2023年文化基础考试卷(A类).docx

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1、座号绝密 2023 年 4 月 27 日郑州铁路职业技术学院 2023 年单独招生考试文化根底综合试卷A 类留意事项：1.答题前，考生务必先把座号及密封线内的工程填写清楚；2.在专用答题纸上严格按题目序号挨次答题，答题时要标明题号。号总分统分人签名座题号一二三四五六七八九十十一分值10691510105516410密分数号一、选择题共 10 分，每题 2 分场1.以下词语中加点的字，每对读音都一样的一项为哪一项()A效仿 /发酵甲胄/压轴戏祛除/曲意逢迎B皎洁 /打搅捭阖/柏油路契机/提纲挈领封C隐瞒 /蛮横居然/狙击手称职/趁热打铁D空旷 /粗暴触角/处理品对峙/博闻强识考2. 以下各句中，

2、加点的成语使用恰当的一项为哪一项()A. 伦敦奥运会上，林丹在 0:1 落后的状况下，不孚众望，奋力拼搏，连扳线 两局，最终以 2: 1 战胜李宗伟，夺得冠军。号B.低端车的消费者的经济承受力气有限，对于每一次几角钱的油价上涨，证他们都不行能等闲视之。考准C.几年前，学界几乎没有人对他的学说感兴趣，可现在当他被尊奉为大师之后，登堂入室的求教者简直要踏破他家的门槛。D.项羽被困垓下,兵少食尽，外面汉兵层层包围，其境况之危急真是如履薄 冰。想起“西楚霸王”之威名，人们不禁感慨万千。3. 依次填入以下各句横线处的词语，最恰当的一项为哪一项()中国式过大路，是网民对局部中国人集体闯红灯现象的一种调侃，

3、即“凑够名一撮人就可以走了，和红绿灯无关”。消灭这种现象一是受“从众”心理影响，姓二是即使违反了规章被抓，惩罚也轻，不顾及交通安全。闯红灯在共 13 页第 13 页很多国家为人所 。“中国式过大路”网络传播，马上引发网友对交通、国民素养和安全意识的争论。A从而不耻一经B进而不齿已经C进而不耻已经D从而不齿一经4. 以下各句中，没有语病的一句是( )A.1979 年 6 月，中方正式向日方提出共同开发钓鱼岛四周资源的设想，首次公开说明白中方愿以“搁置争议，共同开发”模式解决同周边邻国间领土和海洋权益争端的立场。B.要实施人才强国战略，就必需深化人才体制改革，完善人才的任用、培育、鼓舞、评价机制，

4、着力造就一批高素养的现代化建设人才。C.“网络水军”通过雇佣大批人手在互联网上集体炒作某个话题或人物， 以到达宣传、推销或攻击某些人或产品的目的。D.红十字会接连陷入信用危机，问题在于我们的慈善机构财务不透亮、治理不标准，但深层次的缘由还是整个慈善业制度存在缺陷造成的。 5以下诗句的作者是李商隐的是A. 同是天际沦落人，相逢何必曾相识。B.身无彩凤双飞翼，心有灵犀一点通。C.泪眼问花花不语，乱红飞过秋千去。D.衣带渐宽终不悔，为伊消得人憔悴。二、文言文阅读共 6 分，每题 2 分 阅读下面一段文言文，完成 6-8 题。文天祥字宋瑞，又字履善，古之吉水人也。年二十举进士，对策集英殿。帝亲拔为第一

5、。咸淳九年，起为湖南提刑，因见故相江万里。万里素奇天祥志节，语及国事，愀然曰：“吾老矣，观天时人事当有变，吾阅人多矣，世道之责， 其在君乎?君其勉之。”十年，改知赣州。德祐初，江上报急，诏天下勤王。天祥捧诏涕泣，发郡中豪杰，有众万人。事闻，以江西提刑安抚使召入卫。其友止之，天祥曰：“第国家培育臣庶三百余年，一旦有急，征天下兵，无一人一骑入关者，吾深恨于此，故不自量力，而以身徇之，庶天下忠臣义士将有闻风而起 者。”尽以家赀为军费。明年正月，除知临安府，寻除右丞相兼枢密使，如军中请和，与大元丞相伯颜抗论皋亭山。丞相怒拘之，北至镇江。天祥夜亡入真州， 展转至高邮，泛海至温州。至元十五年十二月，趋南岭

