压轴题12 非谓语动词（解析版）-2023年中考英语压轴题专项训练（江苏专用）.docx

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1、压轴题12非谓语动词考向一：动词不定式考向二：动名词压轴题要颁非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词主要包 括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。构成：to +动词原形动词不定式J1作用：作除谓语外的任何成分| 构成：v-. ing/艮-ed(规则动词)动词的非谓语形式 分词一L作用：表、定、状、补构成：v.-ing动名词作用：主、宾、表、定L动词不定式1.1.动词不定式的形式:基本形式为o+动词原形，否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。例Its important not to be late for class.上课不迟到是非常重要的。L2 .

2、动词不定式的功能(1)动词不定式作状语。作状语时，一般在句中作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语。例 We need more money to improve transport in London.我们需要更多的钱来改善伦敦的交通 状况。(2)动词不定式作主语。常用it作形式主语，真正作主语的不定式后置。常用句型为“It is+adj.+(of7fbr sb.) to do sth.。例It，s not easy to find your way around the town.在这个小镇上要找到路很不容易。(3)动词不定式作宾语。常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：would like/want t

3、o 想要agree to 同意afford to 负担 得起decide to 决定promise to 承hope/wish to 希望【详解】句意：社区工作人员有足够的耐心向老人讲解健康码的使用方法。考查非谓语动词。固定搭配：be+形容词+enoughtodosth”足够做某事”，动词不定式作 结果状语，故选C。12. B【详解】句意：今年夏天我们全家要去北京旅游，但是我们还没有决定怎么去。为 什么不坐高铁呢？考查疑问词+动词不定式。decide后接宾语，结合“Why not take the high-speed rail way?”可知 没有决定如何去，用“疑问词+动词不定式”结构“h

4、ow to get there”表示“如何到那里”，在句中 充当宾语。故选B。13. B【详解】句意：警察告诉孩子们不要在河里游泳。太危险了！考查非谓语动词。tell sb. not to do sth.告诉某人不做某事。根据力六too dangerous!”可知，警 察告诉孩子不要在河里游泳。故选B。14. B【详解】句意：改善你家的供水系统不需要花太多的钱。考查非谓语动词 o 根据“It doesnt take much.the water supply system of your home.“可知,此 处可用句式It takes+时间/金钱+to do sth.”花费时间或金钱做某事”

5、，所以空处应是动词不定 式 to improve。故选 B。15. D【详解】句意：为了实现我们的梦想，我们应该努力工作，永不放弃。考查动词形式。Achieve“取得”，动词原形；Achieved“取得”，动词过去式；Achieving“取得”， 动词现在分词；T。achieve“取得，to do不不定式。此空为不定式做目的状语。故选D。16. C【详解】句意：他致力于他所关注的去使得妇女接受更好的教育成为可能。考查动名词和不定式结构。第一空pay attention to”是固定搭配，意为“注意”；devote to doing“全身心投入到做某事”，因此第一空应是to to making；

6、第二空是不定式结构to receive 作真正宾语，让作形式宾语。故选C。17. B【详解】句意：中国与非洲国家一道努力应对气候变化，保护环境。考查非谓语动词。“China has worked with African countries”的目的是“fight climate change and protect the environment,作目的状语用动词不定式。故选B。18. D【详解】句意：我应该怎么做才能避免在语文考试中犯愚蠢的错误？ 在回答问题之 前，请仔细阅读说明。 考查非谓语动词。“避免在语文考试中犯愚蠢的错误”是目的，用动词不定式作目的状语，排 除AC； avoid do

7、ing sth,“避免做某事”，排除B。故选D。19. D【详解】句意：如果你想要改善你的发音，坚持每天练习。考查非谓语。want to do sth想要做；keep on doing sth“坚持做”,都是固定短语。所以第一空用不定式；第二空用动名词。故选D。20. A【详解】句意：他全身心投入的事业使他被全世界的人所铭记。考查谓语动词和非谓语动词。分析题干可知，第一空前是定语从句，“he devoted himself to” 是从句部分，修饰先行词career,表示“全身心投入的事业: 所以第一空应填谓语动词，结 合“devoted”可知应用一般过去时，动词用过去式made；第二空结合m

8、ake和空后的by可知， 此处是make sb done使某人被”，所以第二空应填过去分词作宾语补足语，故选A。21. A【详解】句意：与汽油车相比，电动汽车更节能，运行成本更低。考查非谓语动词。根据“with gasoline cars”可知，此处动词compare与主语的关系为被动， 应使用动词过去分词作状语。故选A。22. D【详解】句意：据我父母说，做家务能让我更好地理解家庭责任。考查非谓语动词。根据“doing chores（做家务）enables me . the family responsibility better.可 知，此处是enable sb to do sth使某人做

