2022-2023学年甘肃省兰州市第五十一中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）.docx

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1、2023届高三考试试题英语试题注意事项：L本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第n卷（非选择题）两部分，共150分，考试时间120分钟。2 .答卷前，考生务必将自己的班级、姓名、准考证号、座号用0.5mm黑色签字笔和2B铅笔分 别涂写在答题卡上。3 .选择题每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;非选择题直接答在 答题卡相应区域，不能答在试卷上;试卷不交，请妥善保存，只交答题卡。第I卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂 到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分75分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一

2、个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一 小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is （he shirt?A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.答案是C。1. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a bookstore. B. In a library. C. In a copy shop.2. What does the man have to do?A. Queue up for the form.

3、 B. Call the woman. C. Wait for the doctor.3. What is the man doing?A. Raising money. B. Doing charity. C. Reading （he materials.4. How much is （he dress now?A. $15. B. $35. C. $50.5. What happened to Amys friend?A. She got injured in a car crash.B. She was hurt while skating.There are also the prob

4、lems of health and comfort.Space station astronauts exercise two hours every day (o fight the effects of weightlessness on (heir bodies. Leland Melvin, a former NASA astronaut, says their exercise clothing becomes so unpleasant that they use a new set every week, and that while NASA and the other sp

5、ace station partners have researched ways to lengthen wear time with special clothes, that is not a long-term solution.In its first experiment, P&G will send up detergent(洗涤剂)made just for space in December. Scientists will then see how the compounds in the detergent react to six months of weightles

6、sness. Next May, they will send stain-removal pens and cloths to the ISS fbr testing by astronauts. Al the same time, P&G is developing a washer-dryer machine Ihal could operate on ihe moon or even Mars. Il would use small amounts of water and detergent. Such a machine could also be useful in dry pl

7、aces here on Earth.12. What problem in space do NASA and P&G aim to solve?A. Lack of detergents.B. Lack of comforts.C. Lack of space.D. Lack of fund.13. What can be inferred from what Leland Melvin says?A. Exercise in space is physically demanding.B. Lengthening wear time of clothes in space is prac

8、tical.C. The cooperation between NASA and P&G is workable.D. New clothes are of benefit compared to used clothes.14. What will P&G do in the next year?A. Send detergent into space.B. Send stain-removal pens and cloths into space.C. Develop a washer-dryer machine using little water.D. Operate a machi

9、ne on the moon or even Mars.15. In which section of a website may this text appear?A. Science.B. Education.C. Culture.D. Politics.【答案】12.C13. C 14. B 15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。美国国家航空航天局与宝洁公司合作，研究如何在太空中最好地清洁宇航员 的衣服。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据笫三段中NASA is working with the U. S. company, Procter & Gamble (P&G), to learn

10、 how best to clean astronauts, clothes in space. They could use the clothes for months or even years, just like on Earth.（美国宇航局正在与美国宝洁公司合作，了解在太空清洁宇航员衣物的最好方法。以便制作出可以像在 地球上一样，能穿几个月甚至几年的衣服）”以及第四段中“NASA says rocket storage space is small and costly. So, why waste it on new clothes if they could keep the

11、ir old clothes looking and smelling fresh? An astronaut needs 68 kilograms of clothes in space per year. The clothes would use a lot of storage space, especially on a three-year Mars mission/美国国家航空航天局表示，火箭的存储空间小且昂贵。所以，如果他们以让旧衣 服看起来和闻起来都很新鲜，为什么要浪费在新衣服上呢？宇航员在太空中每年需要68公斤的衣服。这些 衣服会占用大量的存储空间，尤其是在为期三年的火星任

12、务中）”可推知，NASA和宝洁公司的目标是解决 太空中的空间不足问题。故选C项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中 MLeland Melvin, a former NASA astronaut, says their exercise clothing becomes so unpleasant that they use a new set every week, and that while NASA and the other space station partners have researched ways to lengthen wear time with speci

13、al clothes, that is not a long-term solution.（前美国宇航局宇航员 利兰梅尔文（Leland Melvin）说，他们的运动服变得非常不舒服，以至于他们每周都要换一套新的。虽 然美国宇航局和其他空间站合作伙伴已经研究了通过特殊服装来延长穿着时间的方法，但这不是一个长期 的解决方案）”可推知，宇航员对衣服的需求量还是比较高的，单单是延长衣服在太空中的穿着时间，并不 是一个长期的解决方案，所以NASA和宝洁的合作，能在太空中清洁宇航员的衣服是可行的。故选C项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Next May, they will send sta

