2023年上海市中考英语【热点·重点·难点】二轮综合复习-重难点10 完形填空之说明文（教师版）.docx

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1、重难点10完形填空之说明文（教师版）（建议用时：30分钟）1命题趋势说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，用来说明事物、阐明事理的一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物 的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或传递某种思想。考查趋势是：辨析词义，以实词为主, 且第一局不设空，生词量有增无减，长句增加，句式灵活，结构复杂。中考生最为棘手的题型之一。它既考查对语法、词汇、习语、句型、搭配等基础知识的 综合运用能力，又考查对短文的阅读理解能力。其中包括在具体的语境中灵活运用语言知识 的能力，根据试题内容进行正确的逻辑推理，综合判断和分析概括的能力。满分技巧1 .通读全文，掌握大意。结合选项初步弄清短文写了些

2、什么内容。2 .瞻前顾后，分析先行。在理解全文意思的基础上，结合文章内容对空缺句子作合乎逻辑的推 理。必须弄清空缺词句的确切含义，空缺词句与其前后句的意义衔接必须自然、合理，不可 出现意义断层或说东道西的情况，必须从空缺句的内部结构入手，从语法、词语固定搭配、 词形变化等角度考虑，务必使所填的单词准确无误。3 .反复推敲，攻克难关。如果做不出来的话，可能要改变一下思路。如实词多与文章的内容直 接相关，虚词多与文章的连贯性或句子结构直接相关，如果从内容上实在看不出要填哪个单 词的话，应考虑是否需要填介词、连词等。4 .验证答案，修正错误，着重注意这几点：（1）文章是否顺畅；（2）所填单词是否是最

3、佳单词； 所填单词是否有拼写错误。完形填空的解题方法和技巧：31. B 32. A 33. A 34. B 35. B 36. C 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. D【分析】本文介绍了一款可以让人放下手机，帮助保持专注力的应用程序专注森林。31 .句意：手机在我们的日常生活中非常重要。terrible 糟糕的；important 重要的；relaxing 放松的；boring 无聊的。根据“Do you use a smart phone every day? What do you usually do with your phone? Phones are very.in ou

4、r daily lives”以及常识可知手机在日常生 活中很重要。故选B。32 .句意：然而，手机还是会产生一些问题。problems 问题；danger 危险；discussion 讨论；questions 问题，疑问。根据When working on your homework, you might sometimes find that your smart phone is distracting （分心）you”可知这是手机产生的需 要解决的问题，用problem。故选A。33 .句意：它让我们很难保持专注。difficult困难的，费力的；necessary必要的；simple简

5、单的；educational有教育意义的。根据“When working on your homework, you might sometimes find that your smart phone is distracting （分心）you”可知手 机会让人分心，很难保持专注。故选A。34 .句意：而且，当你做其他事情时，我们的智能手机也会分散你的注意力。However 然而；Also 而且；Though 虽然；Luckily 幸运地。根据When working on your homework, you might sometimes find that your smart ph

6、one is distracting （4）心、）you.your smart phone can distract you when you are doing other things”可知前后两个句子是递进关系，用also。故选B。35 .句意：一个叫做“森林”的手机软件可以帮助你保持专注。book书；app手机软件；magazine杂志；film电影。根据“You can download the app”可知这是一个手机软 件。故选B。36 .句意：如果你想摆脱手机并专注于更重要的事情，可以下载该应用程序。homework 家庭作业；game 游戏；phone 手机；schoolwo

7、rk 学校作业。根据But if you close the app and play with your phone”以及文章的描述可知这款软件是让人放下手机，专注做事。故选C。37 .句意：如果你继续做你的任务，种子就会长成一棵树。work 工作;plan 计划；task 任务;activity 活动。根据“When you set （设置）a new task （任务）in the app”可知只有继续做任务，种子才会长大。故选C。38 .句意：但是相反如果你关闭应用程序并玩手机，树会枯萎并死亡。instead相反;finally终于；soon很快;happily快乐地。由语境可知,此处

8、指“玩手机”代替“做任务”,树 就会枯萎。故选A。39 .句意：一旦你完成工作，你的树将被“种植”在应用程序中。stop 停止；finish 完成；start 开始；choose 选择。根据Once you.the work, your tree will be “planted” in the app”可知只有完成了工作，树才会被“种植”到app上。故选B。40 .句意：如果你继续努力，总有一天你会拥有一片森林。tree 树；study 学习；success 成功；forest 森林。根据If you keep trying, you will have a.one day”可知坚持 下来，