9、某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选D。23. B【详解】句意：为了保护环境，每个人都应该参与其中。考查非谓语动词。此处在句中表示目的，用动词不定式，故选B。24. D【详解】句意：当他妈妈回家后，他停止看电视，去了书房。考查非谓语动词。Stop to do sth停下来去做某事；stop doing sth停止正在做的事情。根据“he stopped.TV and went to the study.“可知,停止正在看电视的动作，应填watching,故选D。 25. D【详解】句意：他们考虑买一台电脑，这被认为对他们的工作有很大帮助。考查非谓语动词。consider doing sth“考

10、虑做某事“，第一空应填动名词；be considered to be被 认为是、第二空应填动词不定式，be of great help“有很大帮助”，故选D。26. C【详解】句意：阿姆斯特朗从六岁第一次飞行开始就对飞行感兴趣。考查非谓语动词以及词义辨析。fly飞，动词;flying飞，动名词；flight飞，名词。be interested in doing sth对做某事感兴趣”，第一空填动名词或名词。根据his first可知，第二空应填名 词flight,故选C。27. B【详解】句意：火星上的人类必须穿上特殊的靴子才能让自己变得更重。考查主谓一致以及非谓语动词。根据“have t。”

11、可知主语用名词复数humans,排除AC； “wear special boots”的目的是“make themselves heavier”，作目的状语用动词不定式。故选B。28. B【详解】句意：你最好的朋友基蒂喜欢在业余时间跳舞还是购物？ 呃，这看情况。 考查非谓语动词。根据“Which does your best friend Kitty enjoy.her spare time”可知此处疑问 代词which作enjoy的宾语，此处“spend her spare time”是目的状语，用动词不定式。故选B。 29. B【详解】句意：哦，想象一下！让机器人为我们人类做所有的工作真是太

12、棒了！考查非谓语动词。第一空是固定句式：Itis+形容词+todosth,表示“做某事是的”，所以 第一空应填动词不定式作主语；have sth do使某物做某事”，第二空填省略t。的动词不定式 作宾补，故选B。30. B【详解】句意：汤姆,昨天你为什么参加会议？ 为了找到一个更好的让人维修这些 机器人的方法。考查非谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知，第一个设空处在句子中表目的，所以用动词不 定式形式；第二个设空处，根据前面的have判断考查句式：have sth. done“让某人做某事”。 故选B。31. A【详解】句意：那个女孩似乎太忙于准备考试以至于没有注意到她妈妈进了房间。考查非谓语动

13、词。be busy doing sth“忙于做某事”，为固定短语，所以排除BD选项； tooto”太而不能“，第二空应用to notice,故选A。32. C【详解】句意：我们应该花尽可能多的时间读英语。考查非谓语动词。sb spend time doing sth“花费时间做某事”，为固定短语。故选C。33. C【详解】句意：人们经常看见那个男孩在音乐室里唱歌。考查非谓语动词。see sb do sth看到某人做某事（强调经常性的动作），其被动语态形式为 be seen to do sth,故选 Co34. C【详解】句意：“看!有一个人在河边练武术。”“哇！是我的老师，吴老师。”考查非谓语

14、动词。there be sb doing sth”有某人正在做某事”，现在分词作定语，故选C。35. B【详解】句意：我试着唱歌让婴儿不哭，终于奏效了。考查非谓语动词。根据“make the baby”可知，后跟省略t。的动词不定式作宾语补足语，排除 CD选项;根据“by singing”可知，通过唱歌是要使那个婴儿停止哭泣,应用动词短语stop doing sth“停止正在做的事情”。故选B。36. A【详解】句意：我不知道生日派对上穿什么。你现在看起来就很不错。我认为这件 粉红色的T血衫和你的灰色牛仔裤很搭配。考查“疑问词+动词不定式”和动词辨析o根据下文中“the pink T-shir

15、t”和“the grey jeans”可知, 应是穿什么，故填what to wear”，代词what作wear的宾语；match意为“搭配”，fit意为“适 合”，表示两件衣服搭配得好，用match。故选A。37. A【详解】句意：我妈妈建议我做大量的练习，但我爸爸建议我多读书以睁开眼睛。考查非谓语动词。advise sb. to do sth。建议某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。38. A【详解】句意：宇航员在外太空执行任务并不容易。的确是这样。要想取得成功, 有许多问题需要注意。考查非谓语动词。根据“Many problems should be paid attentio

