陕西省渭南市大荔县2021-2022学年高一下学期期末质量检测英语试题Word版含解析.docx

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1、大荔县20212022学年（下）高一年级期末质量检测试题英语试卷注意事项：1 .本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2 .选择题用2B铅笔将正确答案涂写在答题卡上；非选择题用0.5mm黑色墨水签字笔答在答 题卡的指定答题区域内，超出答题区域答案无效。3 .答题前，请将姓名、考号、试卷类型按要求涂写在答题卡上。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题L5分，满分75分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选 项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅 读一遍。1. What does the w

2、oman want to drink?A. Water. B. Tea. C. Coffee.2. Where is Peter now most probably?A. In （he study. B. In the kitchen. C. In the bathroom.3. What is the weather like now probably?A. Cold. B. Warm. C. Hot.4. What does the man think of the class?A. Inspiring. B. outdated. C. Practical.5. What happened

3、 to the womans watch?A. Its stolen. B. Its broken. C. Its lent out.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分225分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项 中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完 后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. What is the woman doing?A. Making a complaint.B. Reporting on her work.A. Mark Tw

4、ain made a jokeB. the mosquitoes knew Mark Twains room numberC. Mark Twain gave the waiters some nice presentsD. the mosquitoes were very clever and they didnt come into the wrong room15. From the story, we know that.A Mark Twain didnt have a good rest that nightB. the owner told the waiters to look

5、 after Mark Twain well at nightC. no mosquitoes troubled Mark Twain during the nightI）, there were not mosquitoes in the hotel any longer【答案】12.C13. B 14. A 15. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了马克吐温到一个有很多蚊子的地方办宾馆的服务员帮助他驱 赶蚊子的小故事。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中 u One day Mark Twain was going to a small town because of his

6、writing.（一天， 马克吐温因为写作的原因要去一个小镇。）”可知，马克吐温是因为写作的原因要去小镇。故选Co 【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中 “He went into his room, but when he was just about to have a rest, quite a few mosquitoes flew about him. The waiters felt very sorry about that.（他进了 自己的房间，但当他正要休息时， 好多蚊子飞在他周围。服务员对此感到很抱歉。）”可知，服务员因为房间里有很多蚊子而感到抱歉。故 选B.【14题详解

7、】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Mark Twain, however, made a joke, saying to the waiter, “The mosquitoes arc very clever. They know my room number. They didirt come into the wrong room.（然而， 马克吐温开 了彳、玩 笑，对服务员说：“蚊子很聪明。他们知道我的房间号。他们没有走错房间。“）”可知，所有人都笑了 是因为马克吐温开了个玩笑。故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中That was because all the waiters i

8、n the hotel were driving the mosquitoes away for him during the whole night.（那是因为旅馆里所有的服务员整夜都在为他驱赶蚊子。）”可知，那天晚上 没有蚊子来叮咬他，故选C。第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。According to the CDC, insufficient sleep is a public health problem, with over a third of adult sin the U.S. getti

9、ng less than the recommended seven to eight hours per night.16 Your brain doesnt work as well.When you dont get adequate sleep, it takes a toll on your brain to function. 4tMRI imaging shows lack of sleep reduces blood flow to areas of the brain that control higher level thought processes.* says Ric

10、hard Shane, a behavioral sleep specialist. 5It impairs your problem-solving abilities, and decreases constructive thinking skills and logical reasoning.17Youve probably noticed that you wake up “on the wrong side of the bed“ if you havent got enough shut- eye/4 Sleep deprivation affects mood,” Breus

11、 says. Il makes you see everything in a more negative light because your emotions are more volatile when sleep deprived.”Your heart could suffer.18 But what happens is that every system in your body is affected, causing long-term effects on your cardiovascular health, including your risk for high bl

12、ood pressure, heart attack, and stroke.Your skin looks haggard.Turns out, “beauty sleep“ is a real thing, studies show. 19 Research has shown that people who lack sleep are considered less attractive.You gain weight.Dr. Shah says two specific hormones that regulate eating behavior are affected. Ghre