6、。天祥方饭五坡岭，张 弘范兵突至，天祥仓皇出走，千户王惟义前执之。至潮阳，见弘范，左右命之 拜，不拜，弘范遂以客礼见之，与俱入崖山，使为书招张世杰。天祥曰：“吾不能捍父母，乃教人叛父母，可乎?”索之固，乃书所过零丁洋诗与之。崖山破，弘范遣使护送天祥至京师。天祥在燕凡三年，上知天祥终不屈也，召入谕之曰：“汝何愿?”天祥对曰：“天祥受宋恩，为宰相，安事二姓 ?愿赐之一死足矣。”然犹不忍，遽麾之退。言者力赞从天祥之请，从之。天祥临刑殊冷静。谓吏卒曰：“吾事毕矣。”南乡拜而死，年四十七。(节选自宋史文天祥传)6. 对以下句中加点词语的解释，不正确的一项为哪一项 A. 年二十举进士，对策集英殿。 对策：

7、应付的策略B.第国家养育臣庶三百余年。 培育：养活、抚养C.吾深恨于此。 深恨：格外圆满D.天祥临刑殊从容。 冷静：冷静冷静7. 以下句子分别编为四组，全都说明文天祥有“志节”的一组是 捧诏涕泣 与大元丞相伯颜抗论皋亭山 尽以家赀为军费 左右命之拜，不拜 张弘范兵突至，天祥仓皇出走 天祥受宋恩，为宰相，安事二姓?A. B. C. D. 8. 以下对原文有关内容的概括和分析，不正确的一项为哪一项 ()A. 咸淳九年，文天祥任湖南提刑时遇见旧相江万里，谈及国家大事，江万里容色转变，认为转变社会状况的责任或许在有志节的文天祥身上。B. 德祐元年，元军进逼愈急，皇上下诏号召天下起兵帮助朝廷抗敌，文天祥

8、“发郡中豪杰”响应，有众万人，并倾尽家财为军费，领兵入卫。C. 德祐二年，文天祥奉命赴元朝都城跟元丞相伯颜谈判时据理力争，遭到元方的扣押，被带到镇江，后来趁夜色逃离，最终来到温州。D. 至元十五年，元将张弘范兵突至，文天祥在五坡岭被执。崖山被攻破后， 文天祥被送往京师。元朝百般劝降，他坚决不屈服，最终冷静就义。三、现代文阅读共 9 分，每题 3 分 阅读下面的文字，完成 9-11 题。陶瓷艺术与文学艺术从艺术种类来说，陶瓷艺术与文学分属不同的艺术种类。前者为空间艺术， 后者为时间艺术；前者为造型艺术，后者为语言艺术。陶瓷艺术与文学艺术的结缘，源于何时，已无从考证。但有一点格外相像： 文学起源于

9、劳动，起源于不自觉的口头文学，具有相当深厚的再现风格，文学 的内容与劳动的内容亲热相关。陶瓷雕塑经受了写实这样一个阶段。那些陶塑动物的造型，与活生生的动物逼真无二，是纯写实的，是先民实际生活的再现。正如人们不能否认原始文学的审美一样，同样不能否认这些写实性的陶塑作品的审美意义和审美价值。我想，它们不仅是先民生活的一种反映，也是先民审美意识的一种形象见证， 是文明进展轨迹中的一个重要历史阶段。陶瓷雕塑艺术和文学艺术，尽管分属不同的艺术种类，但在其审美本质上是共同的：通过塑造艺术形象反映生活，满足人们的审美需要。景德镇称不上文学之城，但却是无可争论的陶瓷之城，是名符其实的千年瓷都。尽管这样，景德镇

