语法专练十：特殊句式--备战2023年高考一轮复习(新高考专用).docx

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1、【培根筑基】备战2023年高考语法专练十（新高考专用）特殊句式考点研析 多维讲练考点一祈使句、感叹句和省略句1 .祈使句祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为 第二人称（通常省略），有时也可用everybody, someone, anybody等不定代词。祈使句的4种形式：动词原形（+宾语+其他成分）；Be+表语，如 Be honest.；Lets/Let us do/not do sth.；祈使句+and/or+简单句（简单句谓语用一般将来时）。2.感叹句（l）what引导的感叹句What+a/an+M/. +可数名词单数+主语+谓语！What+M/. +可数名

2、词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语！What lovely children they are!他们是多么可爱的孩子啊！（2）how引导的感叹句How+a的.+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！110 + 力./4。0.+主语+谓语！How +主语+谓语！How interesting a story it is!=What an interesting story it is!这是多么有趣的一个故事啊！2.全国卷 HIt could be anything gardening, cooking, music, sports but whatever it is,(make) sure its

3、a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.1 .答案与解析：feeding考查省略句。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同 时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定者提供了很有用的经 验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略掉了 China iso根据省略句的原 则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句中，如从句的主语和主句的 主语一致且从句中含有be动词时，可把从句中主语和be动词一起省略，故填 feeding。2 .答案与解析：make句意：它可以是园艺、烹饪、听音乐、做运动等

4、任 何事情，但无论是什么，务必保证它是让你释放日常压力的，而不是让你担忧的 事。分析句子结构可知，并列连词but连接两个句子。句子中whatever引导让步 状语从句，其后应该是主句。祈使句可以充当主句，故该空填动词原形作谓语。:叁苕法技巧语法填空解题“2步骤”第1步：分析句式结构，确定是何种特殊句式；第2步：根据特殊句式的结构特点填入适当的词。三、语法填空2021 广东七校联合体第二次联考The origin of tea is lost among history and tales. 1.can be roughly confirmed is that tea originated in

5、 the southwest of China. According to ancient stories, the first person 2.(discover) the effects of tea is said to be Shennong-3.ancient figure devoted to agriculture and herbal medicine in China. Shennong once tried 74 different kinds of poisonous plants in a day and he 4.(lie) on the ground, barel

6、y alive. At this moment, he noticed several rather fragrant 5.(leaf) dropping from the tree beside him. Out 6.curiosity and habit, Shennong put those fragrant ones into his mouth and chewed 7. (they) slowly. After a little while, he felt well and 8.(energy) again, so he picked more to eat and thus c

7、leared poison off his body.The ancient Chinese medical book called Shennong Bencaojing states that “Tea tastes bitter. Drink it, 9.you will think quicker, move more swiftly and even see more clearly/9 This is the 10. (early) book to record the medicinal effects of tea.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。据古代故事记载，第一个发现茶叶功

8、效 的人是神农。文章主要介绍了神农发现茶叶及其功效的经过。1 .答案与解析：What考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导主语 从句，同时在从句中作主语，表示“的事物，故用what来引导该从句。2 .答案与解析：to discover考查非谓语动词。被only the firstthe second the last、the next或其他序数词和最高级修饰的名词，常用不定式作定语，故填 to discovero3 .答案与解析：an考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，3.ancient figure 作Shennong的同位语，表示一个古代人物，应用不定冠词修饰，且ancient的 发音以元音音素

9、开头，故填an。4 .答案与解析：lay考查动词的时态。根据该句中的once tried”可知，此 处的动作发生在过去，故要用一般过去时。5 .答案与解析：leaves考查名词的单复数。leaf意为“叶子”，为可数名词， 且根据该词前的修饰词several可知，此处要用其复数形式。6 .答案与解析：of考查介词。“out of curiosity”意为“出于好奇”，为固定 用法，符合语境。7 .答案与解析：them 考查代词。动词chewed后面要接人称代词的宾格形 式作宾语，故填them。8 .答案与解析：energetic考查词形转换。该句中的“felt”为系动词，后接 形容词作表语，故填

