2023年考研外语冲刺密卷7.docx

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1、考研外语冲刺密卷7一、Use of English1 What can be said of the normal process of aging, from a linguistic point of view? In general (1), there is a clear and (2) relationship: no-one would have much difficulty (3)a baby, a young child, a teenager, a middle-aged person, or a very old person from a tape recording

2、. With children, (4) is possible for specialists in language development, and people experienced (5)child care, to make very detailed (6)about how language correlates with age in the early years. (7)is known about the patterns of linguistic change that affect older people. It is plain that our voice

3、 quality, vocabulary, and style, alter (8)we grow older, but research (9) the nature of these changes is in its earliest stages. However, a certain amount of (10)is available about the production and (11)of spoken language by very old people, especially regarding the phonetic changes that take place

4、.Speech is (12)to be affected by reductions in the (13) of the vocal organs. The muscles of the chest (14),likewise independent of language.According to the theory of thought devised by J. B. Watson, thinking is.A.talking to the soulB.suppressed speechC.speaking nonverballyD.nonlinguistic behaviorWh

5、ich of the following statements is true in the authors opinion?A. Ability to use language enhances ones capacities.B. Word and thought match more often than not.C.Thinking never goes without language.D. Language and thought are generally distinguishable.According to the author, when we intend to des

6、cribe our thoughts.A. we merely report internal speechB.neither words nor imagery worksC.we are overwhelmed with vague imageryD. words often fail to do their jobWhy are patients with speech disorders able to think without having adequate control over language?A.They use different concepts.B.They do

7、not think linguistically.C. It still remains an unsolved problem.D.Thinking is independent of language.What is the main idea of the passage?A.In thinking the soul is talking to itself.B. Thinking is closely related to the capacity to use language.C. Thinking is not necessarily closely related to the

8、 capacity of using language.D.Thinking and using language are two different processes.6、Of all the truths that this generation of Americans hold self-evident, few are more deeply embedded in the national psyche than the maxim It pays to go to collage. Since G. Bill transformed higher education in th

9、e aftermath of WWII, a college diploma, once a birthright of the leisured few, has become a lodestone for the upwardly mobile, as integral to the American dream as the pursuit of happiness itself. The numbers tell the story: In 1950s, 43% of high-school graduates went on to pursue some form, of high

10、er education; at the same time, only6% of Americans were college graduates. But by 1992, almost 2 to out of 3 secondary-school graduates were opting for higher education一and 21% of a much larger U. S. population had college diplomas. As Prof. Herbert London of New York University told a commencement

11、 audience last June: The college experience has gone from a rite passage to a right of passage”.However, as the class of 1993 is so painfully discovering, while a college diploma remains a requisite credential for ascending the economic ladder, it no longer guarantees the good life. Rarely since the

12、 end of the Great Depression has the job outlook for college graduates appeared so bleak: of the 1. 1 million students who received their baccalaureate degrees last spring, fewer than 20% had lined up full-time employment by commencement. Indeed, an uncertain job market has precipitated a wave of ec

13、onomic fear and trembling among the young. Many of my classmates are absolutely terrified”, says one of the fortunate few who did manage to land a permanent position. They wonder if they11 ever find a job.Some of this recession-induced anxiety will dissipate if a recovery finally begins to generate

14、jobs at what economists consider a normal rate. But the sad fact is that for the foreseeable future, college graduates will be in considerablesurplus, enabling employers to require a degree even for jobs for which a college education is really unnecessary. According to Kristina Shelley of the Bureau

15、 of Labor Statistics一who bases her estimate on a moderate projection of current trends-30 percent of college graduates entering the labor force between now and the year 2022 will be unemployed or will find employment in jobs for which they will be overqualified, joining what economists call the educ

16、ationally underutilized”. Indeed, it may be quite a while一if ever一before those working temporarily as cocktail waitresses or taxi drivers will be able to pursue their primary career paths. Of course waiting on tables and bustling cab fares are respectable ways to earn a living. But they are not quit

17、e what so many young Americans一and their parents一had in mind as the end product of four expensive years in college.The author tries to convince us that.A. the purely economic rationale for college is not as compelling as it once wasB.college education paves the way for future successC. a college dip

18、loma is the prerequisite credential for better jobsD.higher education faces an unforeseeable futureAccording to the passage, which of the following is true ?A. A college diploma used to be the privilege of the rich.B. A college diploma helps one to realize his American dream.C.College graduates can