9、会有越来越多的树，就会形成一个森林。故选D。Chinese people are well-known for being hospitable （好客的）.Many even feel that they will lose face if their41 eat up all the food on the table. As we all know, food waste becomes a 42 problem in China. Luckily, this situation can be 43 with the help of a rule.According to the rul

10、e, food providers who encourage or force people to 44 too much food may face fines （罚款）of up to 10,000 yuan. And they should remind people to order the 45 amount of food.Besides, people are encouraged to finish all the food on the dining table. Now many people show their support for the rule by shar

11、ing photos and videos of empty 46 online. And many Chinese people have47 the habit of taking leftovers （吃剩的食物）home.The purpose of introducing the rule is not to 48 anybody, but to avoid food waste. Wasting food is not just a waste of money, but more. 49、it is a waste of resources （资源）Its necessary t

12、o create anenvironmentally friendly 50. In a word, there is no excuse for wasting food.41. A. leadersB. winnersC. guestsD. officers42. A. simpleB seriousC. possibleD. different43. A. changedB acceptedC. createdD. returned44. A. sellB orderC. cookD. taste45. A. sameB. totalC. largeD. proper46. A. cha

13、irsB. bowlsC. busesD. rooms47. A. expectedB brokenC. discoveredD. developed48. A. punishB. allowC. inviteD. understand49. A. naturallyB. similarlyC. importantlyD. interestingly50. A. societyB. familyC. schoolD. company【答案】41. C 42. B 43. A 44. B 45. D 46. B 47. D 48. A 49. C 50. A【导语】本文主要介绍了一项反对食物浪费

14、的规定。41 .句意：许多人甚至觉得，如果客人把桌上的食物都吃光了，他们会很丢脸。leaders 领导者；winners 赢家;guests 客人；officers 官员。根据空前的Chinese people are well-known for being hospitable （好客的）可知，此处是说，如果自己的“客人们“吃光了桌子上的食物，很多人甚至会觉 得丢脸。故选C。42 .句意：众所周知，食物浪费成了中国的一个严重问题。simple 简单的；serious 严重的；possible 可能的；different 不同的。根据“fbod waste becomes aproblem”

15、 可知，此处是说食物浪费成为一个“严重”问题。故选B。43 .句意：幸运的是，这种情况可以在规则的帮助下改变。change改变；accept接受；create创造；return归还。根据空后的“with the help of a rule”及下文内容可知， 此处表示这种情况会有所“改变L故选A。44 .句意：根据该规定，食品供应商鼓励或强迫人们点太多食物的，将面临最高1万元的罚款。sell 卖；order 点菜；cook 烹饪；taste 品类。结合下文中的“they should remind people to order the.amount offood”可知，此处是说，鼓励或者强迫

16、人们“点太多食物”的供应商可能会面临高达一万元的罚款。故选Bo45 .句意：他们应该提醒人们点适量的食物。same 同样的;total 全部的；large 大的；proper 恰当的。根据上文“who encourage or force people to.too much food may face fines （罚款）of up to 10,000 yuan.”可知，此处说强迫人们点太多食物的供应商会面临罚 款。因此这里是说应该提醒人们点“适量的”食物。故选D。46 .句意：现在很多人通过在网上分享空碗的照片和视频来支持这项规定。chairs 椅子；bowls 碗；buses 公共汽车；

17、rooms 房间。根据上文中的people are encouraged to finish all the food on the dining table可知，此处是说，现在很多人通过在网上分享“空碗”的照片和视频的方式来表示 自己对该规定的支持。故选B。47 .句意：许多中国人已经养成了把剩菜带回家的习惯。expected 期望；broken 违反；discovered 发现；developed 发展。根据空后“the habit of taking leftovers （吃剩 的食物）home可知，此处是固定搭配，develop the habit of意为”养成的习惯故选D。48 .

