2023胃内微生态在胃癌发生发展过程中的作用机制.docx
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1、2023胃内微生态在胃癌发生发展过程中的作用机制胃癌作为世界范围内一种发病率及死亡率均较高的癌症1 ,其发病受众多 因素影响,如不良饮食习惯、吸烟/饮酒、家族遗传等2。随着幽门螺杆菌(HP )的发现及相关检测技术的发展3,人们对胃内菌 属的认知水平逐渐提高,胃内微生物群已被证明与胃癌的发生发展相关4, 其中肠型胃癌与HP感染关系密切。此类胃癌的发生发展遵循Correa级 联的多步骤过程,即从正常胃黏膜、浅表性胃炎、萎缩性胃炎、肠上皮化 生、异型增生至胃癌的发展过程。但在HP阳性人群中,仅1% 2%的感 染者罹患胃癌5,且HP丰度在Correa模型中呈下降趋势6,故HP与 胃癌的关系仍有待进一步
2、探讨。此外,胃内非HP菌群在数量及种类方面也会随病程进展而发生变化,如 新的菌属定植及原有菌群的增多或减少,可能通过诱导慢性炎症、氧化应 激、宿主免疫反应失调或将胃黏膜中的氮化合物转化为N-亚硝基化合物 等多种途径发挥致癌作用6-8。因此,HP与胃内非HP微生物群落的变 化可能促进了胃癌的发生发展。1、人类健康胃部的微生物组成胃内微生态检测技术的发展,特别是下一代测序技术的出现,显著拓宽了病作用提供了条件,同时在肿瘤微环境中优先支持某些具有致癌作用且与 癌细胞生长及扩散相关的微生物的定植。4、小结与展望综上所述,HP感染是胃癌发生发展中的始发因素,之后呈现下降趋势, 链球菌、乳杆菌等非HP微生
3、物逐渐发挥作用,因此根除HP预防胃癌的 关键时期为萎缩性胃炎早期。对胃内相关微生物区系改变的分析有助于确定疾病发生的阶段及严重程 度,并可帮助找到与胃癌有关的新的标志物,这对于制订预防、诊断和治 疗胃癌新策略具有重要意义。由于胃内微生物群的多样性及其检测的复杂性,尚需针对特定人群开展大 样本研究以深入了解微生物区系在胃肿瘤发展中的演变过程及相关机制。参考文献1 Sung H, Ferlay Jz Siegel RL, et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality World
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