10、的陶瓷艺术家们，包括陶瓷雕塑艺术家，用才智敏捷的双手，用泥土和火，把瓷都景德镇营造成为一个中国文学之城。在这里三国演义的烽火连天，水浒传的义旗招展，西游记的漫漫征途，红楼梦的悲欢离合，都在陶瓷艺术家们手中得到了形象生动的再现。文学艺术，不仅为陶瓷艺术供给了素材，而且在艺术形象的塑造上供给了有益的启发。陶瓷艺术形象的塑造，不是照实地复制文学艺术形象，而是在理解的根底上制造出一个高度集中、高度凝练的艺术形象，使赏识者感觉到既像是自己感觉中的文学形象，同时又感觉到这是一个的艺术制造。文学是时间艺术，雕塑是一种造型艺术，具有可触、可摸、可视的特性；文学长于叙事， 长于呈现文学形象的产生、变化和进展过程

11、，而陶瓷表现的只是一个瞬间性的艺术形象，它不能告知人们为什么是这样，它只能告知人们只能是这样。要用陶瓷艺术手段，塑造一个文学题材的艺术形象，不是一件简洁的事情，尤其是大型组雕、群雕，其难度之大，就可想而知。但是，陶瓷艺术家们，不仅在塑造单个的形象上获得了成功，而且在组雕、群雕的塑造上同样取得了令世人注目的艺术成就。曾山东的孙悟空大战众天 神、李恭坤三国演义等，都是有代表性的取材于文学作品的艺术形象塑 造。特别值得一提的是水浒 108 将大型人物群雕艺术形象的塑造所取得的高度艺术成就。9. 以下对陶瓷雕塑艺术的理解，正确的一项为哪一项A. 陶瓷雕塑是纯写实的艺术，具有很高的审美意义和审美价值。B

12、. 陶瓷雕刻艺术和文学艺术分属不同的艺术种类，而在审美本质上却有很多一样之处。C. 陶瓷雕刻艺术是一种造型艺术，虽然表现的只是一个瞬间性的形象，却具有很强的直观性。D. 在陶瓷雕塑中，组雕、群雕的塑造取得了令世人注目的艺术成就，但与单个形象的塑造还是有确定差距的。10. 关于陶瓷艺术与文学二者的关系，以下理解错误的一项为哪一项A. 陶瓷艺术是空间和造型艺术，文学则是时间和语言艺术。B. 陶瓷艺术与文学的结缘起于何时虽无从考证，但它们均来源于民间，与先民的劳动生活有着亲热的联系。C. 文学艺术为陶瓷艺术供给了丰富的素材，并为其艺术形象的塑造供给了很多启发。D. 文学长于叙事，其呈现的是形象产生、

13、变化和进展的过程，而陶瓷表现的只是一个固定的死板的艺术。11. 以下表达符合原文意思的一项为哪一项A. 景德镇是一个著名的瓷都，更是一个典型的中国文学之城。B. 水浒 108 将大型人物群雕艺术彰显了陶瓷艺术手段的无穷魅力。C. 陶瓷艺术形象的塑造，需要在照实复制文学艺术形象的根底上，进一步升华提炼与完善。D. 文学名著中的全部艺术形象都能够在陶瓷雕塑艺术中得以完善再现。四、阅读下面的材料， 依据要求作文。15 分美国心理学家詹姆士说过：“人类本质中最殷切的需求是渴望被确定。”现实生活中，并不是缺少价值，而是缺少确定。很多时候我们不是不能确定，而是不愿确定，或者说是不会确定。每一个人都有期盼被

14、确定的心理，当这种需要得到满足的时候，人们就会欢欣鼓舞，动力不竭。学会确定不仅表达出一种力气、一种卓识，更能凸显一种睿智、一种品质。要求：1. 所写内容必需在这个话题范围之内，不要脱离材料内容。2. 选准角度，明确立意，文体自定，题目自拟。3. 字数 500 字左右。五、单项选择共 10 小题；每题 1 分，总分值 10 分从 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。12. My neighbor asked me to go forwalk, but I didnt think I”ve got energy.A. a, /B. The, theC. /, theD.