18、句意：引入这项规定的目的不是为了惩罚任何人，而是为了避免食物浪费。punish 惩罚；allow 允许；invite 邀请；understand 理解。根据上文中的“may face fines （罚款）of up to10,000 yuan.”可知，此处说推行这项规定不是为了“惩罚”任何人，而是为了避免食物浪费。故选A。49 .句意：重要的是，它是一种资源浪费。naturally 自然地；similarly 相似地；importantly 重要地；interestingly 有趣地。根据it is a waste of resources （资源）.可知，浪费食物不仅仅浪费钱，“更重要的是“

19、它浪费资源。故选C。50 .句意：创建一个环境友好型社会是必要的。society 社会；family 家庭；school 学校；company 公司。 根据It，s necessary to create an environmentally friendly”可知，此处是说创建一个环境友好型“社会”是必要的。故选A。1）确定填入单词的词性。2）根据短语的固定搭配。3）固定的句式结构。4）利用冒号或者破折号。5）利用句子在语段中的“地位，限时检测一、完形填空COVID - 19 outbreak drives the general public to take measures to pro

20、tect themselves. In many Asian countries ifs to see people wearing masks （口 罩）in public.However, this practice is almost unheard-of in many Western countries.In many Asian countries, people with colds are 2 to wear masks to prevent others from getting sick. Some people with allergies （过敏症）feel that

21、wearing masks helps them breathe better. Masks have 3 become a fashion accessory （酉己饰）.Some people like the mysterious 4 masks give them, while others enjoy the feeling of privacy they provide in public.However, in most Western countries, masks are only worn by hospital workers and 5, If you wear on

22、ein public, people might find it unusual or may worry that you have a terrible disease. Whafs more, masks arent usually thought as a way to 6 illness. Instead, more attention is paid on hand washing, and people who are sick are encouraged to stay home.In addition in 7 like France, Italy, and Austria

23、, it is actually against laws to wear a mask in public. The laws try to stop people from hiding their faces for public safety. This is 8 wearing a mask would make it more difficult for the police to find a criminal. Some countries 9 wearing masks only in high-rick situations, such as public events o

24、r protests. In others, wearing a mask anywhere in public could very well result in a fine （罚款）.As you can see, masks are treated very 10 in Asia and the West. While cultural differences like these are important to avoid, we should all try to understand and respect each other no matter what.1. A. com

25、mon B. difficultC. specialD.comfortable2. A. refused B. remembered C. encouraged D. disagreed3. A. stillB. alsoC. insteadD. yet4. A. soundB tasteC. smellD. look5. A. patientsB studentsC teachersD. players6. A. developB reachC. preventD. find7. A. villagesB townsC. citiesD. countries8. A. althoughB b

26、ecauseC. unlessD. until9. A. allowB acceptC. studyD. believe10. A. easilyB. importantlyC. differentlyD. carefully【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B4. D 5. A 6. C7. D 8. B 9. A10. C【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了中西方国家对待口罩态度的不同及原因。1 .句意：在许多亚洲国家看到人们在公众场合戴着口罩是常见的。common 常见的；difficult 困难的；special 特殊的；comfortable 舒服的。根据下句“However, th

27、is practice is almost unheard-of in many Western countries.”可知，这种做法在许多西方国家几乎闻所未闻，前后句是转折 的关系，可见戴口罩在亚洲国家是常见的。故选A。2 .句意：在许多亚洲国家，感冒的人被鼓励戴口罩，以防止其他人生病。refused 拒绝；remembered 记忆；encouraged 鼓励；disagreed 不同意。根据“to prevent others from getting sick.可知，以防止其他人生病，可见感冒患者被鼓励戴口罩。故选C。3 .句意：口罩也已经成为时尚配饰。still 仍然；also 也；

28、instead 相反；yet 还。根据上文“people with colds are.to wear masks to prevent others from getting sick.Some people with allergies （过敏症）feel that wearing masks helps them breathe better.”可矢口， 感冒患者与过敏症患者戴口罩，本句also表示递进：口罩也成为时尚配饰，故选B。4 .句意：有些人喜欢口罩给他们带来的神秘外观，而另一些人则喜欢在公共场合带来的隐私感。sound 听起来；taste 尝起来;smell 闻起来；look

29、外观。根据while others enjoy the feeling of privacy they provide in public.”可知，一些人喜欢口罩带来的隐私感，本句则对应是的是一些人喜欢口罩带来的神秘外 观。故选D。5 .句意：然而，在大多数西方国家，只有医院工作人员和病人才戴口罩。patients 病人；students 学生；teachers 老师；players 选手。 根据“masks are only worn by hospital workers and”可知，和医院工作人员并列的应是病人。故选A。6 .句意：更重要的是，人们通常不认为口罩是阻止疾病的一种方式。d

