2022-2023学年北京市海淀区高三上学期期中英语试题（解析版）.docx

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1、海淀区2022-2023学年第一学期期中练习高三英语本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无 效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题;每小题L5分,共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在 答题纸上将该项涂黑。A couple in Italy who met at a nightly balcony concert during the coronavirus lockdown are becoming a modern-day Ro

2、meo and Juliet in the same city where Shakespeares story of unfortunate lovers took place.Edda Farina and Marco Colombo 1 each other during one of the regular 6:00 pm 2 concerts designed to cheer up the community.Edda initially noticed Marco when she stepped outside to his violin 3 on his balcony. S

3、he said, “The music was like an arrow fired by Cupid”. Marco, who also fell in love at first sight, tracked Edda down on social media. The two kept 4 each other till one day Marco made a big banner to hang from the top floor of his building with Eddas name on it to 5 his love for her.They then had t

4、heir first date in a park as the restrictions were 6 in May. It turned out the couple had lived in the same neighbourhood for much of their lives, but it 7 a global pandemic to finally bring them together.Perhaps the fact that the couple could lean on each other during the lockdown meant that they h

5、ad built a 8 foundation before they met up. As Marco shared on his social media, “We are considering a wedding ceremony on the large roof of my apartment building, which would 9 since we met on our balconies”.Finally a balcony love story that ends happily-one Shakespeare himself could never have10!1

6、. A. greetedB. recognizedC. spotted2 A. balconyB. charityC. folk3. A. studioB. talentC. practice4. A. consultingB. messagingC. dating5. A.seekB. declareC. share6. A. liftedB. announcedC. introduced7. A. causedB. deservedC. needed8. A.soundB. materialC. freshD. monitoredD. squareD. performanceD. visi

7、tingD. winD. rejectedD. tookD. basic以通过选择无乳制品、低碳水化合物、高纤维等类别轻松找到你想要的食物。）”可知，NYT最有可能吸引 素食者。故选D。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据 Kitchn 部分“The tone of Kitchn is light, playful, and fun, but still professional and very informative. （Kitchn语气轻快、俏皮、有趣，但仍然很专业，信息量很大。）”不能推断出Kitchn以其专业 和信息丰富的风格而闻名。故A项说法错误；根据Udemy部分“With over

8、183,000 online courses available, Udemy offers a variety of cooking courses taught by instructors around the country. （Udemy 拥有超过 183000 门 在线课程，提供由全国各地的教师教授的各种烹饪课程。）”可知，B项中“worldwide instructors”说法错 误； 根据 Rouxbe 部分 u Widely recognized as the leading online cooking school among industry professionals

9、,（Rouxbe被公认为行业专业人士中领先的在线烹饪学校，）”可知，C项“Rouxbe受到行业专业人士的高度 评价。”说法正确；根据 NYT 部分 “For those with specific dietary preferences, you can easily find what youre looking for by selecting categories like dairy-free, low-carb, high fiber and more.（对于那些有特定饮食偏好的人， 你可以通过选择无乳制品、低碳水化合物、高纤维等类别轻松找到你想要的食物。）”不能推断出NYT针 对有

10、特定饮食偏好的人。故D项说法错误。故选C。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据 Kitchn u Kitchn Cooking School offers an online course that. Udemy 部分“With over 183,000 online courses available. Rouxbe 部分 “ Widely recognized as the leading online cooking school. 以及 NYT 部分 “NYT is recognized for its food section and offers a large selection of

11、 instructional cooking videos online for all skill levels.可知，这四所学校的共同之处是都提供在线课程。故选A。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“It is our mission to help busy but curious home cooks make the best purchase decisions. Now compile our informative lists below.（我们的使命是帮助忙碌但好奇的家庭厨师做出最佳的购买决定。现 在编织了下面的信息名单。）”以及文中Kitchn. Udemy、Rouxb

