2022-2023学年陕西省渭南市高一上学期期末考试英语试题 （解析版）.docx

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1、20222023学年度第一学期期末教学质量调研高一英语试题注意事项：1.本试题共10页，满分150分，时间120分钟。2 .答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名和准考证号填写在答题卡上。3 .回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需 改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在 本试卷上无效。4 .考试结束后，监考员将答题卡按顺序收回，装袋整理;试题不回收。第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题，每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选

2、项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读 一遍。1. What does the woman suggest doing?A. Going on a diet. B. Seeing a play. C. Having some ice cream.2. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Neighbors. B. Salesman and customer. C. Husband and wife.3. What did the man do?A. He did the

3、dishes. B. He took out the rubbish C. He washed the clothes.4. Where can the woman find her umbrella?A. At the ticket counter. B. Under the chair. C. In the Lost & Found office.5. How many times has the man stayed at the hotel before this visit?A. Twice. B. Once. C. Three times.第二节（共15小题，每小题1. 5分，满分

4、22. 5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中 选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各 小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. What is the man doing?【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述一项新的研究报告显示，成年人学习第二语言的速度和孩子一样快。成年人可以通过语言学习来增加神经连接，并且介绍了学语言需要的环境。【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段 uHowever, adults can study a second la

5、nguage as fast as children, a new study reports.（然而，一项新的研究报告显示，成年人学习第二语言的速度和孩子一样快。）”可知，第一段的新 研究发现成年人学习第二语言的速度和孩子一样快。故选C项。13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段 “ I think it is the reason why people think university foreign language teaching is good. It shows that, even with limited time in the college classroom, learn

6、ing can happen quite quickly and well, said professor Alison Gabriele, the co-author of the paper.（我认为这就是人们认为大学外语教学好的原 因。研究报告的合著者艾莉森加布里埃尔教授说：“这表明，即使在大学课堂上的时间有限，学习也可 以学得又快又好。可知，艾莉森加布里埃尔想到了在大学课堂上学习一门语言是成功的。故选A 项。【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段 “Further research has shown that learning a language as a family eff

7、ort improves everyones abilities and gives opportunities fbr learning something that are mostly absent from classroom settings. （进一步的研究表明，在家庭中学习一门语言可以提高每个人的能力，并提供了学习课堂环境中缺乏的东西 的机会。）”可知，把学习一门语言作为家庭努力的好处是有更多的机会在不同的情况下学习。故选D 项。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段 uLanguage learners need to be brave. Besides, they shou

8、ld ready themselves formaking mistakes and receive othersadvice.（语言学习者需要勇敢。此外，他们应该为犯错误做好准备，接受别人的建议。）”可知，语言学习者乐于接受别人的评价。故选C项。第二节（共5小题，每小题2. 5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。How do you wake up in the morning? Do you set an alarm on your phone or clock that sounds like this: beep bee

9、p beep? 16 Sleep inertia is another term for grogginess, which means a person has a heavy feeling when waking up, and has trouble getting moving again after sleeping.17 A recent study says yes. The answer is music. Researchers say alarms that have a melody-like thebeginning of this song-can help peo

10、ple feel fresher in the morning.The study, carried out by researchers in Australia, involved 50 people. The study subjects answered questions about the alarm sound they like to wake up to, how they feel about that sound and how they feel when they wake up. 18 However, it is early days and more work

11、is needed to fully know the answer.So, what makes musical alarms better for waking up? The researchers think the music may be more successful in reducing grogginess because it has several tones, compared to the single tone of a “beeping“ alarm. 19 And is there a kind of music that is best to wake up

12、 to? There may be. 20However, no matter how you wake up, experts say, the amount of sleep you get also matters a lot.A. Can musical alarms work wonders?B. So is there a better way to do the trick?C. This can help you fall asleep more quickly and easily.D. Alarm sounds that are easy to hum or sing al

13、ong with may be good choices.E. The researchers found that people who wake up to musical alarms reported feeling more awake.F. The changes between the music tones may help increase a persons attention when waking.G. That hard, unpleasant sound may be making it harder to shake off the sleepy feeling.