10、energetic。9 .答案与解析：and考查连词。分析句子结构可知，此处前后为逻辑上的 顺承关系，故用连词and。10 .答案与解析：earliest考查形容词的最高级。根据其前的“the”并结合语 境可知，此处表示神农本草经是最早记载茶叶的药用功效的著作，故填earliesto二、课后巩固练习1 .单句语法填空1. Only thenwe realize there was an earthquake. I was too frightenedto move.解析 句意：只有在那时我们才意识到地震发生了。我太害怕了以至于一动 不动。“only+状语”位于句首，后面的句子需要部分倒装。本句

11、介绍的是过去的 事情，需用一般过去时，故填did。答案did2. Tm sorry.it not been for my illness, I would have come and lent you a helping hand.解析 句意：对不起。要不是因为我生病，我就会过来帮你了。此处为与过 去事实相反的虚拟语气，即条件从句应为：If it hadnt been for my illness,将if 省去，需把had提到句首，变为倒装句式，故设空处填had,且had的首字母要 大写。答案Had3. It wasnt until in high school I began to trus

12、t other people again.解析句意：直到上了高中我才开始再次信任别人。本句考查强调句型“It is /was+被强调部分+that+其他成分”。答案that4. It is how you handle each challenge counts.解析 句意：你怎样处理每一个挑战很重要。本题考查强调句型（It is /was +被强调部分+that/who+其他成分）。本句中被强调部分为how you handle each challenge,故填 thato答案that5. Now, just in front of the house(stand) a tall tree

13、 with a history of 100 years.解析 句意：现在，就在这座房子前面耸立着一棵有100年历史的大树。表 示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词，后面的主语、谓语部分需用全部倒 装形式；根据时间状语Now可推知设空处需用一般现在时；本句主语为单数第 三人称，故填stands。答案 stands6. It is required that under no circumstances we betray ourselves evenif there are temptations like money or beauty.解析 句意：要求我们在任何情况下都不能背叛自己，即使

14、在像金钱、美色 的诱惑面前。在It is required后的that从句中，其谓语动词要用should +动词原 形。under no circumstances置于从句句首,故从句需部分倒装,故设空处填shouldo答案 should7. One has reason to believe that China*s anti-corruption over the past few years, tough it is, has achieved inspiring progress.解析 句意：有理由相信在过去的几年里中国的反腐活动取得了令人鼓舞的 成就，虽然该活动很艰难。as/thou

15、gh引导让步状语从句时采用了倒装形式。答案 as /though8. There is a house near the river. There lives a man in the house and there (be) a lot of fish in the river.解析 此处表示河里有很多鱼。此处fish指的是鱼不是鱼肉，fish单复数同 形，故谓语动词用复数are。答案 are9. Some of you may have finished Unit One. If，you can go on to Unit Two.解析 代替上面的情况，用so; if S。如果这样的话。句

16、意：你们中的一些人 已经完成了第一单元。如果这样的话，你们可以继续第二单元。答案SO10. WasBill, who played basketball very well,helped the blind man cross the road?Yes, of course. He is always ready to help others.解析 句意：比尔篮球打得非常好。是他帮助那个盲人过马路的吗？ 是的，当然是。他总是乐意帮助别人。第一句为强调句的一般疑问句形式, 即区$让+被强调部分+由煎椒1)0+其他成分？当被强调部分指“人时，既可 用that,也可用whoo答案 it; that

17、/whon.语法填空There (be) a girl named Cinderella whose stepmother had two ugly and lazy daughters. Not only did they get good cares, but also they needed to do nothing. However, 2 by doing dirty housework could Cinderella get access to food, and seldom could she 3 (gain) some rest. Not 4 midnight was sh

18、e allowed to go to bed. Poor 5 she was, she was very beautiful. One day, from the palace came6 invitation, saying that the prince would choose his wife. Away went her stepmother and her stepsisters to the palace. Never had Cinderella 7 (be) permitted to go with them. “ 8 (be) I a princess, I would l

