2023年考研外语模拟卷8.docx

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1、考研外语模拟卷8一、Use of English1 A garage these days is a highly prized asset, likely to add as much as 10%15% to the value of a house, especially if its in a crowded suburb where street parking is difficult. It is (1)one of the most expensive additions you can make. A brick double (2)with an internal floo

2、r (3)of 350 square feet might cost 8-9,000, though you could (4) that by between a quarter and a half (5)you used direct labour or built it yourself. For the same (6)you (7) have 2 extra bedrooms and. a bathroom. (8)the prewar days when suburban gardens were (9)than a handkerchief, the garage was (1

3、0)as the motor house”. It usually stood at the (11)of the garden as far away from the (12)as possible. Nowadays, and not just for (13) of space, we (14)the garage to be (15)to the house or sometimes even inside (16)Normally, it (17)to be big (18) for two cars parked side by (19)though some builders

4、still cheat and provide a nose-to-tail unit which saves on space but is a nuisance to (20).C. love implies a transference of loyalty from one individual to anotherD.young couples without love will develop feelings of affection after marriage5、What does the word ineligible in para. 1 mean?A. improper

5、B.unqualifiedC. indecentD.dangerous6、People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nations economy would bring social chaos. In the years following 1820, after several decades of relative stability, the economy entered a period of

6、 sustained and extremely rapid growth that continued to the end of the nineteenth century. Accompanying that growth was a structural change that featured increasing economic diversification and a gradual shift in the nations labor force from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagricultural pur

7、suits.Although the birth rate continued to, decline from its high level of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, thepopulation roughly doubled every generation during the rest of the nineteenth century. As the population grew, its makeup also changed. Massive waves of immigration brought ne

8、w ethnic groups into the country. Geographic and social mobility一downward as well as upward一touched almost everyone. Local studies indicate that nearly three-quarters of the population in the North and South, in the emerging cities of the Northeast, and in the restless rural counties of the West cha

9、nged their residence each decade. As a consequence, historian David Donald has written, “Social atomization affected every segment of society”, and it seemed to many people that all the recognized values of orderly civilization were gradually being eroded. Rapid industrialization and increased geogr

10、aphic mobility in the nineteenth century had special implications for women because these changes tended to magnify social distinctions. As the roles men and women played in society became more rigidly defined, so did the roles they played in the home. In the context of extreme competitiveness and d

11、izzying social change, the household lost many of its earlier functions and the home came to serve as a haven of tranquility and order. As the size of families decreased, the roles of husband and wife became more clearly differentiated than ever before. In the middle classespecially, men participate

12、d in the productive economy while women ruled the home and served as the custodians of civility and culture. The intimacy of marriage that was common in earlier periods was rent, and a gulf that at times seemed unbridgeable was created between husbands and wives.What does the passage mainly discuss?

13、A. The economic development of the United States in the eighteenth centuryB. Ways in which economic development led to social changes in the United StatesC. Population growth in the western United StatesD. The increasing availability of industrial jobs for women in the Unites StatesAccording to the

14、passage, as the nineteenth century progressed, the people of the United StatesA. emigrated to other countriesB. often settled in the WestC. tended to change the place in which they livedD. had a higher rate of birth than ever beforeWhich of the following best describes the society about whichDavid D

15、onald wrote?A. A highly conservative society that was resistant to new ideasB. A society that was undergoing fundamental changeC. A society that had been gradually changing since the early 1700sD. A nomadic society that was starting permanent settlements 9、Which of the following is not mentioned as

16、an example of the social changes occurring in the United States after 1821)?A.Increased social mobilityB.Increased immigrationC.Significant movement of populationD.Strong emphasis on traditional social valuesWith which of the following opinions would the author be likely to agree?A. Womens lives sig

17、nificantly improved as the United States economy expandedB. Women had more opportunities for employment in the western United States than in other regionsC. The home after 1820 was a superior social entity to that of the eighteenth centuryD. Increased social fragmentation negatively affected middle

18、class family life11 A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people.Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly w

19、rong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability.Accountability isn t hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequence

20、s.Of the many values that hold civilization together一honesty, kindness, and so on-accountabi1ity may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law一and ultimately, no society.My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have nev

21、er learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on peoplesbehavior, are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment.Fortunately, there are still communities一smaller towns, usually一where schools maintain discipline and whe

22、re parents hold up standards that proclaim, In this family certain things are not tolerated一they simply are not done!/zYet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has none, he considers your property his property; he takes

23、 what he wants, including your life if you enrage hint.The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, its the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged

24、upbringing, by the school that didnt teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didnt provide a stable home.I dont believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the crimina

25、l, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.The wise mans remarks suggest thatA. its unnecessary f

26、or good people to do anything in face of evilB. its certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about itC. its only natural for virtue to defeat evilD. its desirable for good men to keep away from evilAccording to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crimeA.society is to be held re

27、sponsibleB. modem civilization is responsible for itC. the criminal himself should bear the blameD. the standards of living should be improvedCompared with those in small, towns, people in large cities haveA. less self-disciplineB. better sense of disciplineC. more mutual respectD. less effective go

28、vernmentThe writer is sorry to have noticed thatA. people in large cities tend to excuse criminalsB. people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standardsC. todays society lacks sympathy for people in difficultyD. people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activitiesTh

29、e main idea of the passage is thatA.stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and familiesB. more good examples should be set for people to followC. more restrictions should be imposed on peoples behaviorD. more people should accept the value of accountability12、 It is all very well to bla

30、me traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modem life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is all very well, again, to have a tiger in the trunk, but to have one in the drivers seat is another matter

31、altogether. You might tolerate the oddroad-hog, the rode and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the role. Perhaps the situation calls for a Be Kind to Other Drivers campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand.Road politeness is not only good m

32、anners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptations to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly and or a wave of acknowled

33、gement in response to an act of politeness helps to create as atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modem conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays dont even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However, misplaced p

34、oliteness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncomi

35、ng vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highwaysare not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would h

36、elp if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modem motorists cant even-learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of roadsmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car

37、-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take the message to heart.According to the passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused byA.peoples attitude towards the road-hogB.the rhythm of modem lifeC.the behavior, of the dri

38、verD.traffic conditionsBy saying you might tolerate the odd road-hog. . . the rode. z/ (Para. 1) the author implies thatA.our society is unjust towards well-mannered motoristsB.rode drivers can be met only occasionallyC. the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hogA. as wellB. alsoC. beca

39、useD. for2、A. flatB. houseC. garageD. garden3、A. carpetB. areaC. roadD. ground4、(4)A. buyB. increaseC.reduceD. less5、A. thoughB. asD. nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motoristsThe words good sense” (Para. 2) probably meanA. the driver，s ability to understand and react reasonablyB

40、. the driver5 s prompt response to difficult and severe conditionsC.the drivers tolerance of rode or even savage behaviorD. the drivers acknowledgement of politeness and regulationsExperts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion,A. road users should make more sacrificeB. dr

41、ivers should be ready to yield to each otherC. drivers should have more communication among themselvesD. drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to othersIn the writers opinion,A.strict traffic regulations are badly neededB.drivers should apply road politeness properlyC.rode drivers sh

42、ould be punishedD.drivers should avoid traffic jams21 Part B (10 points)In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41 -45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、 B、C、D、E F G) to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are several extra choices, which do not fit

43、in any of the gaps. (10 points)Japanese students seem to be losing patience with work, unlike their counterparts in the United States and Korea. In a 1993 survey of college students in the three countries, only 10% of the Japanese regarded work as a primary value, compared with 47 % of their Korean

44、counterparts and 27% of American students. (41).(42). Data collected by the Japanese government in 1993 shows that only 23% of Japanese youth are thinking about supporting their aged parents, in contrast to 63% of young Americans. It appears that many younger-generation Japanese are losing both resp

45、ect for their parents and a sense of responsibility to the family. (43).The shift toward individualism among Japanese is most pronounced among the very young. According to 1991 data from the Seimei Hoken Bunka Center of Japan, 50% of Japanese youthaged 16 to 19 can be labeled self-centered”, compare

46、d with 33% among those aged 25 to 29. (44).Diminishing social responsibility, according to Yoshizaki, is tied to the growing interest in pleasure and personal satisfaction. A study comparing society-conscious youth from 1977 to 1990 found that the Japanese had slipped far behind American and Austral

47、ian students. (45).Yoshizaki concludes that the entire value system of Japanese youth is undergoing major transformation, but the younger generation has not yet found a new organized value system to replace the old.A. To earn the self-centered label, the young people responded positively to such ide

48、as as I would like to make decisions without considering traditional values and I dont want to do anything I can t enjoy doing.B. Compare with the old generation, the young Japanese seems more to enjoy life rather than work hard.C. Japanese youth is vigorous and fresh, but lacks experience in work and life.D. Author Yoshizaki attributes the change to Japanese parents overindulgence of their children, material affluence, and growing concern for private matters.E. Concern for family values is waning(减弱) among youngerJapanese as they pursue an inner wo