2023年考研英语一真题及详细解答().docx

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1、2023年考研英语一真题Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,CorD on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that

2、_1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by _2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big _3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samlesof information they were working with. _4, he theorised that a judge _5 of apperaring too soft _6 c

3、rime might be more likely to send someone to prison _7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the _9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others _10 randomly

4、 for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsoho suspected the truth was 11.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. Theinterviewers had_13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale _14 numerous factorsinto consideration. The scores were _15used in con

5、junction with an applicants score on theGranduate Managent Adimssion Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is16 out of 800points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsoho found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more

6、 higher than that of the one _17 that, then the score for the nextapplicant would _18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to _19the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been _20.1.A grantsBsubmitsC transmitsDdelivers2.

7、|A minorB|objectiveCcrucialD external3.|A issueB visionCJpictureDexternal4.A For exampleB On averageCIn principleDAbove all5.A fondB fearfulCcapableD thoughtless6.Al inBionC toD for7.A ifB untilCthoughD| unless8.|A promoteB emphasizeC shareDsuccess9.A decisionB qualityC statusD success10.A chosenB s

8、tudiedCfoundD identified11.A exceptionalB defensibleC replaceableD otherwise12.|A inspiredB | expressed|C| conductedD secured13.A assignedB ratedC matchedDJ arranged14.A putB gotC gaveD took15.A insteadBthenC everD rather16.A selectedB passedC markedfD introduced17.|A beforeB after|C| aboveD below18

9、.IA| jumpB floatC drop|D fluctuate英语（一）试题参考答案及解析 Section I Use of English1 .【答案】A grants/Ip【解析】第一句提到“总体而言，当人们自己做决定时，并不擅长考虑背景信息.“第二句顺接上文，“乍一看这是一种优势“，that引起定语从句，这种优势使人们 具有一种能力，即能够做出不受外界因素彩响的不带偏见的决定.B选项submit “服 从，提交”，不能与ability连用，C选项transmit “传输，发射”，也不能与abil- ity搭配，D选项deliver “传递”,同样不能与ability搭配.A, C,

10、 D无论从搭配 上还是意思上邰不合适.槌项grant本身具有赋予，授予的意思.故答案选A.2 .【答案】D external【解折】external外部因素和上文的back ground皿的工松1例信义复现,不考虑背 景信息，不受外界因素熹响.A选项ano工次要的，B选项objective客观的, C选项 crucial残酷的，D选项external外部的，故答案选D.3 .C picture【解析】第三题本句but引起句意转折.“但是XX推测不考虑大局会导致决策者被日 常接触的信息影响而带有偏见.首先注意到空前面有定冠词the,指代上文信息. 即不考虑背景信息、不考虑大环境,而大局，大环境的

11、表达，此处选择picture是最 贴切的A选项issue问题，B选项vision想象力，美景都不合适，故答案选C.4 .【答案】A For example【解析】通读后面的句子,提到了法官与被告，这明显是生活当中的一个具体的实 出现数字.C选项in principle 大体上.原则上”，后面需要出现的是总结性的话 港，D选项above all 首先力是用来列举条目，将BCD排除.例，故答案选A.而B选项on average“平均，通常”,出现的话，周围往往应该要5 .【答案】B fearful【解析】从句意上来看“例如，他们提出理论，认感官不敢在罪行面前表现得太 软弱，如果当天已经宣判五六名被

12、告执行缓刑，那么他很有可能将下一个人送入监狱 .A选项fond of喜欢，B选项fear of惧怕，C选项cap able of有能力，D选项 thoughtless of考虑不周，故答案选B.6 . t答案】B on【解析】根据句内的逻辑关系，在对待犯罪行为方面害怕表现出太钦弱，在0. 方面，关于的表达应该用介词。n,故答案为B.7 .【答案】A if【解析】A if表条件.B选项until表时间，往往跟not连用，直接排除.C选项 though表让步，D选项uni ess相当于if. not .通读空格所在的前后句子，得出这 两句之间的逻辑关系是表示条件的.8 .【答案】D test【解析

13、】苜先注意到idea前面有定冠词this,很明显指代上文提出的观点,而且跟 上文以法官为例一样，下文“他们把注意力转向大学录取过程”也是上文观点的例证 .目的是对上文的观点进行检验，而不是糙项“促进”，B选项“强调”或遍项“ 分享”，故答案选D,13.【答案】B rated【辞析】本题末尾oneto five （从一到五）,前面又有一个onscale (的范围）,A分配D排列语义上说不通，再综合后面的factor （因素），对比一下，只有B （划分等级），整合起来，即划分成一到五个等级，合情合理C match看似与to搭配但也不符合文意，故正确答案为B.14 . t答案】D took【解析】本