12、e和NYT是四所提供在线烹饪课程的学校。 本文的写作目的是推荐这四所学校，以帮助那些忙碌但好奇的家庭厨师做出最佳购买决定。故选B。CNext FrontiersSchoolbooks typically present explorers as intrepid （勇敢的）individuals who, for example, sail wooden ships to new lands. But today most explorers who are making fundamental discoveries are scientists. And whether the front

13、iers are tiny, like the human genome, or massive, like our deepest oceans, we still have much left to learn about planet Earth. The quests that modern scientists pursue rival （比得上）anything in a history book or an adventure novel.Exploration is science in its most basic form - asking questions of the

14、 natural world and, we hope, using the answers for the betterment of everything on Earth.Exploration has great value. It inspires us, widens our knowledge and gives us hope for a better future. And the practical payoffs can even be lifesaving. Scientists who spent decades exploring what was in the a

15、tmosphere found that over time the concentration of carbon dioxide was rising. Without that discovery, we humans would now be living like the proverbial frog in a pot of gradually heating water, unsure why the environment around us is changing, and slowly boiling to death.The human drive to overcome

16、 challenges is an essential aspect of the human drive to explore, which, in most cases, spurs innovation. Early human submersibles that reached the bottom of the deepest ocean trenches made the trip just once, stressed by the enormous pressures there. But eventually a more stress-resistant deep-subm

17、ergence vehicle, the Limiting Factor, allowed investor and undersea explorer Victor Vescovo to reach trench bottoms numerous times.Now there are roughly 4,000 autonomous Argo floats across the worlds oceans that dive down to 2,000 feet and resurface every 10 days. Programmable vessels greatly expand

18、 our reach and reduce the risk to the people involved in exploration, allowing for the kind of discovery that the human body might limit. The Argo group will also deploy dozens of sensors every year that will gather biological and chemical data, leading to new observations about marine life.Other in

19、stitutions plan to search the seas in unison, sending data to guide ships that forward the information to researchers on shore. Ocean research groups have made it a priority to openly share their discoveries and data with the public and to inspire the next generation of young scientists. Anyone can

20、go along for the ride - we can all be explorers. Maybe one day youll explore the Great Barrier Reef, the desert, or a rain-forest canopy.Captain James T. Kirk began each episode of the original Star Trek television series by saying, “Space, the final frontier. Not necessarily. We still have plenty t

21、o discover right here on Earth, and we eagerly await surprises from the newest worlds we find.28. The example proverbial frog in Paragraph 3 is used to.A. illustrate the significance of explorationB. stress the importance of knowledgeC. argue for the necessity of innovationD. show the impact of glob

22、al warming29. We can learn from Paragraph 4 and 5 that.A. the human desire to overcome challenges leads to innovationB. sea life observation is the final purpose of ocean explorationC. the findings of ocean exploration are rather disappointingD. new technologies push human exploration in the ocean30

23、. What can we infer from the passage?A. Few modern scientists are true explorers.B. The space will be humans final frontier.C. Exploring is an in-born human quality.D. Exploring the earth can still be fruitful.【答案】28.A29. A 30. D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了探索是科学最基本的形式一一提出自然世界的问题，我们希望 用这些问题的答案来改善地球上的一切。文章

24、论述了探索地球的重要作用和意义。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段 u Exploration has great value. It inspires us, widens our knowledge and gives us hope for a better future. And the practical payoffs can even be lifesaving. Scientists who spent decades exploring what was in the atmosphere found that over time the concentration of

25、carbon dioxide was rising. Without that discovery, we humans would now be living like the proverbial frog in a pot of gradually heating water, unsure why the environment around us is changing, and slowly boiling to death.（探索有很大的价值。它激励我们，扩大我们的知识，给我们 一个更好的未来的希望。而实际的回报甚至可以挽救生命。科学家们花了几十年的时间探索大气中的物质， 发现随

26、着时间的推移，二氧化碳的浓度在上升。如果没有这一发现，我们人类现在就会像谚语所说的青蛙 一样生活在逐渐加热的锅里，不确定我们周围的环境为什么会发生变化，然后慢慢地沸腾而死）”可推知， 第三段中的“谚语青蛙”的例子被用来说明全球变暖的影响。故选A。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“The human drive to overcome challenges is an essential aspect of the human drive to explore, which, in most cases, spurs innovation. Early human submersibles

27、that reached the bottom of the deepest ocean trenches made the trip just once, stressed by the enormous pressures there. But eventually a more stress-resistant deep-submergence vehicle, the Limiting Factor, allowed investor and undersea explorer Victor Vescovo to reach trench bottoms numerous times.

