2023年上海市中考英语【热点·重点·难点】二轮综合复习-重难点12 阅读理解A篇之说明文（学生版）.docx

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1、重难点12阅读理解A篇之说明文(学生版)(建议用时：30分钟)命题趋势中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通 过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A,B, C,D四个选项中选出最佳答案或做出正误判断。文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同，要求 阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。主要涉及到记叙文，说明文，应用文等。满分技巧四种题型:1.细节理解题考察方面：学生对相关信息的识别能力，答案一般可在原文定位到答题事项：应迅速找到并且定位到考点，不可望文生义和主观臆断干扰选项：一般与文中观点相反，不符，未涉及，特征是无中生有，张冠李

2、戴，以偏 概全，扩大内容解题技巧:通读短文，领会文章大意，理解文章结构层次及细节，特别注意：1 .五个 W ( who , which , when , where , what )和一个 H ( how )；2 .数字、日期、时间等；3 .注意加强语气的词，运用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项，剩下的就是最佳答案。4 .词句猜测题此题要求考生正确理解短文中的一些关键词语或句子的含义，常用的方法是多种表达 法、一词多义法、同义近义或反义提示法、习语释文法及句型转换法等。解题技巧：1 .正确理解题意，从短文中找到相关的词、短语或句子，根据特定的语境来判断理解, 推敲斟酌和最后确定其准确含义。2 .

3、根据上下文猜测词义的技巧：(1 )注意定义和解释；(2 )同义词或近义词的提示；(3 )近义词和反义词的提示；(4 )利用悬念的属种关系；(5 )借助已有知识或生活常识。3 .推理判断题(不要自行推理+过度推理)考察方面：透过文章的信息进入深刻的分析，归纳和推断得解答题事项：应迅速找到并且定位到考点，不可望文生义和主观臆断 解题技巧：1 .分析文章的主旨。2 .分清文章的主要思想及次要思想。3 .寻找文章的逻辑思路。4 .核对问题中各项选择与文章中有关词句的联系。5 .主旨人意题(Best title)考察方面：学生对文章主旨的驾驭能力，答案一般需要合理的归纳和总结得到答题事项：通过略读来快速

4、把握文章的中心，阅读时视域要宽，紧抓对主题句搜索, 按意群进行阅读，避免阅读中的出声，指读，复视或停顿。一、阅读单选Tea is an important part of Chinese tradition. Tea has very close relationship to Chinese culture.It is said that Chinese tea was discovered by King Shen Nong. People say that he lived 5, 000 years ago. One summer day, while he was visiting a

5、 faraway part of his country, he felt very thirsty. The servants began to make water hot enough to turn into gas for him to drink. Dried leaves from a near plant fell into the water. The king drank some, and found it could make him feel less tired. Also as a scientist, Shen Nong was interested in th

6、e new drink. And so, tea was discovered in 2737 BC.Drinking tea has many advantages. It makes people feel less tired, clears heat inside the human body and helps people lose weight. As you add a cup of tea to your daily life, please check the following helpful advice. Drink it hot. Tea oxidizes （氧化）

7、 quickly, so it is suggested that you drink it hot. Do not drink too much strong tea. It will probably be harmful to your stomach and make you feel sick if you make the tea too strong. The best time to drink tea is between meals. It may not make you have a strong wish to eat when your stomach is emp

8、ty, or cause stomachache when your stomach is full. Do not drink with medicine. It may change the medical result. You can drink tea two hours after you take medicine. Green tea is the best choice for office workers. Why? Because green tea helps stop the bad result of the computer.1. Paragraph （段落）2

9、is mainly about.A. when King Shen Nong livedB where Chinese tea was createdC. how Chinese tea was discoveredD. why King Shen Nong drank tea2. Drinking tea has lots of advantages EXCEPT.A. helping you lose weightB. letting you feel less tiredC. having a strong wish for foodD. clearing heat inside you

10、r body3. Mr. Smith is a computer teacher. Hed better drink.A. green teaB. black teaC. strong teaD. coffee with milk4. What can we learn from the passage?A. Shen Nong didnt like the new drink.B The best time to drink tea is before meals.C. Drink tea hot because it oxidizes quickly.D. We should drink