19、ive a whole new life!” sighed Cinderella. No sooner had she sat down than a goddess appeared and gave her a smart dress, a cargo as well as horses. But she warned Cinderella that everything would disappear at 12 oclock. When Cinderella arrived at the party, 9 attractive was Cinderella that the princ

20、e only danced with her. Hardly had the clock stricken twelve when Cinderella began to run, and she left a crystal slipper on the stair. The princes servant came to Cinderella to find out the owner of the slipper. Cinderella elder sister couldnt wear it. 10 could the other sister. Not a word could an

21、ybody say when Cinderella wore the slipper perfectly. From then on she lived happily ever after with her prince.1. 2.3.4. 5.6.7. 8.9.10. 答案与解析【语篇解读】灰姑娘每天都要做很多家务，而继母和她的女儿们则整日欺负灰姑娘。王子举行选妃舞会，灰姑娘在仙女的帮助下，漂漂亮亮地参加了舞会, 并最终嫁给了王子。1. was此处是there be句型，主语为a girl,根据文章时态可知用过去时。 故填waso2. only 从could Cinderella get这

22、一部分倒装可以推断，前面是“only+状语 （介词短语）3. gain因seldom否定词放句首时，句子需要部分倒装，有情态动词could 提到主语前面了，因此gain用动词原形。4. until not until.置于句首时，用部分倒装。句意:直到半夜，她才被允 许睡觉。5. as /though因其表语poor提前，故用as /though引导让步状语从句。6. an作地点状语的介词短语from the palace提前，句子用完全倒装， invitation（请柬）作主语，因其以元音音素开头，故前面用不定冠词an。7. been因否定词放句首时，句子需要部分倒装，这是过去完成时的被动

23、语态，故填been。8. Were此处的Were I. .=If I were表示与现在事实相反的假设。9. so sothat“如此以至于“，是固定句式。“so +形容词”置于句首，句子用部分倒装。10. Neither /Nor灰姑娘的一个姐姐不适合，另一个姐姐也不适合，用neither /nor表示前面所述的一件事也不适合另一个人或物。3.省略句省略是高考经常涉及的语法点，常考的几种省略情况如下：状语从句的省略：在when, while, if, as if, though, as, whether等连词引导 的状语从句中，如果谓语有be,而主语又跟主句的主语相同或是it,则从句的主 语

24、和be常常省略。（2）不定式中的省略：在一定的上下文中为了避免重复，可以省略不定式中 和前面句子中相同的动词（短语），只保留不定式符号t。,否定形式的省略用not to, 但如果省略的不定式结构中含有be, have（作助动词用），通常保留be或have。（3）if引导的虚拟条件句的省略：当if从句中有had, should, were时，可以省 去if,同时把had, should, were置于句首。（单句语法填空）1. 2022亲日州高三质量预冽Jattractive and inviting Hangzhou is!2. Get up early tomorrow. If, you w

25、ill miss the early bus.考点二强调句强调句是高考考查的难点，在理解强调句时，学生要注意以下6点：1 .被强调部分是人时，连接词that/who都可以；非人时，用that。2 .强调句的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was + it+被强调的部分+ that/who +其他 部分。3 .强调句的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+其他部分？When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？4 .含 not. until的强调句型：It is/was not unti

26、l+.+that+其他部分。5 .把句子中的“It is/was. that/who”去掉之后，句子依然成立，就是强调句， 否则就不是强调句。6 .如果需要强调谓语，应用助动词do, does或did。The family did manage to send him to a technical school.家里的确设法让他上了技术学校O(单句语法填空)1 . 2022湖北襄阳四校联考Although it was ten years ago I read the book, it shows me a universal truth that books are friends, alw

27、ays pushing us to move2 .2022湖北荆门调研It wasnt until in high school I began to trustother people again.考点三两种形式的倒装句1 .部分倒装(1)将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组) 有：never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely. when., no sooner. than., not only. but also., not unti

28、l, nowhere, neither. nor.等。Not until I lost my job did I realize I should improve my working skills.直到我失业了，我才意识到我应该提高我的工作技能。(2) “only+状语”置于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。 Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.只有当你能找到内心的平静，你才能和别人保持良好的关系。so/suchthat结构中的so, such连同它所修饰的成