16、n tosuccess.”可知，是为了取得 成功，用动词不定式形式。故选A。39. A【详解】句意：在他的空闲时间，他喜欢到处旅行，用手机记录他的发现。考查现在分词作状语。根据In his free time, he likes traveling around, .his discoveries on the phone.可知，主语是动作的发出者，用现在分词作伴随状语，故选A。40. D【详解】句意：她一生的大部分时间都致力于防止附近工厂的污染。考查非谓语动词。devote.to doing sth”全身心投入做某事“，动词短语，所以此空应填to preventing, 故选 D。41. D

17、【详解】句意：看到老师走进教室，他们立刻停止了讲话。考查非谓语动词和动词辨析。根据“Seeing their teacher . into the classroom”可知，他们停止 讲话是因为看见老师正走进教室；see sb. doing sthf看见某人正在做某事L故第一空要用现 在分词作宾补。talk“说话；tell“告诉。根据“they stoppedat once.”可知,他们立即停止讲 话，talk符合句意；再stop doing sth.“停止做某事”可知，此处要用动名词作宾语。故选D。 42. A【详解】句意：钟南山喜欢什么样的运动能使他看起来强壮？考查非谓语动词。根据“.hi

18、m look strong”可知，后面句子想表达“为了使他变强壮”的含义， 需要用t。do不定式作目的状语。故选A。43. C【详解】句意：由于食堂被烧毁，所有员工都被建议自带饭盒。考查动词不定式作主语补足语。advise sb to do sth”建议某人做某事”，此句是被动语态，用 动词不定式作主语补足语。故选C。44. D【详解】句意：2023年2月13日，吴易冰创造了中国网球的新历史，成为首位获得冠军的 男子。考查非谓语动词。根据Wu Yibing created a new history of Chinese tennis”可知，吴易冰是首 位获得冠军的男子，这里需用动词不定式作定

19、语。故选D。45. B【详解】句意：如今，许多年轻人习惯每天熬夜很晚。他们没有足够的睡眠。确实。 但那不是个好习惯。考查动词短语辨析。stay up熬夜；stay out待在外面。空前是动词短语get used to习惯于”, to为介词，后接动名词，排除A、C选项；根据“They dont have enough sleep.”可推测，此 处是“熬夜”。故选B。46. C【详解】句意：高速铁路将使人们出行更加方便。考查非谓语动词。根据题干可知考查：make it easier for sb. to do sth.意为“使某人做某事更容 易”，这里用动词不定式。故选C。47. B【详解】句意：

20、这个科学家花费三天的时间在书房里，考虑这个问题。考查过去分词用法。locking为现在分词；locked为过去分词；to lock为动词不定式；locks 为单三形式。“locked in the study”作后置定语，修饰“three days，指三天时间是被关在书房 里。故选B。48. C【详解】句意：你介意让我单独待一会吗？考查非谓语动词。mind doing sth介意做某事: 动名词作宾语，故选C。49. D【详解】句意：现在庆祝世界阅读日是为了提高人们对阅读的热爱。考查非谓语动词。根据“World Reading Day is now celebrated”可知庆祝世界读书日目的

21、是提 高人们对阅读的热爱，用动词不定式t。improve作目的状语。故选D。50. C【详解】句意：中国已经成功地阻止了这种疾病在全国范围内的传播。考查非谓语动词。preventfrom doing sth阻止做某事“，固定短语，空处用动名词作宾语，故选C。诺continue to 继续expect to 期望refuse to 拒绝(4)动词不定式作宾语补足语。常接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词：tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人做某事warn sb.to do sth.警告某人做某事invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事allow sb.to do sth.允许某

22、人做某事expect sb. to do sth.期望某人做某事advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事(5)动词不定式作定语。作定语时常放在修饰词后，作后置定语。例I cant think of any good advice to give her.我想不出任何好的建议给她。(6)动词不定式作表语。常放于be动词后。例My job is to look after the baby.我的工作是照顾这个婴儿。13“疑问词+动词不定式”结构动词不定式可以与疑问代词who,whom,what,which,whose及疑问副词when,where,how等连 用，构成不定式短语，在句