30、evelop 发展；reach 至U达；prevent 阻止；find 发现。根据“Instead, more attention is paid on hand washing, and people who are sick are encouraged to stay home.”可知，他们认为生病了应是洗手、呆在家里，也就是 不认为戴口罩可以阻止疾病。故选C。7 .句意：此外，在一些国家像法国、意大利和奥地利，在公共场合戴口罩实际上是违法的。villages 村庄；towns 城镇；cities 城市；countries 国家。根据In addition in.like France,

31、 Italy, and Austria,” 以及常识可知，法国、意大利和奥地利是国家名称。故选D。8 .句意：这是因为戴着口罩会使警察更难找到罪犯。although 尽管；because 因为；unless 除非；until 知道。根据The laws try to stop people from hiding their faces for public safety. This is.wearing a mask would make it more difficult for the police to find a criminal.“可 知，“法律试图阻止人们掩面”和“戴着口罩会使

32、警察更难找到罪犯”是因果关系，需用because引到原因状 语从句。故选B。9 .句意：一些国家只在公共活动或抗议等高风险情况下才允许戴口罩。allow 允许；accept 接受；study 学习；believe 相信。根据下句In others, wearing a mask anywhere in public could very well result in a fine （罚款”可知，戴着口罩在公共地方很可能导致罚款，可见，只有在高风险情 况下才允许戴口罩。故选A。10 .句意：如你所见，口罩在亚洲和西方的待遇非常不同。easily 容易地；importantly 重要地；diffe

33、rently 不同地；carefully 认真地。根据While cultural differences like these are important to avoid,”可知，这样的文化差异无法避免，可见亚洲和西方的对待口罩的方式截然 不同。故选C。Have you ever heard of e-waste （electric waste,电子垃圾）？ How do you deal with your MP4 players, mobile phones and your computer when they9 re broken or you want a new one?Mos

34、t people just throw them away. With the 11 of electric industry, e-waste pollution has become a serious problem. According to the United Nations, in 2014, people around the world produced 41.8 million tons of e-waste and only 12 less than 20% of it. The US was 13 waster, producing 7.1 million tons.

35、China came second, 146 million tons.Its important to pay attention to e-waste. It can 15 be valuable or harmful, depending on how we deal with it. E-waste is a valuable urban mine （城市矿藏）.The value of the metals, like gold and silver is 16.And the metals can be reused. But if people throw them away,

36、the toxic chemicals （有毒化学物质）can17the earth or air. They will affect the environment and peoples health.Now, Apple recycles peoples used products in China when they are buying new ones. The company will test and repair the used 18 and sell them at lower prices. 19 e-waste, we can also take computers

37、and phones to see 20 companies offer recycling programs.11. A. developingB , developedC. development12. A. recycledB. rebuiltC. researched13. A. bigB. biggerC. the biggest14. A. duringB. withC. between15. A. bothB - eitherC. neither16. A. amazingB. disappointingC. boring17. A. get upB get intoC. get

38、 on18. A. themB thoseC. ones19. A. To increaseB To reduceC. To keep20. A. thatB , whereC whether【答案】11. C 12. A 13. C14. B 15. B 16. A 17. B18. C 19. B 20. C【分析】随着电子工业的快速发展，电子垃圾污染也成了一个严峻的问题，因为电子垃圾会污染我们的 生态环境以及影响我们的身体健康。故回收利用电子产品，减少电子垃圾变得格外重要。11 .句意：随着电子工业的发展，电子垃圾污染已成为一个严重的问题。根据后面名词所有格of的结构可知，此空格应该用名

39、词形式，developing和developed为形容词， development 为名词。with the development of 随着的发展。故选 C。12 .句意：全世界的人们产生了 4180万吨电子垃圾，其中只有不到20%的电子垃圾被循环利用。A. recycled 循环利用；B. rebuilt 重建；C. researched 研究。根据语境“people around the world produced 41.8 million tons of e-waste.”可推知，仅仅不超过20%的垃圾被回收，recycled意为“再利用；回收利用故答 案选Ao13 .句意：美国是