29、分共同位于句首表示 强调时，主句要用部分倒装。 Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步，以至于受到了表扬。(4)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor+助动 词/系动词/情态动词+主语”(so表示肯定意义，ne汕er/nor表示否定意义)。 I saw the film The Great Wall last week, so did she.我上周看了 电影长城, 她也看了。2.完全倒装here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down,

30、away, on the wall, in the room 等表示地 点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且句子主语为名词时，句子用全部 倒装。The Public Square is an eye-catching sight of the city. There stand many stone sculptures of famous historical figures.大众广场是这个城市引人注目的景点，许多历史名人的石雕像矗立在那里。学跟踪训练.(单句语法填空)1. Between rows of trees(stand) a new building, which is su

31、pposed to be our new library.2. 2022四川部分名校联测At the top of the hill(lie)an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city.小试牛刀1 .语法填空2022四川省高三第三次联考Located next to the Chishui River, Bingan, an ancient town in Guizhou Province, used to be an important gateway between Sichuan and Guizhou duri

32、ng the Ming and Qing dynasties. In addition to the 1.(new)constructed suspension bridge, only boats could make the town 2.(access). This heritage(遗产)of inconvenient transportation has preserved the towns traditional culture and structures so far.3. is difficult to find an area of flat land to build

33、residents* houses because the town 4. (found) in a mountainous region many years ago. However, locals quickly adopted existing technologies, such as silted(吊脚)houses with wooden framed, to satisfy basic military 5.economic needs. If viewed from across the river on the highway, a large number of thre

34、e to-five-storey houses6.（support） by hundreds of logs（原木）can be seen.There 7.（be） four stone gates on each side of the town, making Bing*an more a solid castle 8.a town.The new suspension bridge spans the Chishui River. Standing in the middle part of the bridge, visitors may get an overall view of

35、Bing*an town and the high mountains around. It is the best location 9.（take） photos.Along the blue stone pieces covered with moss, the old buildings shaded by woods take people back in time to ancient China. 10.（record） the history of the town, the old houses and walls look like faded pictures.n .写作

36、运用补全下面写作，注意特殊句式的运用。Dear Jane,1 .（时间过得真快！）! Pm delighted to hear from you. In your letter you asked me how to stay healthy. 2.（这是我的建议）.Firstly, you should keep a balanced diet 3.（不要吃高脂肪高糖食物）.You should eat more vegetables. Secondly, taking exercise every day helps build up a strong body. 4.（只有这样你才能够有

37、足够的 精力投入到学习中去）.As we all know, 5. （有规律的锻炼在保持我们的健康方面起 重要作用）.Finally, make sure you have enough sleep and you mustnt stay up too late at night.6. （正确地饮食和有 规律地锻炼，你会保持健康的）.7.（我 真希望我的建议有用）.Best wishes!Yours,Li Hua【培根筑基】备战2023年高考语法专练十（新高考专用）特殊句式考点研析多维讲练考点一1 .答案与解析：How 考查感叹句。根据该句中的“attractive and inviting

38、以及“How+a力：+主语+谓语！”结构可知，此处应用How来引导该感叹句。2 .答案与解析：not句意：明天早起。如果不早起的话，你将会错过早班 车。在if so/not省略句式中，so/not指代上一句的内容，根据miss the early bus 可知，设空处是指“不早起”。考点二1 .答案与解析：that分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句型，强调时间状语。 故填thato2 .答案与解析：that句意：直到上了高中我才开始再次信任别人。本句考 查强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分”，且强调时间状语。 故填thato考点三1 .答案与解析：stands句意

39、：几排树之间耸立着一座新建筑，应该是我们 的新图书馆。表示地点的介词短语位于句首，且句子主语为名词时，句子用完全 倒装语序，本句为一般性的描述，用一般现在时，主语a new building为第三人 称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填stands。2 .答案与解析：lies当介词短语置于句首时，句子应用完全倒装，去除修 饰部分 which has a wonderful view of the whole city 后，还原成正常语序为：An old cottage(lie) at the top of the hill.句意：山顶上坐落着一间能一览全城美 景的古老小屋。结合定语从句的时态