14、【答案】16. G 17. B 18.E19. F 20. D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了闹钟类型会影响人们醒来的状态，并介绍了有关说明。【16题详解】根据上文 “How do you wake up in the morning? Do you set an alarm on your phone or clock that sounds like this: beep beep be叩?（你早上是怎么醒来的？你是否在手机或闹钟上设置了 “哗哗哗”这样的闹钟？）”以及 后文 “Sleep inertia is another term for grogginess, whi

15、ch means a person has a heavy feeling when waking up, and has trouble getting moving again after sleeping.（睡眠惯性是昏昏沉沉的另一种说法，意思是一个人醒来时感 觉很沉重，入睡后很难再行动起来）”可知，本句是在说明闹钟吵醒会导致醒来昏沉的感觉。故G选项“那刺耳的、不愉快的声音可能会使你更难摆脱困倦的感觉”符合语境，故选G。【17题详解】不艮据后文 u A recent study says yes. The answer is music. Researchers say alarms t

16、hat have a melody-like the beginning of this song-can help people feel fresher in the morning.（最近的一项研究给出 了 肯定的答案。答案是 音乐。研究人员说，有旋律的闹钟一一就像这首歌的开头一一可以帮助人们在早上感觉更清新）”可知，后 文提到了给出了答案，可知本句为针对上文被闹钟吵醒设问句，故B选项“那么有没有更好的方法来做到 这一点呢？ ”符合语境，故选B。【18题详解】 根据上文 “The study, carried out by researchers in Australia, involv

17、ed 50 people. The study subjects answered questions about the alarm sound they like to wake up to, how they feel about that sound and how they feel when they wake up.（这项研究由澳大利亚的研究人员进行，共有50人参与。研究对象回答了关于他们喜欢醒来时 听到的闹钟声音、他们对这种声音的感觉以及他们醒来时的感觉等问题）”可知，上文提到了关于闹钟声音 的研究，可知本句应是说明研究的发现。故E选项“研究人员发现，被音乐铃声吵醒的人感觉更清

18、醒”符 合语境，故选E。【19题详解】根据上文 “So, what makes musical alarms better for waking up? The researchers think the music may be more successful in reducing grogginess because it has several tones, compared to the single tone of a “beeping” alarm.（那么，是什么让音乐闹钟更适合起床呢？研究人员认为，这种音乐在减少昏昏沉沉方面可能更成 功，因为它有几个音调，而“嘟嘟”警报只有一个

19、音调）”可知，上文提到了音乐有几个音调，即存在音调 变化。故F选项“音乐音调之间的变化可能有助于增加一个人清醒时的注意力”符合语境，故选F。【20题详解】根据上文 “And is there a kind of music that is best to wake up to? There may be .（有没有一种音乐是醒来时最好 的？可能有）”可知，本句承接上文说明有助于醒来的音乐类型。故D选项“容易哼唱的闹钟声音可能是 不错的选择”符合语境，故选D。第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选

20、项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。My father would take me to the Queens County Farm Museum to see the sheep, lambs, horses, cows, chickens. I 21 for a friend who had raised many wild animals. And I also did part-time work with other farmers. I wanted to gain some working 22.I also wanted to do the work that gave me

21、 target and 23 my longtime dream of working hands-on with 24. So I researched online and found a（n） 25 at a natural reserve in Zimbabwe. I didnteven know where that was on a map! But they 26 me for a three-week program, which turned into a year.We were researching and 27 the animals. Wed go out in a

22、 truck and make sure they were safe28 and uninjured. There were days when we discovered animals 29 in a trap, bleeding, and we calmed them down in order to 30 hem. Traps can cause serious pain and sometimes even31.We built bomas-secure enclosures （围墙）for the animals to sleep and 32 they were doing w

23、ellwith their babies. We walked with the white rhinos, taking them to 33 enclosures and enrichment （强化）areas to stimulate （刺激）their mind with new smells and features. The lions needed enrichment programs too, so we made toys and built play areas for them.Seeing these animals 34 under human care and

24、being able to live in harmony, I realized this iswhat I was35to do.21. A. washedB. graduatedC. workedD. flashed22. A. experienceB. populationC. audienceD. extinction23. A. observedB. realizedC. performedD. charged24. A. volunteersB. foreignersC. animalsD. insects25. A. habitatB. tipC. communityD. pr

25、ogram26. A. acceptedB.exchangedC. masteredD. suffered27. A. admiringB. impressingC. removingD. tracking28. A. concernedB. cuteC. healthyD. worthwhile29. A. caughtB. rentedC. buriedD. attempted30. A. warnB. cureC. puzzleD. punish31. A. progressB. angerC. functionD. death32. A. adapted toB. made sureC

26、. tried outD. belonged to33. A. awkwardB. differentC. confidentD. virtual34. A. livingB. provingC. crowdingD. clicking35. A. pressedB. confusedC. supposedD. forced【答案】21. C 22. A23. B 24. C25. D 26. A 27. D28. C 29. A 30. B 31.D 32. B 33. B34. A 35. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者喜欢和动物打交道，所以参加了一个津巴布韦的动物保护项

27、目，研究和追踪动物，文章介绍了他们为动物保护所做出的努力和作者的感悟。21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我为一个养过许多野生动物的朋友工作。A. washed洗；B.graduated毕业；C.worked工作；D.flashed闪烁。根据下文“many wild animals”可知，指作者为一个养过很多野生动物的朋 友工作过。故选C项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想增加一点工作经验。A. experience经验,经历；B. population人口； C. audience 观众；D. extinction 灭绝。根据上文 uI worked fbr a friend.An