14、题需联系军句话takeinto consideration （考虑,涉及）,从形式上 来说没有问题，再从意义上来看，说“这个等级考虑了几种因素”，是对上文评级 的进一步解释，也没有问题.15 .（【答案】B then【解析】还是承接上文讲到的评级得分，后半句讲到的是（平时学校等级）考试得分 ，再结合中间conjunct on一词（联接），可以推断为then （具有承接之意），因此 为正确答案，而A和D为同一意义和用法（代替），与conjunct ion相冲突，C说不通， 故也为错误选项.16【答案】C marked【话折】本题出在一个非限定性定语从句上，先行词为a standardized e

15、xam,后半 句是80。分，考试和分数之间首选marked,选项B通过具有一定的干扰性，但注意主语 是考试，所施确选项为C.A烟关选项.17 .【答案】A before【解析】本句属于比较级，对比的是几个面试者的分数，C、D是空间上的上下，而这 里缺的时1 间上的先后，故搽除C和D, B是“之后”，不符合语言先后逻辑，故正确答 案为A.18 .【答案】C drop【解析】解本题需往下看. tothe effects of such a decrease, 由此可以判断接 下来那个应聘者的分数是出现了下降,故正确选项C.19 .【答案】B undo【解析】该句为不定式作主语，“(面试考官可能给)

16、更低的分数”所带来的影响, 可以推断，是消除或是抵消这种不利结果，应聘者需要在GMAT中多拿30分，A “达到 ”，C “保持” D “漠视”明显不符，故B为正确答案.20 .【答案】C necessary【解析】该题难度较大，需把句意弄懂,也就是“这30分是比所多的”建议把四个 选项分别代入空格处，A有前途的，B可能的，C必须的，D有帮助的，对比之后，只有 C最建辑Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 121.【答案】(insensitivity to fashion)【解析】事实细节题.根据题干，首先定位到首段,由文章第一句后半句 “scol

17、ds her unattractive assistant fox imagining that high fashion doesn t affect her. ”意思是：“批评她没有魅力的助理，因为助理认为高级 时尚对她的生活影响不大”.可知criticize是对scolds的同义替换，B项中的“in-sensitivity to fashion je imagining that high fashion doesn t affect her. w的同义替换.所以B项为正确答案.A项在文中并未提及，属于无中生有C项和D项是对文簟第一句的曲解.22 . 【答案】 (shop for the

18、ir garments more frequently)【解析】事实细节题.根据题干，苜先定位到第二段.由倒数第二句these labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable, ,and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.意思是“这些商标(畅 销商标)促使有时尚意识的消费者将服装看成是用完就可以丢弃的，并且每周 更新他们的衣橱.D选项shop fox their garments more frequently的苴思是 “更加频繁地购买服装，正好是ren

19、ew their wardrobe every few weeks”的同 义替换.A, B, C项均属于无中生有项.23 .【答案】 (accusation)【解析】词义题.题干中需要猜测词义的单词出现在第二段的第一句“the fe- vensh world described in Overdressed Elizabeth Cline s three-year m- dictment of fast fashion, 再结合选项可知,“indictment是ElizabethCline对“快时时”的一种态度.因此，解答此题的关键在于联系上下文语境.找到Elizabeth Cline对“快时

20、尚”的态度由第二段最后一句By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.” ，意思是“Cline说，通过以特别低的价格销售潮流物品，这些品牌破坏了潮流周期 ，动摇了这个长久以来习惯于季节周期的产业”.由“hijack”和“shaking”可知 .Cbne对“快时尚”应该是持否定态度的，所以选项A “accusation (

21、谴责)”是24 . 【答案】 (pricing is vital to environmental-friendly purchasing)【解析】推理判断题.根据题干，可定位到最后一段.解题关腱在于Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can t afford not t/ ,意思是“每个人都很虚束，这很常见。但消费者付不起太 多东西的时候，他们才会以更加可持续的方式去购物.“这句的关键词是“afford” 和 shop more sustainably 对应于D项中的

22、“pricing”和 aenvironmental- friendly purchasing” A项对于本段的曲解.B项说的是“忽视环境的可持续发展 , 与文中 “several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment”(一些时尚服饰公司已经做出努力减少对劳动力和环境)意思相悖。C项文中未提及。25 .【答案】 (criticism of the fast-f ashion industry)【解析】主旨大意题.此题考查时全文主旨大意的准确归纳。从整个文