40、可以判断，此处应用一般现在时。故填lies。小试牛刀I .语法填空【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了我国贵州省的丙安古镇。1 .答案与解析：newly考查副词。句意：除了新建的悬索桥，只有坐船才 能到达这个镇子。本句中修饰过去分词constructed要用副词,newly constructed 意为“新建的”。2 .答案与解析：accessible考查形容词。句意：除了新建的悬索桥外，这 个城镇只有靠乘船才能到达。分析句子可知，在使役动词make和宾语后需要形 容词作宾补，accessible意为可到达的”,符合题意。3 .答案与解析：It考查形式主语。句意：因为这个镇子是多年前在一个

41、山区里被建立的，找到一块平原地区来建造住所是很困难的。分析句子可知，此 处需在固定句型It is +形容词+to do Sth.中作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的动 词不定式短语。4 .答案与解析：was founded考查时态和语态。句意：因为这个镇子是多 年前在一个山区里被建立的，找到一块平原地区来建造住所是很困难的。分析句 子可知，该句谓语动词found与主语之间为被动关系，符合被动语态，且根据时 间状语many years ago可知，此处动词应该使用一般过去时的被动语态。5 .答案与解析：and考查连词。句意：然而，当地人很快采用了现有的技 术，如搭建木结构吊脚楼以满足基本的军事和经济

42、需求。分析句子结构可知，此 空连接两个并列的定语military和economic,要用连词and。6 .答案与解析：supported考查非谓语动词。句意:如果从河对岸的高速 公路上看，能看到许多靠上百根原木支撑的三到五层的房子。本句为非谓语动词 作后置定语修饰houses,且support与之构成逻辑上的动宾关系。故使用其过去 分词形式。7 .答案与解析：are考查主谓一致。句意：在镇子的四面有四个石门，这 让丙安古镇更像是个坚固的城堡而非城镇。there be句型中应该使用就近一致原 则，其主语four stone gates为复数；且叙述客观事实，符合一般现在时。故be 动词使用are

43、。8 .答案与解析：than考查固定搭配。句意：在镇子的四面有四个石门， 这让丙安古镇更像是个坚固的城堡而非城镇。该句中有比较级more,结合句意 应搭配than表示“与其说不如说”。9 .答案与解析：to take考查非谓语动词。句意：这是最佳的拍照地点。 由句意可知，这里应使用不定式作后置定语修饰locationo10 .答案与解析：Recording考查非谓语动词。句意：记录着镇子的历史， 这些旧房子和墙面看起来就像一幅幅褪色的画卷。分析句子可知，这里需要非谓 语动词作状语，且record与逻辑主语the old houses and walls为主谓关系，故使 用其现在分词形式。11

44、.写作运用1. 答案：How time flies2. 答案：Here is my advice3. 答案： Dont eat food high in fat and too much sweet food4. 答案： Only in this way can you have enough energy to study better5. 答案：it is regular exercise that plays an important part in keeping us healthy6. 答案：Eat properly and exercise regularly and you w

45、ill stay healthy7. 答案：I do hope my advice is helpful特殊句式专题训练一、课堂真题演练一、完成句子1. 2020新高考山东卷读后续写正是因为约翰的好主意，这个小男孩才能 够帮助养家。this little boy could help support his family.2. 2019天津卷教授警告学生在他的课上决不能使用手机。The professor warned the students that on no account mobilephones in his class.3. 2016江苏卷直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区发展与旅游相

46、关的项目。Not until recently the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.4. 2020全国卷II满分作文我们度过了多么美好的时光啊！5. 2020.全国卷H满分作文我们刚到农场，就看到许多橘子挂满枝头。we saw many oranges hanging from the branches.1. It was because of Johns bright idea that2. should they use3. did they encourage4. What a wonderful time we had5. . Hardly had we arrived at the farm when语法填空解题技法二、语法填空1 . 2018全国卷 IIChinas approach to protecting its environment while (feed) its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide”.