14、in-removal pens and cloths to the ISS for testing by astronauts.（明年5月，他们将把污渍去除笔和布料送到国际空间站，供宇航员测试）”可知，宝洁公司明年 会把去除污渍的笔和布送入太空。故选B项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段Have you ever wondered how astronauts clean their clothes in space? You may find the answer surprisingthey do nol.（你有没有想过宇航员是如何在太空中清洁衣物的？答案可能令你感到惊 讶他们不需要洗

15、衣服）”可知，本文的主要讲述了宇航员的衣物清洁问题，目前不能洗衣服，然后后文 说美国国家航空航天局想要改变这一点，开始和宝洁公司合作，一起开发在太空中清洗衣物最好的方法， 可推知本文是在做科学普及，所以能在网站的科学部分出现这个文本。故选A项。第二节（共5小题海小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Being self-motivated means being ready for driven, focused discussion and behavior. It also means being sharp and sma

16、rt enough to be open to positive learning. 16. Luckily, you have every tool at your disposal to get started right now. Here we go!17. Ils simple to know what we dont want. Often ils harder to pinpoint what exactly would make ushappy and what exactly were striving fbr. However, to get anything done,

17、we have to start thinking with positive goals, not negative fears. Instead of I dont want to be poor,“ a better goal is Id like to save X amount of money each month. See how the latter is much, much more doable? And less scary!Track your progress. Whether youre losing weight, working overtime, or st

18、udying fbr college, track whatyoure doing! This will give you drive and show you the positive outcomes of your behavior. 18. Make sureto track your behaviors and their results. Not only do you need the results to look at and go, Gee! I am awesome! Look at what I did! youll need the results to see wh

19、at does and does not work fbr you.Keep good company. 19. We have that friend that desperately wants us to eat another piece ofcheesecake. That person is not good company. To get going on our path to success, everyone needs cheerleaders along the way! Tell your friends and family what youre trying to

20、 stay motivated with.Use rewards. This is a point to be considered carefully. The last thing you want to do is to associate everything with a Snickers bar. However, rewards can be powerful when used sparingly and efficiently. 2（）.A. Get positiveB. Focus on positive goalsC. It will give you purposeD.

21、 Being in this state of mind is the challengeE. Unfortunately, people can also be demotivatingE If you5 vc made progress, you have nothing to be ashamed ofG When youve completed something, be sure to do something you deserve【答案】16. D ）7. B 18. F 19. E 20. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些自我激励的方法。【16题详解】根据上

22、文 “Being self-motivated means being ready fordriven, focused discussion and behavior. It also means being sharp and smart enough to be open to positive learning.（自我激励意味着准备好进行有动力的、集中的讨论和行 动。这也意味着要足够敏锐和聪明，能够积极地学习）”以及后文“Luckily, you have every tool at your disposal to get started right now. Here wc go!

23、（幸运的是，你现在有各种工具可以使用。我们开始吧）”可知，后文提到 了幸运的是，有各种工具可以使用，可知本句继续说明自我激励的困难。故D选项“处于这种精神状态才 是挑战”符合语境，故选D。【17题详解】根据后文 Its simple to know what we dont want. Often its harder to pinpoint what exactly would make us happy and what exactly were striving for. However, to get anything done, we have to start thinking w

24、ith positive goals, not negative fears. Instead of I dont want to be poor,“ a better goal is Td like to save X amount of money each month.” See how （he latter is much, much more doable? And less scary!（知道我们不想要什么很简单。通常很难确定到底 什么会让我们快乐，我们到底在为什么而奋斗。然而，为了完成任何事情，我们必须开始以积极的目标来 思考，而不是消极的恐惧。而不是“我不想变穷”，一个更好的目

25、标是“我想每个月存X笔钱”。看到后一 种方法更可行了吗？而且不那么可怕！）”可知，本段的主旨是说明专注于积极的目标。故B选项“专注于 积极的目标”符合语境，故选B。【18题详解】根据上文“Track your progress. Whether youre losing weight, working overtime, or studying fbr college, track what youre doing! This will give you drive and show you the positive outcomes of your behavior.（记录你的进步。 不管

26、你是在减肥，加班，还是在上大学，记录下你在做什么！这会给你动力，让你看到你行为的枳极结果）”以 及后文 “ Make sure to track your behaviors and their results. Not only do you need the results to look at and go, Gee! I am awesome! Look at what I did! youll need the results to see what docs and docs not work fbr you.（一定要传艮踪 你的行为和结果。你不仅需要看到结果，然后说：“哇！我很棒

27、！看看我做了什么！你需要结果来看看什 么对你有用，什么对你没用）”可知，本段的主旨是记录进步，看到你行为的积极结果，故F选项“如果你 取得了进步，你就没有什么好羞愧的”符合语境，故选F。【19题详解】根据上文 “Keep good company.（交个好朋友）”以及后文 “We have that friend that desperately wants us to eat another piece of cheesecake. That person is not good company. To get going on our path to success, everyone n