28、d I also did part-time work with other farmers.” 可知，作者从事这些工作是想获得一些工作经验。故选A项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我也想做能给我目标的工作，实现我长期以来与动物打交道的梦想。A.observed 观察；B. realized 意识到，实现；C. performed表演;D. charged 负责。根据后文 “my longtime dream”可知，作者也想做能给自己目标的工作，实现长久以来的梦想。故选B项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我也想做能给我目标的工作，实现我长期以来与动物打交道的梦想。A.volun

29、teers志愿者；B. foreigners外国人；C. animals动物；D. insects昆虫。上文提到父亲会带作者去博物馆 看动物，作者也从事和动物相关的工作，由此可知，作者长久以来的梦想是和动物实际接触。故选C项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我上网查了一下，在津巴布韦的一个自然保护区找到了一个项目。A.habitat栖息地；B.tip建议，小费；C.community社区；D.program计划，项目。根据下文“Butthey6 me for a three-week programn可知，作者在津巴布韦的一个自然保护区找到了一个项目。故选D项。【26题详解】考查动词

30、词义辨析。句意：但他们接受我参加一个为期三周的项目，后来变成了一年。A.accepted接受；B. exchanged 交换；C. mastered 掌握；D. suffered 遭受。根据下文 “ We were researching and 7 theanimals.可知，作者开始参与项目，所以此处指他们“接受” 了作者。故选A项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们在研究和追踪这些动物。A. admiring钦佩；B.impressing使印象深刻；C. removing 移除；D. tracking 追踪。根据下文 “Wed go out in a truck and make

31、 sure they were safe（我们会开着 卡车出去，确保他们的安全）”可知，他们在研究和追踪这些动物，保护动物的安全。故选D项。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们会开着卡车出去，确保他们安全、健康、没有受伤。A. concerned关心 的；B. cute可爱的；C. healthy健康的；D. worthwhile值得的。根据上文“safe”及下文的“uninjured”可 知，作者要确保动物们安全、健康、没有受伤。故选C项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些日子，我们发现动物被困在陷阱里，流血不止，为了治愈它们，我们让它 们平静下来。A. caught逮捕，绊

32、住；B. rented租赁；C.buried埋葬；D. attempted尝试。根据空后的“bleeding” 及下文 “Traps can cause serious pain and sometimes even” 可知,有几天他们发现了被困在陷阱 里流血的动物，故选A项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些日子，我们发现动物被困在陷阱里，流血不止，为了治愈它们，我们让它 们平静下来。A. warn警告；B. cure治愈；C.puzzle使困惑；D. punish惩罚。根据上文“bleeding”可知陷 阱造成动物流血，所以让它们平静下来是要治愈它们。故选B项。31题详解】考查名词

33、词义辨析。句意：陷阱会导致严重的疼痛，有时甚至死亡。A. progress进步；B. anger愤怒；C. function功能；D.death死亡。even表示递进关系，所以此处指“严重的疼痛甚至死亡”。故选D项。【32题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们为这些动物建造了安全的围栏，让它们睡觉，并确保它们和它们的宝宝相 处得很好。A. adapted to适应；B. made sure确保；C.tried out试验；D. belonged to属于。根据上文“We built bomas-secure enclosures （围墙）for the animals to sleep,可知，建

34、造安全围栏是为了确保它们和宝宝相 处得很好。故选B项。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们和白犀牛一起散步，带它们去不同的围栏和丰富的区域，用新的气味和 特征来刺激它们的大脑。A. awkward尴尬的；B. different不同的；C. confident自信的；D. virtual虚拟的。 根据后文uenclosures and enrichment areas可知，这里是带它们去不同的围栏和丰富的区域，故选B。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到这些动物生活在人类的照顾下，能够和谐地生活，我意识到这就是我想要 做的。A. living 居住，生活;B. proving 证

35、明；C. crowding 拥挤；D. clicking 点击。根据下文 “being able to live in harmony可知，此处指这些动物生活在人类的照顾下，故选A项。35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到这些动物生活在人类的照顾下，能够和谐地生活，我意识到这就是我想要 做的。A. pressed按压；B. confused使困惑；C.supposed应该，认为；D. forced迫使。根据上文“my longtime dream of working hands-on with”可知，作者长久以来的梦想是和动物一起，be supposed to do意思 是“应该做某事”，

36、所以此处指作者意识到这就是作者要做的。故选C项。第二节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1. 5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Zhoukoudian is a small village lying about 50 kilometers to the southwest of Beijing City. In the 1920s, archaeologists discovered some prehistoric human bones there, 36 changed peoples view of Chinas history. They

