+Unit7+grammar五大基本句型 牛津译林版八年级英语上册.docx

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1、知识点精析8A Unit7五大基本句型一、词性英语词类包括实词与虚词。英语词性分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。1、实词：指有实在意义,在句中能独立承担句子成分的词,其一个重要的特点是，实词直 词形的变化,尤其是动词，可谓变化多端。2.虚词：指没有多少实在意义,在句中不能独立承担句子成分,其一个重要特点是，虚词 没有词形的变化。二、句子成分（一）主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。可以作主语的词性或语法结构：1 .名词2.代词3.数词4.名词化的形容词（如therich）5.不定式6.动名词7.主语从句等表示。在下面句子的

2、主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。 We often speak English in class. One-third of the students in this class are girls.（3） To swim in the river is a great pleasure. Smoking does harm to the health. The rich should help the poor. When we are going to have English test has not been decided. It is necessary to master a

3、foreign language.（二）谓语谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下：1 .简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He pragticgg running everyjrionHng.He reads pe wspaper$e very .day.2 .复合谓语:A. much heavyB. more heavierC. much heavierD. more heavy30 .What does your sister look like?A. Shes luckyB. Shes tall with long hairC She is a te

4、acherD she is happy31 .Theyre very able to finish work with money.A. fewer, lessB. more, fewer C. more, less D.more, more32 .一How many hours does it you to do your work?一About three and a half hours.A. takeB. costC. pay D. spend33 . The weather in Beijing is different.A. from Nanjing B. as Nanjing C

5、. from that Nanjing D. from that in Nanjing 34. The students look and their teacher is looking at them.A. happy; happilyB. happily; happilyC. happily; happyD. happy; happy35.- What about this green dress? Perhaps its the right size for you.一.Yes, of course.A. Have you got red dresses?B.OK, Ill take

6、it.C. May I try it on?D. How much does it cost?.21. If you buy Iphonexs in our shopping mall, you will get umbrella for free.A. a , anB. an , anC. an , aD . a , a22. We will have a trip to France next week.A. Have a good time B. We willC. Tm happy to hear it D. Dont forgetit.23. A number of students

7、 in the library .The number of the teachers in our school about 200.A. is , areB. is , isC. are , are D. are , is24. Could you please buy an MP4 like this , Uncle?Sure . Til buy one than this , but this .A. a cheaper ,better thanB.a better , better thanC. a worse , as nice asD.a more expensive , wor

8、se than25. Dont drink soft drink , or you will be fat.A. too much , much tooB.much too , much tooC. too much , too muchD.much too , too much26. They all look at the master and felt quite.A. sad , sadB. sadly , sadly C. sad , sadly D. sadly , sad27. We had 7 days for the National Day .A. onB. offC. o

9、utD. in28. You can the article and find out the main idea of it.A. look afterB. look forC. look throughD. look out of29.1 spend as much time as I can you with your English.A. to helpB. helpC. helpingD. will help30. ?He is friend and helpful.A. What is he like?B. What does he like?C. What is he look

10、like?D. What does he look like?31. Simon is. Hes always willing to share his nice food with us at the party.A. hard-working B. generous C. handsome D. boring32. Where is Mary flying?She is flying to France soon. She will arrive Paris the morning of July 2.A. to , onB. at, onC. in , inD . in , on33.

11、The news made him.A. feels excited B. to feel excited C. feel excited D. to feel exciting 34. He has money but friends of all.A. the most, the mostB . the fewest, the mostC. the least, the mostD. the least, fewest35. In the reading class , the you are , the you can find answers in the passage.A. car

12、eful, easilyB. more careful, more easilyC. more carefully , easierD. careful, easier由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如：You rnavkeeo the book for two weeks.He has cusht a bad cold.My sister iscrying over there.I havebeenwait for you all the time.Iwouldstay at home all day.（三）表语表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, b

13、ecome, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、 动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。1 .画出下列句中的表语，并说明由什么充当。The weather has turned cold.The speech is exciting.His job is to teach English.His hobby （爱好）is playing football.The truth is that he has never been abroad.（四）宾语宾语由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介

14、词后面。宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语，分别构成动宾结构和介词结构。L画出下列句中的宾语，并说明由什么充当。They planted many trees yesterday.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.I enjoy listening to popular music.（五）宾语补足语英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的 意义完整。宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。换句话说，在意思上，宾语相当于 宾补的主语。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等）+宾语+宾补。宾