23、中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语等。I didnt know how to get back to the village.我不知道怎样回至U村子。14常见省略to的动词不定式结构had better do sth.最好做某事would rather do sth.宁愿做某事cannot but do sth,只好做某事Why(not)do sth.?为什么(不)做某事？句子成分用法例句作主语单个动名词作主语时谓语动词用单 数形式，常用的句型结构有：It is no use (good) 4-v.ing.Seeing is believing.眼见为实。It is no use arg

24、uing again.再去争吵也没有用。作表语放在系动词后面作表语Her job is looking after the children.她的工作 是照顾这些小孩子。作宾语用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式作宾 语的词有：avoid, finish, consider, give up, cannot help, allow, imagine, include, keep, mind, practice, suggest, succeed in, be used to do, look forward to, enjoy, be busyNo matter what happened, I wo

25、nt give up achieving my dream.不管发生了什么事情， 我都不会放弃去实现我的梦想。作定语用于名词前，起修饰说明作用There is a swimming pool in her home.她家后 个游泳池。【特例清单】1 .英语中一些词后常跟动名词作宾语。初中阶段这类词有：finish（完成）,mind（介意）,be worth（值得）,be busy（忙于）,practice（练习）,have fun（玩得高 兴）,feel like（想要）,be used to（习惯于），consider（考虑）,enjoy（喜欢）2 .主语 + be + happy（glad

26、, pleased, angry, sorry, careful, ready 等）+t。do sth.l： Tm glad to see you again.我很高兴再次见到你。Im sorry to hear that.听到这个消息我感到遗憾。3 .几组动词接不定式及动名词辨析(l)stop doing/stop to dostop doing sth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停止、中断做某事后去做另一件事(2)forget doing/forget to doforget doing sth.忘记做过某事(事情已做)forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事(事情没做)(

27、3)remember doing/remember to doremember doing sth.记得做过某事(事情已做)remember to do sth.记着去做某事(事情没做)(4)try doing/try to dotry doing sth,尝试着去做某事try to do sth.设法或努力去做某事(5)go on doing/go on to dogo on doing sth.继续不停地做同一件事情go on to do sth.做完一件事，接着去做另外一件事(6)allow doing sth./allow sb.to do sth.allow doing sth,允许

28、做某事allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事(7)regret doing/regret to doregret doing sth.对做过的事情感到遗憾、后悔(已做)regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)(8)mean doing/mean to domean doing sth.意味着做某事mean to do sth.打算、想做某事1. .(2022江苏盐城统考中考真题)Good news comes that China has sent Shenzhou XIV to space the unknown world.A. exploreB. exp

29、loredC. exploringD. to explore2. （2017江苏泰州统考中考真题）Diana used to to work, but now she is used tobecause the road is crowded and she wants to keep fit.A. drive; walk B. drive; walking C. driving; walk D. driving; walking3. （2022-江苏南通统考中考真题）We should have a healthy diet, proper exercise and enough sleep

30、 fit.A. keepingB. to keepC. keepD. kept4. （2022江苏镇江统考中考真题）The high school invited a famous scientist a talk onWorld Earth Day.A. givingB. to giveC. giveD. given5（2022江苏宿迁统考中考真题）一Miss Li, can you tell me how to improve my writing skills?一Certainly. I advise you a diary in English every day.A. to keep

31、B. keepingC. keptD. keeps6. （2022江苏扬州统考中考真题）the people locked inside, the firemen broke down the door.A. ReachB. To reachC. ReachingD. To reaching7. （2022江苏连云港统考中考真题）We learnedto work as a team by completing thetask.A. whatB. whichC. howD. who8. （2022江苏连云港统考中考真题）Kitty, these books are heavy for youc

32、arry. Let me help you.A. as.asB. too.toC. such.thatD. so.that9. （2017江苏淮安统考中考真题）The research he devotes himself to the farmershave a better harvest is very important.A. helpingB. to helpC. helpD. helped10. （2021 江苏镇江统考中考真题）一China is getting better and better at making high technology products.一Thats

33、 right. People around the world can hardly avoid these products made in China.A. to buyB. not to buyC. buyingD. not buying11. （2021江苏南通统考中考真题）The community worker is patient enough to theold how to use Health Code（码）.A. explainB. explainsC. to explainD. explaining12. （2021 江苏常州统考中考真题）一My family will

34、 go on a trip to Beijing this summer, but we havent decided.Why not take the high-speed railway?A , when to leaveB. how to get there C. which hotel to choose D. how long tostay there13. （2021 江苏宿迁统考中考真题）The policeman told the children in the river. Wstoo dangerous!A. to not swim B. not to swim C. no

