2023年考研外语考试题目及答案9.docx
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1、考研外语考试题目及答案9一、Use of English1、 Humans have altered the worlds climate by (1) heat-trapping gases since almost the beginning of civilization and even prevented the start of an ice age several thousand years ago, a scientist said.Most scientists (2)a rise (3)global temperatures over the past century (
2、4) to emissions of carbon dioxide (5) human activities like driving cars and operating factories.Dr. William Ruddiman, a professor at the University of Virginia, said at a meeting of the American Geophysical Union (6) humans effect (7)climate went back nearly 10, 000 years (8)people gave up hunting
3、and gathering and began farming. In a commentary accompanying the article, Dr. Thomas J. Crowley of Duke University, said he (9)Dr. Ruddimans premise at first. But when I started reading, Dr. Crowley wrote, I could not help but (10) whether he just might be (11) something. z/The climate of the last
4、10, 000 years has been unusually stable, in the near futureMylar in line 1 of the third paragraph is.A.a kind of kiteB.a kind of man-made materialC.the name of a kite factoryD.the name of a personWhat does the word which in line 3 of the third paragraph refer to?A.Bullet-proof vestsB.kite string”C.T
5、he kiteD.KevlarWhich of the following advantages doesn,t the TRAM have?A. The TRAM can help maintain continuous measurementsB. The instruments on the TRAM can be used for many timesC. The TRAM weighs only 18 kilogramsD. The TRAM can be operated from the groundThe kite is limited by the following con
6、ditions EXCEPTfor.A.the strength of the windB.air traffic conditionsC. the power requirements of the equipmentD.the movability of the TRAM6、The right to a trial by jury is a fundamental part of the United States legal system. It is a right firmly rooted in our democratic tradition. The jury system p
7、rovides a buffer between the complex and often inflexible legal system and the average citizen on trial. The right to be judged by a jury is a right that most Americans feel very strongly about. However, due to recent jury decisions, some critics are questioning the value of this institution.Our jur
8、y system is by no means flawless. It is subject to constant scrutiny and debate concerning its merit and its downfalls. As is true in all institutions, juries are capable of making mistakes. Psychological studies have been done on many aspects of jury behavior. Political scientists are also intrigue
9、d by juries and the manner in which they arrive at important decisions. Although most Americans believe in the jury system, there has been considerable controversy surrounding it lately. The public has become even moreconcerned about this institution recently. The outcomes of theRodney King, the 0.
10、J. Simpson, and the Menendez brothers trials in Los Angeles and the dissatisfaction that followed the jurys decisions are three examples of instances when the effectiveness of the jury system has come under fierce attack. From the public reaction to these decisions and others like them, it is very c
11、lear that the way in which juries reach their decisions is often as important to the American people as it is to the specific person on trial. Many people feel that the average jurist is not equipped to make the kinds of decisions they are faced with. These critics5 suggestions range from restructur
12、ing the system up to tally eliminating it.Most average Americans, I believe, feel that the right to a jury trial is a fundamental one, and its guarantees should be honored. These people would argue that laws are inflexible. They cannot deal with the individual circumstances in each case, but juries
13、can take these into account. Still others believe that juries are favorable because they reflect the morals and values of the community they come from. Indeed, many proponents of the jury support the system because of a particular kind of jury bias, the tendency for jurors, to place justice above th
14、e law.Opponents of the system argue that juries are uneducated inlegal procedures and should not be given the type of responsibility they have traditionally had. These people also argue that juries are biased. In fact, the psychological literature provides many examples of this bias. Jurors are less
15、 likely to punish a sad or distressed defendant, as opposed to a joyful one, apparently because the defendant is already being punished emotionally. Some opponents say that although juries are instructed not to pay attention to the media, they are more easily influenced by the news than judges. Crit
16、ics of the jury system also point out that juries are expensive and are often unable to reach an agreement. They argue that the decision making should be left up to the people who know the law, judges and lawyers.In between these two extremes are those people who agree with the jury system as a whol
17、e, but feel that some changes need to be implemented to improve its effectiveness. These people suggest that juries receive instruction prior to hearing testimony. They argue that this would improve the system by providing some working legal knowledge for the jury as well as giving them an idea of w
18、hat they are to listen for. Research has shown that exposing jurors to the laws involved in their decision making resulted in significantly fewer verdicts ofguilty. This finding suggests that lawyers and judges should have the responsibility of insuring that the jury is adequately informed of the le
19、gal issues at hand and the laws available to handle those issues.On the whole, though, I feel that the American guarantee of trial by jury is a valuable oneA.the jury system is unnecessarily complex and rigidB.recent jury decisions are made against the democratic traditionC. there is constant debate
20、 about its merit and its downfallsD. Some juries, have made mistakes recentlyOpponents of the jury system accuse jurors of.A.placing justice above the lawA. knowing nothing about the psychology of the accusedB. not having enough knowledge of the lawC. failing to consider individual circumstances of
21、each crime 8、To which of the arguments does the author agree?.A.The jury system is flawed beyond remedy8、 Some improvements should be made on the jury systemC.The jury system should be kept as it isD.The jury should be composed of judges and lawyersIt can be inferred from the fifth paragraph that.A.
22、the author is against the jury systemB. the jury is seldom adequately informed about the ease he is hearingC.better educated people should be selected for the juryD.enough legal knowledge helps jurors make fairer decisions 10、The authors attitude towards the jury system is.A.neutralB.biasedC.negativ
23、eD.positive11、Darwin is basically right, though only to some extent that species and individuals compete, fight, kill and survival belongs to the fittest. This is one of the most important mechanisms by which life evolves and maintains its quality. As the human society builds upon and is an extensio
24、n of the ecosystem, does it mean that for the human society to work well, man must apply this mechanism to her/his society also; say, let those who are not skillful enough to land a job starve to death?We may be enlightened with respect to this question through the examination of evolution in an eco
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