23、章脉络来看,文箪的第一段用事例引入.第二段讲到文章的王题“快时尚”.并指出它破坏了时 尚周期，动捡了时尚产业.第三四段指出“快时尚”这种变革的弊端，比如，给自然 资源造成压力、使用大量有害的化学物质、浪费现象.最后两段提到斜对“快时尚” 的不良影晌，可以采取的解决办法.由此可知，C项统领全文，为正确答案.A, B,D项都不是文章所论述的中心主题.Text 226 .【答案】(lower their operational costs)【解析】事实细节题.根据题干，首先定位到首段.这段的大意是厂告经费的一 半都浪费掉了，但是通过“behavioral ads”可以追踪购买者的搜索习惯和评价,使

24、得广告更有针对性，从而降低预菖成本，也就是“this fraction can be much reduced” . A、B和C选项文中并未提及，属于无中生有.27 .【答案】 (internet browser developers)【解析】词义句意题.the industry在语篇中是指代前面的出现内容，而前面出 现的Microsoft Internet Explorer* Apple* s Safair 和Google s Chrome都是D 选项中中的 Internet browser developers.B和C选项文中并未提及，属于无中 生有.糙项并非本段中谈论的核心.28 .【答

25、案】(will not benefit consumers)【解析】推理判断题,解题关键在于“ consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferencesA，, 也就是说. 当浏览器开发者不能收集消费者网上购物倾向时，消费并不能从中受益.B、C和D选 项文中并未提及，属于无中生有.29 . 1 答案】(DNT may not serve its intended purpose)【解析】推理判断题.根据题干，可以定位到第六段.解题关犍在于理解本段的行 又逻辑，即un

26、able to tell whether* *eor whet her, some may ignore ”.也就 是说“由于不能译别有些王体是真正反对行为厂告，也不能辨别它们支持微软的做法 ，有些人甚至忽视DNT,继续先前的做法.”可此可见，B项符合题意.A、C和D选项 内容在本段中均没有提及.30 .【答案】(skepticism)【解析】观点态度题.根据题干，可以定位到文章最后一段倒数第二句，Brendon Lynch的博客中评论道：“我们认为消费者应该有更大的自主权(或蕈控权)”解 题关键在于最后一句Could it be really that simple?”,从中可明显看出作者

27、的怀疑态度,A项是“理解”，B项是“赞成”，邂项是“纵容”的意思.Text 331 .【答案】 our faith in science and technology【解析】事实细节题。根据出题的顺序性原则,可回文定位到文章第一段.该段落 共计两句话.第一句总体交代了过去人们对未来的畅想总体是积极，正面的(were largely positive).本题的正确答案就隐含在第二句话中.第二个句子实际上紧接 看第一句话，交代了积极畅想的原因在于“科学和技术能治愈人类的一切疾病”，由 此可确定本题的正确答案为B.选项A、D都错在因果倒置，lives of fulfillmentw以及，Y oppo

28、rtunity for all”都是科学、技术带来的结果，并非原因.选项C 属于无中生有，本段并没有提及任何与“ potential risks”相关内容，故择除. 32.【答案】 a sustained species【解析】题干间的是“濒危物种名单(Red List) ”意味看人类怎么样了？我们 根据“IUCN”和“Red List”很容易定位到第三段.首段说的是几十年前至今人们时 未来所持的态度，第二段出现转折，表明目前人们对于未来的危机意识加重.第三段 再次转折，表示第二段中人们所持态度是错误的，即“人类未来不会有太大的生存危 机”，并且在此段首句表明观点后，用各种信息去论证和支持这一

29、观点.“Red List很显然也是用来说明这个观点的，并且指出人类这个物种是widely distributedt adaptable, currently increasing,说的邰是人类迸化积极的一面.A选项说 ：濒危物种名单意味希入类是可以持久生存的物种，显然是正确选项.33 . 【答案】Oui Immediate future is hard to conceive.t解析】段落推断题.由本题的题干可以锁定本题的答案在文章的第五段.该 段首句为段落中心句，“与思考眼前的未来相比，对如此之长的时间跨度进行思考似 乎更为容易”，反过来思考也就是说，眼前的未来更难思考，符合D选项含义“我们

30、 眼前的未来很难去设想”.A选项“Arc帮助缩小了未来学研究的范围”，该选项在 文中出现在该段的最后一句话“这就是为什么我们可以发行Arc这样一个致力于研究 近期未来的全新出版物”，和题目含义有很大出入，故排除.B选项“技术为社会问 题提供了解决方法”，段中并未提到.C选项“对科幻小说的兴趣与日俱增”，该段 中虽在第二句提到科幻小说家，但并未提及对科幻小说的兴趣，故排除.正确答案为 D项 “Our immediate future is hard to conceive”.34 .【答案】 draw on our experience from the past【解析】殷溶细节题.由本题的题干