15、补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。1 .用下画线画出下列句中的宾语补足语，并指出是什么词充当，同时体会宾补和宾语之间的 逻辑关系。His father named him Dongming.They painted their boat white.You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.We saw her entering the room.I want your homework done on time.（六）主补（表语）对主语的补充。含有宾语补足语的句子在变成被动语态，宾语作主语时，原来的宾补 就成了主语补

16、足语。She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（七）定语定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“的”表示。 定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。在英语中，许多情况下，定语是放在所修饰词后面的，这点与汉语习惯不同，也是许多 同学不能读懂长句的主要原因。L副词用作定语一般要后置。People there are very friendly.（那儿的人们）He didnt like the man downstairs.（楼下的那个人）2 形容词短语作定语

17、一般放在所修饰词之后。单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前，而形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之 后。The next man is a scientist.The man next to me is a scientist.（我旁边的那个人）3 .介词短语作定语时要后置。The boy under the tree is Tom.（树下的那个男孩）The tallest boy in our class is John.（我们班最高的那个男孩）4 .现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式作定语常后置。I have something to say.（直译：我有要说的话）The boy cry

18、ing over there is my classmate.（在那边哭的那个男孩）The house built last year is impressive.（去年建的那座房子）（A）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫作状语。He writes carefully. He walks slowly.（认真地写，慢慢地走，修饰动词用副词，作状语）This material is environmentally friendly.（修饰形容词用副词，作状语）He runs very slowly.（修饰副词slowly,因此very是副词,作状语）Unfo

19、rtunately, he lost all of his money.（修饰整个句子用副词，作状语）1 .几个并列状语的先后顺序：方式一地点一时间一个句中有几个并列状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式一地点一时间。如：He worked hard aLhis lessons last year.I found a lost pen outside our school yesterday morning.He was walking slowly outside the park at that moment.2 .频度副词 often, always, usually, sometimes

20、, never 等在句中的位置位于情态动词、系动词、助动词之后，实义动词之前。You can never tell what he will do.He is often late.He is always helping others.He often came late.3 .状语按意义分类在句子成分中，主语、谓语、宾语、定语、表语、补语都比较好辨认，如果这几个成分 都不是，那很可能就是状语了。因此，状语的种类很多，可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、 结果、程度、条件、方式和让步等。1）指出下列画线部分属于什么状语。I. How about meeting again asix?IL Mr.

21、 Smith lives on the third floor.III. Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.IV. She put the eggs into the basket with_great_care.V. She came in with a dictionary in her hand.VI. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.VII. To make his dream come true2 Tom bec

22、omes very interested in business.VIII. The boy needs a pen yerjc_much.IX. The boy really needs a pen.（九）同位语同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定 语。如：We students should study hard. / （students 是 we 的同位语，都是指同一批“学生”）Ifs good to us students.选择正确答案，并口头说出句中那个是同位语。1） ） The young man,works in the office.A. m

23、e brother B. my brother C. my brothers D. me2） Our English teacher, often helps us with study.A. Mrs. Wang B. Mrs. WangsC. Mrs. Wangs. D. of him3） , some railway workers, are busy repairing the train.A. Them B. He C. They D. Theirs三、句子结构句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She did

24、ntt hear of you before.2 ）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Maiy can swim, cant she?3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don*t talk in class4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!2、按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and

25、 Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2）并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在 一起构成。e.g. You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、 宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句

26、等。e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.四、简单句的五大基本句型1. S+V （主 + 谓）SV（不及物动词）The moonrose.We allbreathe, eat, and drink. Timeflies.Iwalk slowly. Theytalked for an hour.His parentshave worked in the factory for more than ten years.Westopped to have a rest.The

27、 old manwalked in the park.Heis playing. Theyhave gone.2. S +V +P（主+系+表）SV（系动词）P （表语） Thisisan English dictionary.Thesmellsgood.Hefellin love.EverythingHeThe troubleOur wellHis facelooksis growingis has gone turneddifferent.tall and strong.that they are short of money.dry.red.3. S +V +0（主+谓+宾）V （实义动