35、t swimD. not swimming14. （2023江苏扬州统考一模）It doesnt take much the water supply system of yourhome.A.improveB. to improveC.improvingD. to improving15. （2023江苏盐城统考一模）our dream, we should work hard and never give up.A.AchieveB. AchievedC.AchievingD. To achieve16. （2022江苏苏见、|校考一模）He devoted what he paid at

36、tention it possible forwomen better education.A. to making; to receiveB. to making; to receivingC. to to making; to receiveD. to to making; receive17. （2023江苏扬州统考一模）China has worked with African countries climatechange and protect the environment.A. fightB. to fightC. fightingD. fought18. （2022江苏镇江校

37、联考一模）一What should I do stupid mistakes in the Chineseexam?一Read the instructions carefully before answering the questions.A. avoid make B. to avoid make C. avoid making D. to avoid making19. （2023江苏连云港,模拟预测）If you want your pronunciation, keep onevery day.A. improve, to practiceB. improved, practici

38、ngC. improving, to practice.D. to improve, practicing20. （2023江苏扬州校考一模）The career he devoted himself to him bypeople all over the world.A. made; rememberedB. making; rememberC. making; was rememberedD. made; to remember21. （2022江苏镇江校联考一模）with gasoline cars, electric cars are more energy saving, maki

39、ng them cheaper to operate.A. ComparedB. To compare C. Comparing D. Compare22. （2023江苏南京模拟预测）According to my parents, doing（做家务）enables me the family responsibility better.A. understandB. understanding C. understoodD. to understand23. （2023江苏无锡模拟预测）the environment, everyone should play a part in it.

40、A. SaveB. To saveC. SavingD. Saved24（2023.江苏淮安统考一模）When his mother came back home, he stopped TV andwent to the study.A. to watchB. watchedC. watchD. watching25. （2023 春江苏扬州九年级校考阶段练习）They considereda computer, which wasconsidered great help in their work.A. to buy; to be B. buying; being of C. buyin

41、g; being D. buying; to be of 26. （2023 春江苏南通九年级校考阶段练习）Armstrong became interested in eversince he took his first at the age of six.A. fly; flyingB. flight; flyC. flying; flight D. flight; flying27. （2023春江苏南通,九年级校考阶段练习）on Mars have to wear special boots themselves heavier.A. Human, to makeB. Humans,

42、 to makeC. Human, makeD. Humans, making28. （2023春江苏南通九年级南通田家炳中学校考阶段练习）Which does your best friend Kitty enjoy her spare time, dancing or shopping?一Er, it depends.A. spendingB. to spendC. spendD. spends29. （2023 春江苏常州九年级校考阶段练习）Oh, just imagine! How great it is robotsall the work for us human beings!A

43、. have; to do B. to have; do C. having; doD. had; to do30. （2023 春江苏常州.九年级校考阶段练习）Tom, why did you have a meeting yesterday? _a better way to have these robots.A. Find; fixedB. To find; repaired C. Finding; fix D. Found; repair31. （2023春江苏淮安九年级江苏省清江中学校考阶段练习）The girl seemed too busy fbr her test her m

44、other enter the room.A. preparing; to noticeB. to prepare; to noticeC. preparing; noticingD. to prepare; noticing32. （2023春,江苏淮安九年级江苏省清江中学校考阶段练习）We should spend as much time as we can English.A. readB. to readC. readingD. have read33. （2023春江苏淮安九年级江苏省清江中学校考阶段练习）The boy is often seen in the music roo

45、m.A. singingB. sangC. to singD. sings34. （2023春,江苏淮安九年级江苏省清江中学校考阶段练习）“Look! There is a manWushu near the river. Wow! Its my teacher, Mr Wu.A. practiseB. practisesC. practisingD. practised35. （2023春江苏淮安九年级江苏省清江中学校考阶段练习）I tried to make the baby by singing, and it worked at last.A. stop to cryB. stop c

46、rying C. to stop to cry D. to stop crying36. （2023春江苏宿迁九年级沐阳县怀文中学校考阶段练习）一1 don9t knowfor thebirthday party.一You look so good now. I think the pink T-shirt the grey jeans very well.A. what to wear; matchesB. how to wear; matchesC , what to wear; fitsD. how to wear; fits37. （2023 春江苏九年级校联考阶段练习）My mom advises me tons of exercises, butmy father suggests reading more to open my eyes.A. to doB. doingC. doD. does38. （2023江苏淮安统考一模）一Its not easy for astronauts to carry out tasks in outer space.Thats true. Many problems should be paid attention to success.A. to achieveB. achievingC. a