15、 a, the13. Not onlyour money, but we were also in danger of losing our lives.A. we lostB. lost weC. did we loseD. we did lose14. Look out! Dont get too close to the houseroof is under repair.A. whoseB. whichC. of whichD. that15. and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of M

16、ount Tai.A. To be tiredB. TiredC. TiringD. Being tired16. My uncletwo packets of cigarettes a day, but now hewithout nicotine.A. used to smoke; is used to goB. used to smoke; is used to goingC. used to smoking; is used to goD. used to smoking; is used to going17. E-mail, as well as telephones,an imp

17、ortant part in daily communication.A. is playingB. were playingC. playD. are playing18. If you sleep short of 7 hours, you are three timesto catch a cold. A.possibleB.certainlyC. likelyD. probable19. By Saturday, Ihere for three weeks.A. will be workingB. will have workedC. will workD. work20. -John

18、 went to the hospital alone.-If heme about it, I would have gone with him.A. should tellB. tellsC. toldD. had told21. -Why was Mr Smiths wife unhappy?-Because he came back home very late last night, and, he was drunk.A. what was worseB. as a resultC. on the other handD. after all六、阅读理解共 10 小题，每题 1 分

19、，总分值 10 分阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项中A、B、C 和 D选出最正确选项。AYour body，which has close relations with the food you eat，is the mostimportant thing you own，so it needs proper treatment and proper nourishment营养The old saying“An apple a day keeps the doctor away”is not as silly as some people thinkThe body needs fruit

20、and vegetables because they contain vitamin CMany people take extra vitamins in pill form believing that these will make them healthyBut a good diet is made up of nourishing food and this gives all the vitamins you needThe body doesnt need or use extra vitamins，so why waste money on them?In the mode

21、rn western world，many people are too busy to bother about eating properlyThey throw anything into their stomachs ，eating hurriedly and carelesslyThe list of illnesses caused or made worse by bad eating habits is frightening22. “Your body has close relations with the food you eat”It really means that

22、 A. all kinds of food you eat can be made into your bodyB. your body is made up of the food you eatC. what you eat has great effect on your healthD. the more you eat，the fitter you will feel23. The old saying referred to in the passage tells us that Aeating apples regularly does lots of good to our

23、healthB. the apple is the best among all kinds of fruitsC. apples can take the place of doctorsD. an apple is a sure cure for illness24. In the second paragraph，the writer tries to let us know Aour bodies need food or we cant liveBoften eating apples is a good habitCtaking extra vitamin pills is com

24、pletely uselessDa good diet is of great importance for our health 25In the modern western countriesA. people dont want to pay more attention to their eatingB. lots of peoples illnesses are caused or made worse by bad eating habitsC. people throw everything into their stomachs without chewingD. peopl

25、e are only too busy to cook meals for themselves26. From the passage we can draw a conclusion that if we want to keep healthy ，we shouldA. only eat an apple a dayB. eat properlyC. take as many vitamin pills as possibleD. throw something into our stomachs slowly and carefullyBIn 1826, a Frenchman nam

26、ed Niepce needed pictures for his business. But he was not a good artist. So he invented a very simple camera. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden. That was the first photo.The next important date in the history of photography摄影术was in 1837. Thatyear, Daguerre, anothe

27、r Frenchman, took a picture of his reading room. He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his pictures you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest things. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.Soon, other people began to use Daguerre”s way. Travelers brought back wond

28、erful photos from all around the world. People took pictures of famous buildings, cities and mountains.In about 1840, photography was developed. Then photographers摄影家couldtake pictures of people and moving things. That was not simple. The photographers had to carry a lot of films and other machines.