40、世界上最大的电子垃圾制造者。A. big大的；B. bigger较大的；C.the biggest最大的。in the world是比较的范围，故用最高级，前面常 用定冠词the。根据下句“China came second （中国位列第二）”可知，美国是最大的电子垃圾制造者。故 答案选C。14 .句意：中国位列第二，有六百万吨。A. during在期间；B. with带有；C.between在两者之间。根据6 million tons,结合选项，推测意思是 有600万吨，这里用with表示一种伴随状态，意为“具有；带有: 故选B。15 .句意：它要么是有价值的，要么是有害的，取决于我们如何处

41、理它。A. both两者都；B. either二者任选其一;C.neither两者都不。根据valuable or harmful,结合选项，推测 意思是既有价值，又有害，固定搭配eitheror意为或者或者） 故答案选B。16 .句意：金属的价值，像金银，是惊人的。A. amazing 惊异的;B. disappointing 失望的;C. boring 无聊的。根据 E-waste is a valuable urban mine 电子 废弃物是一种有价值的城市矿山.结合选项，推测意思是金属的价值，如金银，是令人惊叹的。故答案 选Ao17 .句意：但是如果人们把它们扔掉，有毒的化学物质会进

42、入土壤或空气中。A. get up起床;B.get into进入；C.get on上车。根据the earth or air,结合选项，推测意思是有毒的化学 物质可以进入土地或空气中，get into意为“进入，陷入”。故选B。18 .句意：公司将对旧产品进行测试和维修，并以较低的价格出售。A. them 它们；B. those 那些；C. ones 代词。根据 Now, Apple recycles peoples used products in China when they*re buying new结合选项，推测意思是现在，在中国，当人们买新的电子产品的时候，苹果公司回收人 们使用过

43、的产品，用。nes指代前文的电子产品，故选C。19 .句意：为了减少电子垃圾，我们还可以带着电脑和手机来看看公司是否提供回收计划。A. To increase 增加；B. To reduce 减少；C. To keep 保持。根据 companies offer recycling programs.结合选 项，推测意思是“为了减少电子垃圾，我们还可以用电脑和手机来看看公司是否提供回收这些电子垃圾的 计划”。故答案选B。20 .句意：为了减少电子垃圾，我们还可以用电脑和手机来看看公司是否提供回收计划。A. that 那个；B. where 哪里；C. whether 是否。根据 compani

44、es can offer recycling programs.结合选项,推 测意思是“你也可以带他们去看看公司是否可以提供回收项目，故选Co【点睛】短文给我们介绍了电子垃圾，电子垃圾对环境和人们的健康是有危害的，因此我们应想办法正 确处理电子垃圾，减少污染。内容贴近我们日常生活，与我们的生活质量息息相关。考查的题型是完形 填空。做该题型试题时，首先应跳过空格通读全文，以全文为背景，联系句子的上下文进行推理和判 断，从4个选项中选出一项进行试填。考生可以从词义用法、固定搭配、逻辑推理和上下文的联系等方 面去考虑。最后应再把全文通览一遍，细心检查所选答案能否使短文上卜连贯，前后呼应，词句通顺，

45、使短文意思完整。例如第8小题是考查代词辨析。A. them它们，代替上文提到的物（指相同的事物）， 即指同名同物；B.those那些，可代替上文提到的名词，表示特指（相当于the+名词复数），同名但不是 相同的事物；Cones指代上文提到的名词的复数，表示泛指，同名但不是相同的事物。此处用用。nes指 代前文的电子产品。故答案为C。Customers in the US spend less money on Black Friday than previous (以前的)years.Black Friday is the day after Thanksgiving in the US. T

46、hanksgiving is always the fourth 21 in November.Black Friday is traditionally the day when the Christmas shopping period begins. It is usually one of the22 days of the year for sellers.Many sellers 23 their prices to encourage shoppers to spend their money. Some customers arrive at stores before the

47、y open, and wait in line for a chance to buy 24 things.Last year, Americans 25 a total of $57.4 billion over the four days (from Thursday to Sunday).However, this year, experts think that the amount will 26 to around $ 50.9 billion.Black Friday started in the US, but has become more popular in other 27 recently.Many customers from the UK have started spending more money on Black Friday, even though British people dont celebrate Thanksgiving.Online seller Amazon UK said that Friday was its busiest day ever. According to the 28. customersbought 5.5 million products on Friday, which was around 6