28、（人类克服挑战的动力是人类探索动力的一个重要方面，在大 多数情况下，探索动力会刺激创新。早期的人类潜水器到达最深的海沟底部，在巨大的压力下只进行了一 次。但最终，一种更耐压力的深海潜水器一一“限制因子。让投资者和海底探险家维克多维斯科沃得以 多次到达海沟底部）”可知，人类克服挑战的欲望导致了创新。故选A。【30题详解】推理判断题。 根据第三段 u Exploration has great value. It inspires us, widens our knowledge and gives us hope for a better future. And the practical pa

29、yoffs can even be lifesaving探索有很大的价值。它激励我们，扩大我们的知识，给我们一个更好的未来的希望。而实际的回报甚至可以挽救生命）”；第四段中“The human drive to overcome challenges is an essential aspect of the human drive to explore, which, in most cases, spurs innovation.（A 类克服挑战的动力是人类探索动力的一个重要方面，在大多数情况下，探索动力会刺激创新）”以及最后一 段中“ We still have plenty to di

30、scover right here on Earth, and we eagerly await surprises from the newest worlds we find.（我们在地球上还有很多东西要发现，我们热切地等待着来自我们发现的最新世界的惊喜）”可推知，探 索地球仍然是富有成效的。故选D。DHumans have long gained pleasure from the smells of the natural world. For the most part, though, human beings are not their target market. For pl

31、ants, fragrances are a way to interact with insects and other animals. Their attraction for people happens simply by chance.In chemical terms, most natural fragrances are made up of volatiles - so called because of their tendency to change states suddenly. Volatiles evaporate easily, drifting into n

32、oses. In plants reproductive processes, smelly volatiles attract pollinators （授粉昆虫）.But their natural applications are much more varied. If an insect chews through the leaves of some Bursera plants, out shoots a sticky, smelly liquid to trap it. Coyote tobacco plants are even more crafty: upon sensi

33、ng the smell of hungry caterpillars, they produce volatiles that attract predators to kill the pests.What is truly amazing is just how wily plants can be in using their scents for reproduction. White flowers often emit their scent at night to attract nocturnal pollinators such as moths. They produce

34、 a dilute nectar （稀释的花蜜）that encourages moths to keep moving, rather than linger at a single bloom-all the better to increase pollination. Other flowers change their fragrance after being successfully pollinated, as a signal for insects to go elsewhere.But though “Scent“ is a story of plants clevern

35、ess, it is also a tale of the human kind. People have long used fragrances for their own purposes, particularly for use in religious ceremonies: perfume recipes on the walls of an Egyptian temple in Edfu demonstrate just how long ingredients have been mixed in pursuit of the best blend. So highly pr

36、ized were some scents that, to scare off competitors, Arab traders spread a legend about giant eagles that guarded cinnamon.Eventually scientists no longer needed natural sources for fragrances. In 1866 a fragrance molecule was produced fbr the first time. Sixteen years later, Houbigant Parfiim rele

37、ased Fougere Royale, the first “modem fantasy perfilme, that creates an imaginary scent rather than copying a natural one. Nowadays fragrance-making is dominated by man-made compounds, which can be reliably and affordably produced in large quantities.That has led to the mass production of smelly pro

38、ducts, from toilet paper to toothpaste. Scent is accordingly big business. It is said that a world-famous fragrance and flavour manufacturer that claims people interact with its products up to 30 times a day, had sales of 3.8bn last year.31. According to Paragraph 1 and 2, which would the author agr