11、tea with medicine.5 . The passage is mainly written to.A. let us know how tea was discoveredB , give some advice about drinking teaC. tell people the history of teaD. advise people to drink green teaGulangyu, a beautiful island, was successfully listed in the UNESCO World Heritage List on July 8th,

12、2017.Its not only the pride of my hometown, but the pride of the whole nation.Gulangyu is separated from Xiamen by the 600-metre-wide Egret River （鹭江），with an area of 1.91 square kilometers. Ifs like a garden on the water. You can go there only by ship. Cars, buses and bikes are not allowed to run o

13、n the island. It is so quiet that wherever you go, you can hear the sound of playing the piano. As a result of this, it is called “the island of music”.The first name of the island was Yuan Zhou Zi. In the Ming dynasty, it was changed to Gulangyu, meaning “drum waves”. Because the holes in the south

14、western reefs hit by the waves make sounds like the drum beating.Today, Gulangyu is listed as one of the nations major travelling places. The main places of interest here include the Sunlight Rock, Shuzhuang Park, Piano Museum and Memorial Hall to Zheng Chenggong which are visited by millions of peo

15、ple from all parts of the country and the world. Whats more, the buildings and food are popular with visitors.Therefore, I hope our government can protect the fairyland well, especially the environment.6. Where does the writer come from?A. Beijing.B. Fujian.C. Japan.D. I dont know.7. Which is NOT tr

16、ue according to the passage?A. The area of Gulangyu is less than 2 square kilometers.B Gulangyu is honoured as the island of music” and “a garden on the water”.C. Gulangyu got its name in the Tang dynasty.D. Gulangyu is on the UNESCO World Heritage List now.8. The underlined word “ree 自 in Paragraph

17、 3 probably means in Chinese.A.暗礁B.沙滩C.建筑D.渔船9. What can we learn from the passage?A. Gulangyu doesnt have a long history.B. Visitors dont like the buildings on the island.C. Gulangyu is famous all over the world.D. The writer isnt worried about the environmental problem.10. Where may the passage be

18、 from?A. A storybook. B. A poster.C. A diary.D. A blog.“A friend in need is a friend indeed. Friends are important to us. Friends help us get through hard times.Friends also influence us a lot. Lefs enjoy two poems about friendship.赠 汪:伦To Wang LunI, Li Bai, sit aboard a ship about to go, When sudde

19、nlyon shore your farewell songs your farewell. However deepthe Lake of Peach Blossoms may be, It is not so deep, OWang Lun!As your love for me.A Time to TalkBy Robert FrostWhen a friend calls to me from the road And slows his horse to a meaning walk, I dont stand still and look around On all the hil

20、ls I havent hoed, And shout from where I am, what is it? No, not as there is a time to talk.I thrust my hoe in the mellow ground （把锄头插 入松土）. Blade （刀片）-end up and five feet tall, And plod （吃力行进）：I go up to the stone wall for a friendly visit.Both poems are famous in their cultures, but they tell dif

21、ferent stories. Li Bai described the scene （场景）ofhis friend seeing him off. US poet Robert Frost wrote about a friends visit when he was working. Li made a comparison. His poem shows the friendship between him and his friend is deeper than the deep water. Frosts poem, on the other hand, tells the re

22、aders that we should stop what we are doing to talk with our friends. It tells us that nothing should get in the way of spending time with friends. The language is simple but sincere.11. What are friends in the passage?Friends are in need.Friends are important to us.Friends influence us a lot. Frien

23、ds help us get through hard times.A.B.C.D.12. What scene did Li Bai describe in the poem?A. Ships on the lake.C. Peach Blossoms.B , Wang Lun seeing him off.D. Songs sung by Wang Lun.A. Friendship.B. Culture.C. Meaning.D. Comparison.13. What is deeper than the Lake of Peach Blossoms in the first poem

24、?14. According to Robert Frost, which one is the right way to treat someone we care about?A. Stand still and look around.B.Finish the work then talk.C. Stop and have a friendly visit.D.Hoe hills and never shout.15. . What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. The end of the friendship.The popula