28、词）0（宾曲1. Who2. She3. lie8. He5. They6. Dunny7.14.know/ faiugh 3 vndcTwtund% made ateNkc% WMnt “aidthe nnxwer? ber.Eng|i%h. cakE wmc apple%. domiK to have cup of te “Gxd morning.914. S +V +10+0 （主+谓+间宾+直宾）S V（及 o名物） 指人）1. She parsedhim2. She cookedher3. Hehu%bMRnd.bow to run the michine.（hat the bus

29、late.【批注工谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接 承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间 接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。能与 to 搭配的动词有 bring, feed, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, post, read, sell, send, show, take, teach, tell, write 等；能与 for 搭配的动词有 bring, build, buy, cook, find, get, leave, make, order, pic

30、k, save 等。5. S +V +0 +C （主+谓+宾+宾补）s V （及物）0（宾诩）C （宾，卜）I. We 2.Thcy 3. They 4. They 5. Wluit 6. We 7. Hekeep painted oill found nukMMSW askedMawthe table clean.the door green.“upper dinner.the hounc dirty.him sad?him out me to come bsck soon, them cttinj* on the busu 常跟带to的动词不定式作宾补的动词有：ask, tell, ord

31、er, invite, get, allow, wish, want, encourage, advise, warn, like, love, hate 等。常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾补的动词有：一感feel,二听listen to, hear,三使役make,let, have, 五看 look at, see, watch, notice, observe. 其中感官动词还可接doing作宾补。注意：在主动结构中省略的to在被动结构中要还原回去。练一练一、单选练习21. Look, there isone-meter-long cookie in the shop.-Oh, what

32、great fun.A. a, aB. an , /C. an, aD. a, /22. 一What do you think of my new dress, Millie?Its more beautiful than.A. anyone elses B. anyone else C. anyones else D. else anyones。23. Our school has several weeks in the summer holiday.A.offB.ofC.outD.away24. Children all like to play with snow. And the h

33、arder it snows, the the children will feel.A. happyB. happier C. happilyD. more happily25.1 think with friends is better than .A. chat ;watching TVB. chatting; watching TVC. chatting; watch TVD. chat ;watch TV26. Our teacher always funny jokes and makes us.A. says; laugh B. tells; laughing C. tells;

34、 to laugh D. tells; laugh27. Daniel has tried to lose by eating less recently, but two kilos has been put on instead.A. weightB. long C. weighD. wide28. 一 Jacky needs to practice badminton more often if he wants to join the school team.Thafs true. He doesnt spend enough time it.A. playing; practicin

35、g B. playing; to practiceC. to play; to practice D. to play; practicing29. John is kind and helpful. He often his seat the old on the bus.A. offers； toB. offers； /C. offers； withD. gives； /30. To live a better life, we should animals and the environment.A. care aboutB. look forC. run afterD. laugh a

36、t31. I like to wear the clothes made of cotton. They cost than the woolen ones. And theyre easier to look after.A. far moreB. much lessC. much cheaper D. a lot fewer32. _?He is modest and energetic.A. What does your monitor like?B. How do you think of your monitor?C. How do you like your monitor?D.

37、What do you like your monitor?33. 一I think reading is more important than speaking in our English study.一I don*t agree. Speaking is reading.A. not as important as B. so important as C. not important than D. as important as34. The boy is very,he often shares his things with others.A.helpfulB.generous

38、C.honestD.smart35. Would you like to travel with me after this exam? .1 cant wait.A. Thafs all rightB. Of course notC. Me tooD. Yes, Td love to二、单选练习21. Why did you laugh just now?-Ted wanted to tell us very funny story, but he forgot end himself.A./;the B. a; an C. a; theD. the; the22. exciting new

39、s! We will have long holiday after the exam.A. What an; a B. What; a C. How an; the D. How; the23. What is the American English fbr 电景2”?A. filmB. cinemaC. movieD. video24. Daniel is a boy. He never says rude things.A. helpfulB. friendlyC. carefulD. polite25. We want someone else to teach usA. somet

40、hing differentB. different somethingC. anything differentD. different something26. The students have about twenty days for Spring Festival every year.A. onB. outC. inD. off27. the students in my class 50.A . The number of, isB. The number of, areC. A number of, isD. A number of, are28. The girl long hair is in her class.A. has, tallest B. has, the tallest C. with, taller D. with, the tallest29. A horse is than a dog.