28、eeds cheerleaders along the way! Tell your friends and family what youre trying to stay motivated with.（我们有个朋 友拼命地想让我们再吃一块芝士蛋糕。那个人不是好伙伴。在通往成功的道路上，每个人都需要一路的拉 拉队！告诉你的朋友和家人你在努力保持动力）”可知，后文提到了朋友拖后腿，阻止完成目标的情况。故 E选项“不幸的是，人们也会让人失去动力”符合语境，故选E。【20题详解】根据上文 “ Use rewards. This is a point to be considered carefu

29、lly. The last thing you want to do is to associate everything with a Snickers bar. However, rewards can be powerful when used sparingly and efficiently.（使用奖励。 这一点需要仔细考虑。你最不想做的就是把所有东西都和上力架联系起来。然而，如果适当而有效地使用 奖励，它将具有强大的威力）”可知，上文提到了奖励具有强大的威力，本句为本段最后一句，应说明其威 力是什么：它会给你FI标。故C选项“它会给你目标”符合语境，故选C。第三部分英语知识运用（共

30、两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题;每题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳 选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Back in 2017, Chile experienced some rather devastating wildfires that burned more than 1.4 million acres of forest. In the years since it has been a very 21 journey for those trying to bring life back to

31、the 22 earth. But with a little canine（犬科的）help, Francisca and Constanza Torres have been struggling to help rebuild in face of the23. And their three Border CoHies（边境牧羊犬）could not be any cuter as they do their doggie24 as well.Two sisters have been using the help of their dogs, Das, Olivia, and Sum

32、mer, to get seeds 25. They26 their pups with special backpacks that release the seeds of 27 plants along the ground as the dogs 28 the burned forest. Francisca shared that not only is it benefiting the 29, but the dogs aremore than h叩py for the playtime.30, they are seeing many 3 1 flora and fauna（动

33、植物群）making a 32 to the areas （hat had been burned.Besides using the clogs to help 33 the forests, Torres also keeps busy M assistance dogsin an environmental community that is dog-focused. The Border Collies are actually better for the work than others because they not only have the endurance and 35

34、 to run for miles across forest terrain, but they arefocused dogs who dont get 36 by wildlife. The three dogs are about to cross 18 miles per daymuchmore compared to the only few miles that humans can 37 a day.38, dogs are a lot cheaperthan drones or robots, and they have a much 39 carbon footprint.

35、 Overall it sounds like a（an） 40 for everyone involved!21. A. dangerousB. normalC. joyfulD. hard22. A. dirtyB. lifelessC. terribleD. rich23. A. wasteB. painC. destructionD. loss24. A. thingB. partC. natureD. stuff25. A. harvestedB. plantedC. wateredD. grown26. A. fittedB. suppliedC. connectedD. cove

36、red27. A. multipleB. strongC. rareD. native28. A. roll overB. run aboutC. walk pastD. go through29. A. environmentB. developmentC. wildlifeD. extinction30. A. TemporarilyB. ObviouslyC. ConsequentlyD. Initially31. A. significantB. newC. realD. weak32. A. faceB. livingC. returnD. difference33. A. remo

37、veB. replaceC. renewD. reg row34. A. trainingB. improvingC. savingD. treating35. A. passionB.senseC. directionD. speed36. A. scaredB. drivenC. distractedD. attracted37. A. coverB. paveC. wanderD. measure38. A. OtherwiseB. ThereforeC. InsteadD. Moreover39. A. brighterB. greaterC. lighterD.less40. A.

38、advantageB. winC. prizeD.chance【答案】21. D 22. B23. C 24. C25. B 26. A 27. A28. B 29. C 30. C 31B 32. D 33. C34. A 35. D36. C 37. A 38. D39. D 40. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在2017年智利发生破坏性严重的野火之后，弗朗西斯卡和康斯坦 萨托雷斯在三只边境牧羊犬的帮助下重建被毁的森林的故事。21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从那以后的几年里，对于那曲试图将生命带回死气沉沉的地球的人来说，这 是一段非常艰难的旅程。A. dangero

39、us危险的：B. normal正常的：C. joyful快乐的；D. hard困难的。根据上 文中的Back in 2017. Chile experienced some rather devastating wildfires that burned more than 1.4 million acres of forest.“可知，智利发生了毁灭性的野火，结合卜文 “ for those trying to bring life back to the 2 earth. ”可知，要想恢复是一件非常困难的事情。故选D项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从那以后的几年里，对于那些试图

40、将生命带回死气沉沉的地球的人来说，这 是一段非常艰难的旅程。A. dirty脏的；B. lifeless没有生命的；C. terrible糟糕的；D. rich富的。根据上文中 的 “Back in 2017, Chile experienced some rather devastating wildfires that burned more than 1.4 million acres of forest.w可知，这种破坏性的野火使得被毁的区域毫无生机。故选B项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是在一个小狗的帮助下，弗朗西斯卡和康斯坦萨托雷斯一直在努力帮助重建， 以应对破坏。A.