25、rity of the poems.C. The comparison of people.D.The analysis （分析）of the poems.The digital industry is developing rapidly. There are over seven million jobs in the computer science and technology industries in the United States alone. Yet there is still a gender gap 什生另U差异）when it comes to women in t

26、echnology. These women face many challenges （拟七战）and 41% of them give up trying. So what can be done to close this gender gap?First, women need to be encouraged to enter the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics （STEM）, as well as computer science. Its said that 74% of young wo

27、men express interest in STEM subjects and computer science. However, women hold only 18% of undergraduate （本科）computer science degrees and 26% of technology jobs. Early education must convey （传递）technology as a tool that can be used to solve problems in real life.Many young women are put off because

28、 they regard the technology as mens job. Women are short of role models. Only 5% of tech leaders are women. They can play a huge role for young women by giving them encouragement, support and guidance. They can also help attract more women to get into the field. However, men working in the tech indu

29、stry have a duty to listen to women and keep a comfortable work culture as well.If we go on to empower （授权）women in the tech industry, it will be good for everyone.16. What is the rate of women who give up trying in technology?A. 5%.B. 18%.C. 26%.D. 41%.17. What is not included in STEM?A. Science.B.

30、 English.C. Technology.D. Mathematics.18. Why are young women discouraged from working in technology industries?A. Because they regard the technology as mens job.B. Because there are many women role models in IT.C. Because they are not interested in computer science.D. Because technology is useless

31、in solving real life problems. 19. What do men need to do?A. Be tech leaders.B. Replace women. C. Listen to women. D. Attract more men.20. What is the passage about?A. Gender gap in IT.B. Computer Science. C. More Encouragement. D. Tech Work Culture.A hobby can be almost anything a person likes to d

32、o in his free time. Hobbyists keep pets, build model ships, watch birds, climb mountains, grow flowers, fish, ski, skate, swim, etc. Hobbyists also paint pictures, attend concerts and plays and perform on musical instruments. They collect everything from books to butterflies, andfrom coins to stamps

33、.People have hobbies because these activities offer enjoyment, friendship, knowledge and relaxation.Sometimes they even make some money by following a hobby. Hobbies help people relax after hard work, and provide a balance （平衡）between work and play. Hobbies also offer more interesting activities for

34、 persons who have retired （退休）.Anyone, rich or poor, old or young, sick or well, can follow an interesting hobby.Hobbies can help a persons mental （精神的）and physical health. Doctors have found that hobbies are helpful for patients to recover （恢复）from physical or mental illness. Hobbies give patients

35、something to do, and provide interest that keeps them from thinking about themselves.In early years, most people were too busy making a living to have many hobbies. But some persons who were free enjoy hobbies.People today have more time than before for hobbies. Machines have reduced （减少）the amount

36、（数量）time they must spend on their jobs. More people retire at an earlier age than before. Those who have developed hobbies never need to worry about what to do with their free hours.Sir William Osier, a famous Canadian doctor, expressed the value of hobbies by saying, “No man is really happy or safe

37、 without a hobby.”21. According to the passage, a hobby may be.A. ones common activity in his officeB. a kind of activity only for old peopleC. a kind of activity only for young peopleD. a kind of activity a person likes to do in his free time22. Which of the following is NOT true according to the p

38、assage?A. Hobbies can offer enjoyment, friendship, knowledge and relaxation.B Hobbies can help people relax after hard work.C Hobbies can offer low interesting activities for old people.D. Hobbies can be followed by poor and sick people.23. Doctors found the hobbies are according to the passage.A. h

39、elpful for patients to become well again from illnessB helpful for people to get up earlyC helpful for patients to take medicineD. helpful for people to sleep well24. Whats the writers idea about hobbies?A. Hobbies are only popular among the retired people.B. People today have little time for their

40、hobbies.C. Everyone should have hobbies in his free time.D. People all over the world should have the same hobby25 . Why do people today have more time than before for hobbies? More people retire at an earlier age than before. Those who have developed hobbies never need to worry about what to do with their free hours. Machines have reduced （减少）the amount （数量）time they must spend on their jobs. More people retire at a later age than before.A.B.C.D.