39、ee with?A. Some plants might kill the pests with their smells.B Fragrance is a tool for plants to protect themselves.C. People interact with nature easily through fragrance.D. Fragrances are less important to humans than to animals and insects.32. What does the underlined word prized“ in Paragraph 4

40、 most probably mean?A. Developed.B. Rewarded.C. Mixed.D. Valued.33. What can we learn from the passage?A. Humans do not use fragrances as purposefully as plants do.B. Natural sources for fragrances will be out of date in the future.C. Plants use fragrances to both attract and send away pollinators.D

41、. Man-made fragrances have to be produced by copying natural ones.34. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Plants Smell, Insects PreyB. Smartness behind FragranceC. Fragrance: To Make or Not to MakeD. Fragrance Connects Human & Nature【答案】31. B 32. D 33. C 34. B【解析】【导语】这是

42、一篇说明文。对植物来说，香味是与昆虫和其他动物互动的一种方式。它们对人的吸引力完 全是偶然发生的。文章主要说明了植物是如何通过香味来保护自己以及繁殖的。31题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中 “If an insect chews through the leaves of some Bursera plants, out shoots a sticky, smelly liquid to trap it. Coyote tobacco plants are even more crafty: upon sensing the smell of hungry caterpillars, they

43、 produce volatiles that attract predators to kill the pests.（如果一只昆虫咬穿 了一些 Bursera 植物的叶子，就会 喷出一种粘性的、有臭味的液体来困住它。土狼烟草植物甚至更狡猾：一旦嗅到饥饿毛虫的气味，它们就 会产生挥发物，吸引捕食者杀死害虫）”可推知，作者认同香味是植物保护自己的工具。故选B。【32题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词后文 “to scare off competitors, Arab traders spread a legend about giant eagles that guarded cinnamon可知

44、，为了吓跑竞争对手，阿拉伯商人传播了一个关于守护肉桂的巨鹰的传说，可见有 些香料非常珍贵，让商人通过传说来吓跑竞争对手。故画线词意思是“宝贵的。故选D。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“What is truly amazing is just how wily plants can be in using their scents for reproduction.White flowers often emit their scent at night to attract nocturnal pollinators such as moths. They produce a dilu

45、tenectar （稀释的花蜜）that encourages moths to keep moving, rather than linger at a single bloom-all the better to increase pollination. Other flowers change their fragrance after being successfully pollinated, as a signal for insects to go elsewhere.（真正令人惊奇的是植物在利用它们的气味进行繁殖时是多么的狡猾。白花通常在夜间散发气 味，以吸引夜间传粉者，如飞

46、蛾。它们产生稀释的花蜜，鼓励飞蛾不断移动，而不是停留在一个单一的花 期，这更好地增加授粉。其他花朵在成功授粉后会改变它们的香味，作为昆虫转移到其他地方的信号）”可 知，植物利用香味来吸引和赶走传粉者。故选C。【34题详解】主旨大意题。根据第段“Humans have long gained pleasure from the smells of the natural world. For the most part, though, human beings are not their target market. For plants, fragrances are a way to in

47、teract with insects and other animals. Their attraction for people happens simply by chance.（长期以来，人类一直从自然界的气味中获得快乐。不过，在大多数情况下，人类并不是它们的目标市场。对植物来说，香味是与昆虫和其他动物互动的一种 方式。它们对人的吸引力完全是偶然发生的）”结合文章主要说明了植物是如何通过香味来保护自己以及繁 殖的。可知，B选项“香味背后的聪明机智”最符合文章标题。故选B。第二节（共5小题海小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将

48、该项 涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。How Sociologists Define CultureCulture is one of the most important concepts within sociology because sociologists recognize that it plays a crucial role in our social lives. It is important for shaping social relationships, maintaining and challenging social order, determining how

49、 we make sense of the world and our place in it, and in shaping our everyday actions and experiences in society. 35Tn brief, sociologists define the non-material aspects of culture as the values and beliefs, language, communication and practices that are shared in common by a group of people. Expanding on these catego