每公顷的有机收成也较低。例如，对于小麦和大麦， 收成仅为传统农场的一半。这意味着种植相同数量的这些有机食物需要1.5倍的土地。）”可知，史密斯和 同事们发现：相比传统农业，有机农业需要更多的农田和土地来养活个国家，故选B。31题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段 uSmith says the best opti

21、on may be to use some organic and conventional farming methods at the same time.（史密斯说最好的选择可能是同时使用一些有机和传统的耕作方法。）”可知，史密 斯的提议是：同时使用一些有机和传统的耕作方法一一混合耕作法，故选D。DScientists have found something strange has been happening among sensitive bird species in the Brazilian Amazon in recent years. Not only were the

22、birds declining in number, but their bodies were also shrinking in size. “We found that size was not only shrinking for those sensitive species-it was declining fbr everyone, usaid researcher Vitek Jirincc of Louisiana State University. Jirinccs findingsarc contained in a new study published in the

23、journal Science Advances last Friday.The study examined 77 species over a 40-year period, during which time the rainforest had become warmer. It found they were rapidly evolving perhaps because smaller birds remove heat more efficiently as they have more surface area in relation to volume. Brian Wee

24、ks of the University of Michigan explained it this way: You couldimagine lots of little ice cubes in a glass of water, as opposed to one big ice cube, and the little ice cubes melt faster because smaller things have larger surface arca-to-volume ratios(比)，so they exchange heat more quickly. Weeks di

25、dnt work on this particular study, but he did research the size of more than50 species of migratory (迁徙的)birds in North America a few years back. He too found that nearly all of them were shrinking decade by decade.The two studies strengthen the idea that birds all over the planet, migratory or not,

26、 may be changing shape due to a wanning climate. Weeks said these sorts of changes should concern all of us. UA1I around the world, people depend on natural systems. Complete natural systems provide more economic benefits to humanity than the entirety of the worlds GDP, so they matter to you whether

27、 or not you know it, Weeks said. Jirinec thought the timing of his papers publication could not be more fitting. The study came out on the same day as the conclusion of (he UN climate change conference in Glasgow. So (hose results really stressed the common consequences of ihe actions fbr the planet

28、. 32. What was a cause of the birds becoming smaller in size?A. The decrease of birds number.B. The sensitiveness of birds.C. A warming climate.D. The development of birds.33. How did Brian Weeks explain birds getting rid of heat?B. By analyzing the data.A. By example and comparison.C. By giving eno

29、ugh evidence.D. By observation and research.34. Which of (he following best describes the findings of the (wo studies?A. Dangerous.C. Demanding.35. Whats the purpose of the text?A. To introduce two studies.C. To praise the conference in Glasgow.【答案】32. C 33. A 34. B 35. DB. Concerning.D. Fantastic.B

30、. To explain a natural phenomenon.D. To make people focus on climate change.【解析】【分析】本文是篇说明文。科学家发现，因为全球气候变暖，鸟类不仅数量在减少，而且身体也在缩小。 文章介绍了科学家研究的过程以及呼吁我们应该重视这一现象。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The two studies strengthen the idea that birds all over the planet, migratory or not, may be changing shape due to a warmin

31、g climate.（这两项研究加强/这一想法，全球的鸟，不管它是否迁徙， 都因为全球变暖而在改变尺寸。）可知，鸟变小的原因是全球变暖，故选C。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Brian Weeks of the University of Michigan explained it this way: You could imagine lots of little ice cubes in a glass of water, as opposed to one big ice cube, and the litde ice cubes melt faster because sm

32、aller things have larger surface arca-to-volumc ratios（比），so they exchange heat more quickly. （ Brian Weeks用这种方式解释道：你可以想象，在一杯水里，有很多的冰块，还有一块较大的冰块。小冰块融化 得更快，因为小的东西表面积比例更大，因此他们会更快交换热量）”可知，Brian Weeks解释鸟摆脱热量 是通过举例和对比，故选A。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Weeks said these sorts of changes should conceni all of us. Al

33、l around the world, people depend on natural systems.（周刊说这些改变应该使我们所有人多担忧。因为全世界的人都依赖着自然 系统）”可知，这两个研究是“令人担忧的”，故选B。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 “Complete natural systems provide more economic benefits to humanity （han （he entirety of the worlds GDP, so they matter to you whether or not you know it,（完整的自然系统会给人

34、类带来更 多的经济效益） “So those results really stressed the common consequences of the actions for the planet.（所以， 研究结果强调了人类行为给地球带来的后果）”可知，文章主要是通过鸟类因为人类活动大小发生了改变， 从而劝说人类注意平时行为给气候变化带来的影响，故选D.第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分125分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Life consists of constant decision-making at pretty mu

35、ch every moment and you can make choices and plans for life. 36 When these unanticipated situations add up, its easy to become anxious and feel out of control. The principles below may help you handle these feelings.Rather than viewing your life as “oul of conlrol，it helps to take an “il is what it