29、 But this did not stop them, for example, some in the United States worked so hard.Mathew Brady was a famous American photographer. He took many pictures of great people. The pictures were unusual because they were very lifelike栩栩如生的.Photography also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th cen

30、tury. Some photos were not just copies of the real world. They showed ideas and feelings, like other kinds of art.27. The first photo taken by Niepce was a picture of.A. his businessB. his houseC. his gardenD. his window28. The Daguerreotype was.A. a FrenchmanB. a kind of pictureC. a kind of cameraD

31、.a photographer29. If a photographer wanted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840, he had to.A. watch lots of filmsC. stop in most cities30. Mathew Brady.A. was a very attractive personC. was quite a strong person31. This passage tells us.A. how photography was developedB. buy an exp

32、ensive cameraD. take many films and related facilitiesB. was famous for his unusual picturesD. took many pictures of moving peopleB. how to show your ideas and feelings in picturesC. how to take pictures in the worldD. how to use different cameras七、用所给词的适当形式填空共 5 小题，每题 1 分，共 5 分32. The lecture was s

33、o (bore)that many classroom fell asleep.33. It is far more (interest)for me to chat online with friends than to watch TV.34. If I (be)you, I wouldnt miss the job interview tomorrow morning.35. I suggest that she(come) another day.36. The girl(stand) in the corner is his sister.八、补全对话共 5 小题，每题 1 分，共

34、5 分依据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出填入空白处的最正确答案。选项中有 两项为多余选项。Son: Mum, my old bike has gone wrong again. What shall I do?Mum:37.Son: Great! But can I have a mountain bike?Mum: What a mountain bike? Therere no mountains around here.Son: Mountain bikes are stronger, and theyre better at going up hills. But I .Mum:38.

35、Son: Money. Do you know how much they cost? At least $300 each! How can I getso much money!Mum:39; save $5 a week, then in just over a yearSon: Over a year! But I need one now.Mum:40.Son: I suppose about $150 each.Mum: Well, that sounds more reasonable. If you save $ 5 a week, you will have enough i

36、n about six month.Son: Mmbut I still hopeMum:41.A. No problem.B. Buy a new oneC. You can save up the moneyD. Is that expensive?E. Well, go ahead with your saving and Ill make up the rest in six months. Now goand get your old bike repaired.F. How much does an ordinary bike cost?G. Whats wrong with yo

37、u?九、单项选择题共 8 小题，每题 2 分，总分值 16 分x -142、函数 y =1的定义域是A、(- , + )B、1 , + )C、(0 , + )D、(1 , + )43、设集合 A = x - 4 x 3， 则AB 是A、(-4 , 4)B、(-4 , 3)C、(3 , 4)D、3 , 444、函数 f (x) = x 21- 4 x+ ln(x -1) ，则 f (2) 等于A、145、sin x =B、21 ，则cos 2x 等于3C、0D、1A、- 79B、119C、 79D、- 119x - 246、不等式x + 3 0 的解集是A、(- , - 3)C、FB、(- ,

38、- 3)(2 , + )D、2 , + )47、过点1,2，且平行于直线3x + y = 0 的直线方程是 A、3x + y - 5 = 0C、3x - y + 5 = 0B、 x + 3y - 5 = 0D、 x - 3 y + 5 = 048、向量a = (-3 , 5) ， b = (10 , x) ，假设a b ，则 x 的值是A、6B、6C、5D、549、掷两枚均匀的骰子，两枚均为 1 点的概率是A、 1B、 1C、 1D、 1184936十、填空题共 2 小题，每题 2 分，总分值 4 分50、数列通项an=1，求数列的前 n 项和S =n(n + 1)n51、某战士在一样条件下，射靶 5 次，每次命中的环数分别是 6、7、7、9、6则这组数据的方差是十一、解答题共 2 小题，总分值 10 分 解同意写出文字说明或演算步骤52、此题总分值 5 分圆锥的高为 10cm，底面半径为 5cm 求：(1) 圆锥的体积；(2) 圆锥的外表积 2 53、此题总分值 5 分函数 f (x) = x3 + ax2 - x + c ，且a = f 3 求：(1)a 的值；(2) 函数 f (x)的单调区间