19、easily get permanent positions.D. College graduates are optimistic about their career in the future.What does the sentence the college experience has gone from a rite passage to a right of passage mean?A.Going to collegeis necessary.B.Goingto college has become ordinary.C. Going to college is a civi

20、l right.D.Going to collegeis expensive.9、The numbers in the first paragraph are cited to show thatnowA.college graduates are surplusB. college diplomas are necessary to go upward in the societyC.college diplomas are requisite credentials for getting good jobsD. more and more young people in the U. S

21、. go to college10、According to the passage, what muses educationally underutilizing?A.College graduates are more than the society needs.B. The payment to blue-collar workers is much higher than that of white-collar employees.C. It is fashionable to be waitresses or taxi drivers.D.People respect thos

22、e who once did physical work.11 If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual

23、 responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired一rented at the lowest possible cost一much as one buys raw materials or equipment.The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial office

24、r is almost always second in command. The post of head of human resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategicdecisions and has no chance to move up to Chief ExecutiveOfficer (CEO). By way of

25、contrast, in Japan the head of human-resource management is central一usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm s hierarchy. While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employe

26、es than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather

27、 than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as the

28、y do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be em

29、ployed. The result is a slower pace oftechnological change. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these proc

30、esses will disappear.Which of the following does not apply to the management of human resources in American companies?A. They attach more importance to workers than to equipment.B. They will spend time and money training workers.C.They see the gaining of skills as their employees own business.D.They

31、 hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills.What isn，t the position of the head of human-resource management in an American firm?A. He is one of the most important executives in the firm.B. His post is likely to appear when new technologies are introduced.C. He has no say in making im

32、portant decisions in the firm.D. He is not equal to the chief financial executive.Compared with American firms, Germany ones.A.spend the vast amounts on training their work forceB. invest more in the skills of their employees than American firmsC. are concentrated more on professional and managerial

33、 employeesD. focus more on the specific skills necessary to do the next jobAccording to the passage, the money most American firms put in training mainly goes to.A.technological and managerial staffB. workers who can operate new equipmentC. workers who lack basic background skillsD.executive staffWh

34、at is the main idea of the passage?A. American firms are not different from Japanese and German firms in human resource management.B.Extensive retraining is indispensable to effective human resource management.C. The human resource management strategies of American firmsaffect their competitive capa

35、city.D. The head of human resource management must be in the central position in a firms hierarchy.12、 A few common misconceptions Beauty is only skin-deep. One s physical assets and liabilities don，t count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best.Over the las

36、t 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and notsobeautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, mom than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be t

37、reated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted.Un-American, you say, unfair and extremely unbelievable? Once again, the scientists have caught

38、us mouthing pieces while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group-college students, perhaps, or teachers or corporate personnel managers a piece of paper relating an individuals accomplishments.the lungs become less elastic, the r

39、ibs (15)mobile: as a result, respiratory efficiency at age 75 is only about half (16)at age 30, and this has (17)for the ability to speak loudly, rhythmically, and with good tone In addition, speech is affected by poorer movement of the soft palate and changes in the facial skeleton, especially arou

40、nd the mouth and jaw. There are other, more general signs of age. Speech rate slows, and fluency may be more erratic. Hearing (18), especially after the early fifties. Weakening (19) of memory and attention may affect the ability to comprehend complex speech patterns. But it is (20) all had news: vo

41、cabulary awareness may continue to grow, as may stylistic ability一skills in narration, for example. And grammatical ability seems to be little affected.A.speechB.termsC. waysD. cases2、A.obscureB. unmistakableC.unacceptableAttached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the sa

42、me thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will

43、he promoted.Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappo, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good.In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and dee

44、per than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: in terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive t

45、o get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive.According to the passage, people often wrongly believe thatin pur

46、suing a career as a manager.A.a persons property or debts do not matter muchB. a persons outward appearance is not a critical qualificationC. women should always dress fashionablyD. women should not only he attractive but also high-mindedThe result of research carried out by social scientists show t

47、hat.A. people do not realize the importance of looking one s bestB. women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid wellC. good-looking women aspire to managerial positionsD. attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are notExperiments by scientists have shown that w

48、hen people evaluate individuals on certain attributes.A. they observe the principle that beauty is only skin-deepB. they do not usually act according to the views they supportC. they give ordinary-looking persons the lowest ratingsD. they tend to base their judgment on the individuaT saccomplishmentsGood looks cut both ways for women (Paragraph 5) means thatA.attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobsB.good-looking women always get the best of everythingC. being attractive is not always an advantage for womenD. attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women