13、lin, which increases appetite, is high in people with sleep deprivation.20In order to get better sleep, experts recommend going to bed and waking up at the same time every day exercising earlier in the day, getting 15 minutes of sunlight to set your body clock, avoiding screen time before bed, and k

14、eeping your bedroom dark.A. You become forgetful.B. You feel annoyed or hurst into anger easily.C. Ybur heart may suffer if you often sleep litde in the long term.D. The following are the harms of lack of sleep that you should know.E. You may think the only effect of sleep deprivation is that youre

15、really tired.F. On the other hand, levels of leptin, which lowers appetite, is low in sleep-deprived people.G. Sleep plays an important role in the generation of cells, which is important for healing and in skin problems.【答案】16. D 17. B 18. E 19. G 20. F【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍睡眠不足这一公共健康问题，以及其带来的危害。【16

16、题详解】前文 * According to the CDC, insufficient sleep is a public health problem, with over a third of adult sin the U.S. getting less than the recommended seven to eight hours per night.（根据疾病预防控制中心的数据，睡眠不足 是一个公共健康问题，美国超过三分之一的成年人每晚睡眠时间少于建议的7到8小时。）”提到很多人 有睡眠不足的问题,而后文“Your brain doesnt wo后as well.（你的大脑不能正

17、常工作）”小标题则开始 介绍睡眠不足的危害。由此可推出划线部分应指出“睡眠不足有各种危害”。D项“以下是你应该知道 的睡眠不足的危害。”承上启下，符合题意。故选D项。【17题详解】根据后文 ”It makes you see everything in a more negative light because your emotions arc more volatile when sleep deprived（ 睡眠不足会让你以消极的眼光看待一切，因为睡眠不足会让你的情绪更加不稳 定。“）中的more volatile可知，此段主要讨论睡眠不足使人变得易怒。B项“你很容易感到恼怒或突 然发

18、怒。”符合题意，适合做本段小标题。故选B项。【18题详解】根据小标题“ Your heart could suffer.（你的心脏会受罪）”可知，本段主要讨论睡眠不足引起的身体健 康问题。根据后文“But what happens is that every system in your body is affected, causing long-term effects on your cardiovascular health, including your risk for high blood pressure, heart attack, and stroke.（但事实是， 你身体

19、的每一个系统都受到影响，对你的心血管健康造成长期影响，包括你患高血压、心脏病和中风的 风险。）”中的But以及every system可推知，划线处应表达“人们以为睡眠不足只影响身体某一方 面”。E项“你可能认为睡眠剥夺的唯一影响就是你真的很累了。”符合题意，承上启下。故选E项。【19题详解】根据小标题“ Your skin looks haggard.（你的皮肤看起来很憔悴。）”可知，本段讨论睡眠不足可能使人 皮肤不好。G项“睡眠在细胞的生成过程中扮演着重要的角色，这对治疗和皮肤问题很重要。”中的skin problems与小标题叙述一致，语义相关。故选G项。【20题详解】根据小标题“You

20、 gain weight （你会增重）”可知，本段讨论睡眠不足让人长胖。F项“另一方面，睡眠 不足的人体内会降低食欲的瘦素水平较低。”中的叩petite与之语义相关，叙述一致。且前文提到“tw。 specific hormones that regulate eating behavior are affected. Ghrelin, which increases appetite, is high in people with sleep deprivation.（有两种特定的激素调节饮食行为受到影响。胃饥饿素可以增加食欲，在睡眠剥夺 患者体内含量很高。）” 了两种激素中的一种，F项又提到

21、另外一种：leptin。故选F项。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题：每小题L 5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最 佳选项。Last weekend, I had an opportunity to serve as a volunteer at a nursing home in another city. I dont have a car and even the 21 train station is far away from my house. 22 I wasnt sure how to g