31、可以锁定本题的答窠在倒数第二自然段第二句 “As so often , the past holds the key to the future .”此题就是考查对 这句话的理解，“未来是掌握过去的关德. ”由此确定正确答案为B选项A、C、D 与题干无关，在原文中无直接体现，也不能归纳得出，故挖除.35 .【答案】The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind【解析】全文的主旨题.考查考生对全文主题的把握.通双全文，我们可发现作者对 未来是十分看好的,尤其在文箪最后一段最后一句But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce

32、many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier huaans, and to improve the lot of those to come.”作者直接借助这句 话重申主题.由此，本题正确答案应既包含“未来”，也应能体现出作者对未来的态 度。确定选项C为正确答案.选项A错在无中生有，全文当中对于未来，并无体现出对 于真的不确定：本文讲的是人类时于未来的看法，而不是讲人类的进化史，因此B错 误；D选项过于笼统，并未体现出作者的乐观态度，因此不时.Text 436 . 【答案】 overstepped the authorit

33、y of federal ivunicxation law.【解析】事工细节题.principles that federal laws precede state laws axe noncontroversial axe noncontrouersiaL说明联邦法律高于州的法律是无可争辩的 . 答案选项they overstepped the authority of federal imniigration law.”他们（亚利桑那州的法案）逾越了联邦法案.就是时文中这句话的反义改 写.Overstep为同义替换原文中的工ntrude$ authority同义替换了privileged

34、powers.属于同义置换.37 .【答案】States legitimate role in immigration enfo工cement.州政府在 移民法案实施中的合法地位.【解析】第四段主要说明了，州警察依然可以核实移民的法律地位.国会设想joint federal-state iRjiiigration enforcement联合实施移民法案。同时，encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal col- leagues.国会鼓励州警察与联邦同事分享信息以及相互合作.其他选项的with

35、hold, independence, inte工vent中也没有提到.属于过度推断.38 .【答案】(Stood in favor of the states)【解析】第五段最后一句：唯一的最主要的反对来自法官Antomno Scalia,这个法 官“defense”是支持州的权利的，going back to”可追溯到Alien and Sedition Acts,证明这个法毕支持州的权利的.金岑不39 .【答案】(outweighs that held by the states.) 联邦政府的权利大过州的实施权利【解析】第六段The White House认为亚利桑那州的法律跟白宫的法

36、律实施权利冲 突.In effect后面表达的是重点：如果这些州的法律跟它有冲突的话，白宫声明它 有权利宣布具它州的法律无效.19. A achieve20. |A| promisingB undoB possibleC maintainC| necessaryD disregardD helpfulSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark y

37、our answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2023 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesnt affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistants sweater descen

38、ded over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldnt be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Clines three-year

39、 indictment of fast fashion, In the last decade or so ,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara ,H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. Th

40、ese labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they dont advertise that -and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shak

41、ing an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources,

42、 and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion worlds answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollans The Omnivores Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful/7 Cline argues. Americans, she finds, b

43、uy roughly 20 billion garments a year - about 64 items per person - and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2023 has made all of her own clothes - and beautiful

44、ly. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example cant be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment - including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line -Cline believes la

45、sting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they cant afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for herA poor

46、 bargaining skill.|B| insensitivity to fashion.|C obsession with high fashion.40. 【答案】 (The Administration is dominant over iwni;ration issues.)(政府在移民问题上占据看主导地位)【解析】本段第一句话，联邦政府确实有一些exclusively (专门地)权利，比如控 制居民以及边界。这就暗示了移民问题上，政府当局是具有主导权利的。Part B41. 【答案】G (These issues all have root causes m human beha

47、vior.)【解析】此题可以通过上下文的衔接和代词指代来确定答案.空格前一句谈到“这 种巨大的能源不是当今全球问题的主要影晌因素，这些问题包括气候变化、安全、可 持续发展和健康问题”，空后谈到“人类有必要的农业技术工具来消除饥饿”，空格 处应该填入的选项可以连接前后句的内容,既包括谈及到全球问题，又谈及到解决问 题的选项只有顷.该项首句提到的these issues即指代空前所提及的全球问题，以 及该项第二句的climate change举例说明即是空前所列出的问题之一，并且该项提及 嬴蕨变化的可题，很好的启示了下文.42. 【答案】C (Despite these factors.)【解析】本题可以通过连贯性原则和代词指代来确定答案.上段末句提到“问题 也带有社会因素：对食物的组织和分配，财产和财富”，空格后谈到“这是一种耻辱 ,社会应该抓住机会提升它在真实世界中的影响”，并且应用了社会科学家的话语来 表明应该采取行动，即：上段末句提到的问题，空前谈到存在问题，那么接下来应该 解决问题，但是空后谈到这是一种耻辱，然后纠正应该解决问题，所以空格处应该承