36、is“ attitude fbr the time being.37 Instead, it just signifies letting go of needing control; letting go of a need to control everything can lead lo greater life satisfaction.Even if you may not control everything, you do still have control over some things. Work on changing the things you do have co

37、ntrol over, like going to the gym a bit more, eating fewer sweets or removing an unpleasant person from your life. 38Constantly wondering whether youre making the right choices will disturb you. In contrast, taking pride in what you create fbr your life is beneficial. If youve made bad decisions, le

38、arn from them and move forward. 39 Also, try to be appreciative of challenging situations because they push you to keep going and bring you to better times.40Whether it is with a loved one or a clinical psychologist who offers professional advice, dont hesitate to talk it out. They can help you deco

39、nstruct these feelings and sort them out accordingly.A. Learn lo value your own strengths.B. There are times when you lack motivation.C. This doesnt mean accepting poor treatment.D. Voicing what makes you stressed makes sense.E. Yet no one can ever be prepared for the unexpected.F. It helps establis

40、h a sense of control and optimism in your life.G. The mistakes may have facilitated personal growth and wisdom.【答案】36. E 37. C 38. F 39. G 40. D【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了当我们无法掌控生活时，要如何应对焦虑的情绪。【36题详解】根据上文 u Life consists of constant decision-making at pretty much every moment and you can make choices and

41、 plans for life.（生活几乎每时每刻都由不断的决策组成，你可以为生活做出选择和计划。）”可知，生活由不 断的决策组成，你可以为生活做出选择和计戈，E项意为“然而，没有人能够为意外做好准备选项内容 与上文构成转折关系，虽然我们可以为生活做出选择和计戈IJ，但没有人能够为意外做好准备。故选E。37题详解】根据上文 “ Rather than viewing your life as out of control”, it helps to take an it is what it isM attitude fbr the time being.（与其将你的生活视为“失控”，不如暂时

42、采取“就是这样”的态度。）”可知，当意外导致我们无法掌 控生活时，不如暂时采取“就是这样”的态度，C项意为“这并不意味着接受不好的待遇选项内容能够 承接上文，“就是这样”的态度并不意味着接受不好的待遇。故选C。【38题详解】根据 上文 u Even if you may not control everything, you do still have control over some things. Work on changing （he things you do have control over, like going to the gym a bit more, eating f

43、ewer sweets or removing an unpleasant person from your life.（即使你不能控制一切，你仍然可以控制一些事情。努力改变你可以控制的事情，比如 多去健身房，少吃甜食，或者把一个令人不愉快的人从你的生活中抹去。）”可知，上文告诉我们可以努力 改变自己可以控制的事情，F项意为“它有助于在你的生活中建立一种控制感和乐观主义选项内容能够 承接上文，我们可以努力改变自己可以控制的事情，例如多去健身房，少吃甜食等，这样做有助于在生活 中建立一种控制感和乐观主义。故选F。【39题详解】根据上文“If youve made bad decisions, l

44、earn from them and move fbrward.（如果你做了错误的决定，从中吸 取教训，继续前进。）”可知，上文告诉我们可以从错误的决定中吸取教训，然后继续前进，G项意为“这 些错误可能促进了个人的成长和智慧。”选项内容能够承接上文，讲述了错误的决定带来的好处，这些错误 可能促进了个人的成长和智慧。故选G。【40题详解】根据 卜文 u Whether it is with a loved one or a clinical psychologist who offers professional advice, dont hesitate to talk it out. The

45、y can help you deconstruct these feelings and sort them out accordingly.（无论是与心爱的人还是提 供专业建议的临床心理学家，都要亳不犹豫地说出你的感觉。他们可以帮助你解构这些感觉，并相应地进 行分类。）”可知，上文告诉我们，当我们感觉不好时，可以说给心爱的人或提供专业建议的临床心理学家 听，向其他人寻求帮助，D项意为“说出让你感到有压力的事是明智的。”选项内容能够引起下文，下文介 绍了向谁说出自己的压力和这样做的好处。故选D。第三部分英语知识运用（共2节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）阅读

46、下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四 个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。When I was a child, my father had to do three jobs for a family of seven. Every time I saw him come back late, looking 41.1 promised myself that someday I would show my thanks to my father for 42 he had done.Over the next twenty years, my fa

47、ther worked hard to support our big family and 43 a lot from a heart problem. One moming, my fathers old car 44 and he asked me to pick him up after his medical examination. He had 45 refused when I offered to replace his old car. He said that he did not wantsomething that he was unable to pay himse

48、lf.As he stepped out of the doctors office, he looked unusually serious. We drove 46 and he made me promise to keep （he medical report as a 47.1 did this with a heavy heart.A（ that time, I was 48 a new car. I asked my father to go wilh me to pick one out. 49 I started talking with the salesman, I noticed my father admiring a brown car. I finally chose a white car. My father took one final look at （he 50 car and seemed kind of sorry. Before leaving I heard him muttering （嘀咕）lo himself,uRcally like that car. Wish I could 51 it.”Several days later, I asked my fa