22、et there.I posted a（n） 23 for a ride on the ride share board. Soon an individual Td never met 24that hed be able to pick me up and drop me off at the station. He said hed wait until my train arrived 25he drove away. My heart 26 and the stress Id been feeling disappeared 27 and thus our friendship be

23、gan.I ended up arriving at the nursing home in 28. The tiny team of servers there were 29 for theadditional help. We all worked together as a team. I was glad to be a part of this and be of 30 to the elderly.That evening when my new 31 dropped me off at （he station, he 32 that it was in a desertedar

24、ea. So he parked his car and said, We will wait fbr the 33 to come together. I couldnt believe his34.With five minutes left before the train arrived, he 35 with me stories of his childhood. As a youngboy, he 36 to sit near the edge of the train tracks, waiting 37 for the trains to rush by with all t

25、heir force. That night he waited with me as my train 38 It didnt rush by with full force but I left that station39 the full force of his kindness and generosity. People like him would always 40 me how to loveand how to give.21.A.bestB.largestC.closestD.latest22.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.InsteadD.Otherwi

26、se23.A.excuseB.chargeC.preferenceD.request24.A.repliedB.jokedC.rememberedD.pretended25.A.whenB.sinceC.after1）.before26.A.brokeB.warmedC.sankD.changed27.A.immediatelyB.graduallyC.recentlyD.slowly28.A.orderB.returnC.timeD.turn29.A.gratefulB.regretfulC.responsibleD.sorry30.A.interestB.serviceC.hopeD.cu

27、riosity31.A.clerkB.customerC.neighborD.friend32.A.admittedB.heardC.noticedD.intended33.A.trainB.busC.taxiD.car34.A.braveryB.confidenceC.courage1).kindness35.A.arguedB.sharedC.discussedD.compared36.A.usedB.hadC.wished1).decided37.A.unwillinglyB.proudlyC.excitedlyD.embarrassedly38.A.startedB.passedC.s

28、toppedD.approached39.A.doubtingB.ignoringC.feelingD.wondering40.A.warnB.remindC.expectD.promise【答案】21.C22. B23. D 24. A25. D26. B 27. A28. C29. A 30.D32. C 33. A34. D 35. B36. A 37. C 38. D39. C40. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者去另外一座城市参加志愿服务，苦于交通不便，于是发帖求助。 有人回复，愿意帮助作者。这位新朋友不但把作者送到了火车站，而且还陪伴作者等火车，并与作者分享 了他

29、童年的经历。21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我没有车，即使最近的火车站也离我家很远。A. best最好的；B. largest最大 的；C. closest最近的；D. latest最新的。根据“even”（甚至）可知作者当时交通非常不便，故推测此句表达 为：甚至离我家最近的火车站也很远。故选C。【22题详解】考查连词辨析。句意：因此，我不知道怎么去那里。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Instead而不 是；D. Otherwise否则。根据前后句可知，作者交通不便导致作者不知道怎么去目的地，此处表示因果关 系，故选B。23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：

30、我在拼车板上发布了一个拼车请求。A. excuse借口； B. charge费用；C. preference 偏爱:D. request 要求。根据后文hed be able to pick me up and drop me off at the sialion”可知,一个人过来 帮助我，带我到车站，故可推测，我之前在拼车板发了一个请求寻求了帮助。因此才会有人来帮助我，故 选D。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久，一个素昧平生的人回答说，他可以来接我，然后把我送到车站去。A. replied 回答；B. joked玩笑；C. remembered记住；D. prelended假装。根

31、据前文可知，我在拼车板发了一个请求寻 求了帮助，故此处表达的意思是一个我从来没见过的人回复说他可以开车来接我。故选A。25题详解】考查连词辨析。句意：他说 他开车离开之前，他会一直等到火车来。A. when当时候；B. since自从；C. after在之后；D. before在之前。根据语境可知before在之前。故选D。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的心暖和了，我一直感到的压力立刻消失了，于是我们的友谊开始了。A.broke 打破：B. warmed温暖；C. sank沉陷；D. changed交换。根据前文可知，在我寻求帮助时，一个陌生人来帮 助我，故可推测我的心感觉很温暖。故