41、 waste浪费；B. pain疼痛；C. destruction破坏；D. loss损失。根据上文中的“Back in 2017, Chile experienced some rather devastating wildfires that burned more (han 1.4 million acres of forest.M可知，这次野火 烧毁了 140万英亩的森林，所以是面对破坏，要重建被毁的森林。故选C项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的三只边境牧羊犬非常地可爱，因为它们也有狗狗的天性。A. thing东西； B. part部分，作用;C.nature自然;D.s

42、tuff物品。根据上文中的“And their three Border Collies（边境牧羊犬） could not be any cuter.w可知，他们的牧羊犬非常可爱,是这些狗狗的天性。故选C项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：两姐妹一直在他们的狗达斯、奥利维亚和萨默的帮助下播下种子。A. harvested 收获；B. planted种植；C. watered浇水；D. grown生长。根据常识可知，种子是被“播种”的，所以planted 符合语境。故选B项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们给幼崽装上了特殊的背包，当狗在被烧毁的森林里跑来跑去时，这些背包 会释放地

43、面上多种植物的种子。A. filled安装；B. supplied供应；C. connected连接：D. covered覆盖。根据 下文中的“with special backpacks that release the seeds of.w可知，他们给狗狗安装了特殊的背包用来释放 种子，be fitted wi由意为“安装”符合语境。故选A项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们给幼崽装上了特殊的背包，当狗在被烧毁的森林里跑来跑去时，这些背 包会释放地面上多种植物的种子。A. multiple多样的；B. strong强大的；C. rare稀有的；D. native本族的。 根据下

44、文中的“10, they are seeing many 11 flora and fauna（动植物群）making a 12 to（he areas that had been burned.n可知，他们看到很多的动植物群对被毁的地区产生很大的影响，所以此处播 撒的种子是多样的。故选A项。28题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他们给幼崽装上了特殊的背包，当狗在被烧毁的森林里跑来跑去时，这些 背包会释放地面上多种植物的种子。A. roll over翻滚；B. run about到处乱跑；C. walk past走过；D. go through 经历。根据下文中的“because they

45、not only have the endurance and 15 to run fbr miles across forestterrain.可知，此处指的是这些狗狗在被烧毁的森林里四处跑动。故选B项。【29题详解】考杳名词词义辨析。句意：弗朗西斯卡分享说，这不仅有益于野生动物，而且狗对游戏时间也非常高兴。A. environment环境；B. development开发，发展；C. wildlife野生动植物；D. extinction灭绝。根据下文中的 w .they are seeing many 11flora and fhuna（动植物群）making a 12 to the a

46、reas that had been burned.”可知，狗的四处跑动，四处播撒种子，所以下文才会有很多动植物群的出现。故选C项。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，他们看到许多新的动植物群对被烧毁的地区产生了影响。A. Temporarily 临时的；B. Obviously明显的；C.Consequently因此；D. Initially起初。根据空前句子和空后句子之间的逻 辑关系可知，此处表示因果关系，正是由于前者的四处跑动，播散种子，才出现下文中看到很多的动植物 群。故选C项。31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，他们看到许多新的动植物群对被烧毁的地区产生了影响。A.

47、significant 意义重大的；B. new新的；Creal真实的：D. weak虚弱的。结合语境可知，2017年智利的大火烧毁了 140 万亩的森林，经过重建后，出现的应该是新的动植物群。故选B项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，他们看到许多新的动植物群对被烧毁的地区产生了影响。A. face面部；B. living 生计；C. return 回归；D. difference 区别。根据空前的 “10, they are seeing many 11flora and fauna（动植物群）”可知，由于狗狗的四处跑动，四处播撒种子，导致了新动植物群的出现，而这些 新动植物群对

48、被毁的森林有着很大的影响，make a difference I。意为“对有影响”符合语境。故选D项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了使用狗来帮助更新森林外，托雷斯还忙于在一个以狗的专注力为中心的环 境社区训练协助犬。A. remove清除;B. replace取代；C. renew更新；D. regrow再成长。根据上文中的“10, they are seeing many 11 flora and fauna（动植物群）making a 12 to the areas that had been burned.”可知，在狗狗的帮助之下，被毁的森林又出现了生机，所以此处表示的是“更新”这片森 林。故选C项。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了使用狗来帮助更新森林外，托雷斯还忙于在一个以狗的专注力为中心的环 境社区训练协助