37、37 （come） from an unknown species of man, and were the first evidence of human life inChina thousands of years ago. The remains were three teeth!In 1929, a complete skull (颅骨) 38 (dig) out. Eventually, archaeologists found almost 200 items, including 6 skulls and more than 150 teeth. These discoveri

38、es proved the existence of a human species who lived in the area between 700, 000 and 200, 000 years ago. Four sites where Peking Man and their 39 (relative)lived were discovered on the northern face of Longgushan.Zhoukoudian was listed 40 a World Heritage Site in December 1987. It has not only give

39、n41 (we) important information about prehistoric Asian societies, but also provided amazing evidence about the process of evolution. Today, parts of the caves have been 42 (bad) destroyed by rain. Some areas are almost completely covered in weeds, causing serious damage. Also, pollution 43 (cause) b

40、y the nearby factories has contributed to the problem. This is 44 very serious matter. The Chinese Academy of Sciences is doing all it can 45(raise) public awareness of it.【答案】36. which37. came 38. was dug39. relatives40. as 41. us42. badly 43. caused44. a 45. to raise【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了发现北京人头骨所带来

41、的深远意义以及周口店北京人遗址目前的状 况，以此来呼吁大家保护文化遗产。【36题详解】考查定语从句。句意：20世纪20年代，考古学家在那里发现了一些史前人类骨骼，这改变了人们对中国 历史的看法。此处是非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，且先行词为usome prehistoric human bones,应 用关系代词which引导。故填which。【37题详解】考查时态。句意：它们来自一个未知的人种，是几千年前中国有人类生活的第一个证据。根据上文In the 1920s”可知，应用一般过去时。故填came。38题详解】考查时态语态。句意：1929年，一个完整的头骨被挖掘出来。根据“In 1929

42、”可知，此处描述过去发生的 事情，所以应用一般过去时。动词dig意为“挖掘”，和主语构成被动关系。主语为第三人称单数。故填was dugo【39题详解】考查名词复数。句意：在龙鼓山北面发现了四处北京人及其亲属居住 遗址。relative意为“亲属”，为可 数名词，空格前没有冠词，应用复数形式。故填relatives。【40题详解】考查介词。句意：周口店于1987年12月被列为世界遗产。根据was listed”和“a World Heritage Site” 可知，此处是指周口店被列为世界遗产，应用介词as表示“作为”。故填as。41题详解】考查代词。句意：它不仅为我们提供了有关史前亚洲社会的

43、重要信息，而且提供了关于进化过程的惊人证 据。此处作动词的宾语、应用宾格。故填us。【42题详解】考查副词。句意：今天，部分洞穴被雨水严重破坏。修饰动词destroyed,应用副词badly表示“严重地”，作状语。故填badly。【43题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，附近工厂造成的污染也造成了这个问题。分析句子结构可知cause与逻辑主语polkition构成被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语。故填caused。【44题详解】考查冠词。句意：这是一个非常严重的问题。matter为可数名词，此处为泛指且very是发音以辅音音素开 头的单词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。45题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意

44、：中国科学院正在竭尽全力提高公众对此的认识。根据“doing all it can”和“public awareness”可知，竭尽全力的目的是提高公众的认识，应用todo不定式，作目的状语。故填toraise o第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.假如你是李华，近期你班组织讨论了学生课外上网的利弊。请你用英语写一篇短文，内容包括：1 .总结讨论结果；2 .呼吁正确使用互联网。注意：1 .词数100左右；2 .可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【答案】 With the development of computer technology, the Internet h

45、as become more and more popular. Tm going to give you a summary of our classs discussion about whether we should go online in our spare time.The following aspects could best illustrate the advantages of Internet. Resources are rich on the Internet where we can gain plenty of the knowledge. In additi

46、on, Internet offers us a convenient way to communicate with each other.The Internet also has its disadvantages, just as a coin has two sides. Firstly, some columns on the Internet may contain some unhealthy content that have a negative influence on us. Secondly, some students may be addicted to onli

47、ne games while ignoring their study.In my opinion, we need to make good use of the Internet and should not depend on it too much.【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假如你是李华，近期你班组织讨论了学生课外上网的利弊。请你用英语 写一篇短文，内容包括：1.总结讨论结果；2.呼吁正确使用互联网。【详解】1 .词汇积累越来越：more and more-increasingly得至U： gainobtain包含：contain-*include依靠： depend o

48、n-*rely on2 .句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：In addition, Internet offers us a convenient way to communicate with each other.拓展句：In addition, Internet offers us a convenient way that can help us communicate with each other.【点睛 J 高分句型 lIm going to give you a summary of our classs discussion about whether we should go online in our spare time.（运用 了 whether 引导的宾语从句）高