32、选B。【27题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我的心暖和了，我一直感到的压力立刻消失了，于是我们的友谊开始了。A. immediately立即；B. gradually逐渐地；C. recently最近地；D. slowly缓慢地。根据前文可知，在我着急的 时候，一位陌生人来帮助我，故此时我一直感受到的压力立马消失了。故选A。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最后及时到达养老院。A.order命令；B. return归还；C. time时间；D. turn W 动。短语in time属固定搭配，意为“及时“。根据语境可知选C。29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:那里的服务器团队非常感谢额

33、外的帮助。A. grateful感激的；B. regretful后悔 的；C. responsible负责的；D. sorry抱歉的。根据前文可知，我去养老院是做志愿服务的，故敬老院的一个 小队的服务者对我做义工这种额外的帮助很感激。故选Ao【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很高兴能参与其中，为老年人服务。A. interest兴趣；B. service服务；C. hope 希望；D. curiosity好奇心。根据前文可知，我去养老院是做志愿服务的，故我很高兴能成为其中的一员， 并为老人服务。故选B。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，当我的新朋友把我送到车站时，他注意到车

34、站是在一个人迹罕至的 地方。A. clerk 职员；B. customer 顾客；C. neighbor 邻居；D. friend 朋友。根据后半句dropped me off at the station可知，此空写的是帮助作者的陌生人，显然他们刚认识，是新朋友。故选D。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，当我的新朋友把我送到车站时，他注意到车站是在一个人迹罕至的 地方。A. admitted承认；B. heard听见：C. noticed注意到;D. intended有意。根据语境及词义,故选C。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们将等火车一起来。A.train火车；B.

35、bus公交；C.taxi出租车；D.car汽车。根据前文可知，作者到车站是为了乘火车，故我们一起等火车来。故选A。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我无法相信他的善良。A. bravery勇敢；B. confidence自信；C. courage勇气； D. kindness善良。根据前后文及语境可知：陌生人是善良的。故选D。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析二句意：离火车到站还有五分钟，他给我讲了他童年的故事。A. argued争论：B. shared 分享；C. discussed讨论；D. compared比较。根据语境可知：他与我分享了他童年的故事。故选B。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨

36、析。句意：当他还是个小男孩的时候，他常常坐在火车轨道的边缘，兴奋地等待着火车用 尽全力飞驰而过。A. used使用；B. had拥有;C. wished希望;D. decided决定。短语used to属固定搭配, 意为：过去常常。短语used 2 do “过去常常做某事”，故选A。【37题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当他还是个小男孩的时候，他常常坐在火车轨道的边缘，兴奋地等待着火车用 尽全力飞驰而过。A. unwillingly不愿意地;B. proudly骄傲地；C. excitedly激动地;D. embarrassedly尴尬 地。根据语境及词义，故选C。【38题详解】考查动词词义辨

37、析。句意：那天晚上，当我的火车驶近时，他和我一起等着。A. started开始；B. passed通 过；C.slopped停止；D. approached接近。根据前文及语境可知选D。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它并没有全速前进，但我离开车站时，感受到了他的善良和慷慨。A. doubting 怀疑;B. ignoring忽视;C. feeling感觉;D. wondering好奇。根据语境可知fed感受到,此处是现在分词 作伴随状语。故选C。【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：像他这样的人总是提醒我如何去爱，如何去给予。A. warn温暖；B. remind提 醒；C. expe

38、ct期待;D. promise承诺。根据语境及词义,故选B。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Nobody wants to be aged, but 41 it comes to visiting cities, most of us want to visit the worlds oldest cities. Luoyang is one of ihe oldest and most 42 (attract) cities in the world that Td like to recommend to yo

39、u.Luoyang stands out 43the oldest continually inhabited(有人居住的)city in Asia. The city isconsidered to be 44 birthplace of Chinese culture and history as well as being one of the Seven Ancient Capitals of China. There 45 (be) no other city in China that has seen so many 46 (dynasty) like Luoyang.With

40、such a long and 47 (excite) history, Luoyang has really a lot to offer. The Longmen Grottoes, which 48 (include) on the World Heritage List in 2000, and many historic Buddhist temples constant attract tourists from all over the world. Luoyang is also famous for the White Horse Temple, the 49 (early)

41、 Buddhist temple 50 (build) in China. Are you anxious to visit the city?【答案】41. when42. attractive43. as44. the45. is46. dynasties47. exciting48. were included49. earliest50. built【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了古都洛阳。洛阳拥有悠久的、激动人心的历史和诸多名胜古迹。对 游客来说，洛阳是一个值得一游的城市。41题详解】考查连词。句意：没有人想变老，但是当提到旅游城市的时候，我们大多数人都想参观世界上最古老的

42、城市。when it comes to为固定结构，意为“当提到时”。故填when。42题详解】考查形容词。句意：洛阳是世界上最古老、最吸引人的城市之一，我想向你们推荐这个城市。分析句子 可知，空处在句中作定语修饰cities,故用形容词ailractive ”吸引人的。故填attractive。【43题详解】考查介词。句意：洛阳是亚洲最占老的有人居住的城市。as在句中意为“作为。stand out as为固定搭 配，意为“作为而出类拔萃。故填as。【44题详解】考查冠词。句意：这座城市被认为是中国文化和历史的发祥地，也是中国七大古都之一。分析句子可知，此处用定冠词，特指中国文化和历史的发源地。

43、故填the。【45题详解】考杳时态及主谓一致.句意：在中国没有其他城市像洛阳这样经历过如此多的王朝。文中客观介绍了洛 阳的相关事实，用一股现在时。空处所在句为There be句型，句中主语为no other city in China,所以be动 词用第三人称单数。故填is。【46题详解】考查名词复数。句意：在中国没有其他城市像洛阳这样经历过如此多的王朝。根据空前的“somany”可 知此处用dynasty的复数形式。故填dynasties。【47题详解】考查形容词。句意：有着如此悠久而激动人心的历史，洛阳确实可以提供很多东西。分析句子可知，该 空处应填形容词，作定语,修饰history。故填

44、exciting。【48题详解】考查时态及主谓一致。句意：2000年被列入世界遗产名录的龙门石窟，以及许多历史悠久的佛教寺庙吸 引了来自世界各地的游客。句中的时间状语“in 2000”表明空处用一般过去式，且which （指代TheLongmen Grottoes）与include之间是被动关系,故用被动语态。此外，the Longmen Grottoes为复数,被动 语态中的be动词用were。故填were included 49题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：洛阳还以向马寺而闻名，这是中国早期的佛教寺庙。分析句子并根据定冠词 ihe可知，空处应填形容词最高级，作定语修饰Buddhislte

45、mple。故填earlist。【50题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：洛阳还以白马寺而闻名，这是中国早期的佛教寺庙。分析句子结构可知，the earliest Buddhist temple 4 build在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填built。第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）51. 短文改错。假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你的同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错 误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。增加：在缺漏词的地方加一个漏字符号，并在其下写出该词。删除：把多余的词用斜线划掉。修

46、改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不记分。Dear Mandy,Im not doing well in iny lessons at school, especial in maths. My dad says I must try hard because he wants me go to university. He thinks Im lazy, but its not true. I work really hard, often study late into the night!

47、Tve tried to talk to my mother, but she always said I have to work as hard like my brother does. My brother doesnt study very hard, and he always gets excellent grades. Its not fair! The only thing I like it is art. My teacher says Im the best student shes had fbr year. When I told my dad, all he said was, “You mustnt waste your time in art. You must fbcus your