中考英语动词的时态总结.docx

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1、动词的时态L一般现在时结构:主语+动词原形，当主语为第三人称单数时在动词后加s或 es,如果动词是以辅音+y结尾的，要将y变i,再加es。用法：1）存状态。例如:Many students play basketball and football here after school every day.许多学生每天放学后在这儿打篮球、踢足球。2）表示客观事实或普遍真理。例如Qur teacher told us the earth is round.老师告诉我们地球是 圆的3）在if, as soon as, until, when等引导的状语从句中，用一般现在时代替物来时。例如:1 II c

2、limb the Great Wall as soon as I get to Beijing一到北京，我就去长城。If he asks me to morrow, I have to tell a lie.如果他明天问起我，我不得不撒谎。2 . 一般过去时结构:主语+动词的过去式。用法表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:Bill stayed away from school one hot day and went swimming.比尔在个热天逃学游泳去了。2)表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。例如:My mother often told me stories when I wa

3、s young.小时候妈 妈经常给我讲故事。注意:要掌握规则动词及不规则动词的过去式形式。3 .一般将来时结构:主语+will/shall+动词原形，或be going to+动词原形。用法:1) 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:l will get to the airport before 9:30.我要在九点半之前到达机 场。2)“begoingto+动词原形”表示计划、打算做某事，是已决定的、 很可能发生的事或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。例如:All of us are going to watch wonderful TV programs for the Spring Fest

4、ival on CCTV tonight今天晚上我们都要看中央电视台 精彩的春节晚会节目。3) “be about to+动词原形”和“be+todo”表示即将发生的动作 或有计划、有安排的活动。例如:We are about to live in London for about three weeks.我们要 在伦敦住三星期。4)动词 come, go, leave, arrive, stay, start, begin 等动词用进 行时表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。例如:Your grandpa is coming to see us tomorrow by plane.明天你 爷爷要

5、坐飞机来看我们。4 .过去将来时结构:would+动词原形。用法表示从过去某一时间看将来发生的动作或存在的状态。常 用在宾语从句中。由“would+动词原形”构成。例如:No one knew how long the computer would be down.没有人 知道电脑要死机多长时间。2)表示曾经打算或准备要做的动作，用were/was going to+动词原 形。例如:She said she was going to start at once.她说她将立即开始。3)come, go, leave, arrive, start等动词可用过去进行时代替过 去将来时。例如:He

6、said the train was leaving at six the next morning.他说火车 第二天早晨六点出发。5 .现在进行时结构:主语+be(am, is, are)+doingo用法:1)表示此时此刻正在进 行的动作。例如:l am waiting for a ticket to Paris.我正等着买一张飞往巴黎的 机票。2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。例如:They are learning English in Beijing.他们目前正在北京学习英 语。注意:掌握V - ing形式的四种变化方法:一般动词直接加ing (work f working)

7、;以不发音字母e结尾的动词要去e再加ing (make making);重读闭音节仅一个辅音字母结尾时，须双写最后一个辅 音字母加ing(getf getting);以ie结尾的动词将ie变y再加ing(lie Tying)。6 .过去进行时结构:主语+was/were+doingo用法:表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作。常 和表示过去的时间状语 then, at that time, this time yesterday,at ten, yesterday等连用，或用另一动作来表示过去的时间。例如:What were you doing at 11 oclock last n

8、ight?昨晚H，点你 在干什么？He was watching TV when I came in.我进来的时候他正在看电视。 I found that he was talking with my parents at home.我发现他正在 家里和我父母说话。7 .现在完成时结构:主语+have/has+done(过去分词)。用法表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影 响或结果例如:We have known each other for a longtime.我们彼此认识已经 很长时间了。2)时间状语有:already, yet,just,once,twice,evecnev

9、er,three times, before 等。例如:l have never seen such fine pictures before我以前从没见过 这么好的画。He has just gone to England.他刚去英国。3）表示从过去开始一直延续到现在（可能延续下去）的动作或状态 时，时间状语有:for（two years）, since （1990）,since （two weeks ago） 和since引导的时间状语从句。例如:l have been away from my hometown for three years 我离开 家乡有三年了。=I have bee

10、n away from my hometown since three years ago.=1 have been away from my hometown since 2009 .=lt is three years since I left my hometown.4）在完成时中，一个瞬间性动词（一次性动作）不能与表示一段时 间的状语连用，此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。 这些动词有 comebe heregof be there,diebe dead,borrow keep,buy havejoinbe in（be a.member）, leave-be away,beg

11、in to studystudy 等。例如:The film has begun正确）电影已经开演了。The film has begun for half an hour.（错误）The film has been on for half an hour（正确）电影已经开演半个小 注意:要重点掌握动词过去分词的构成方法，分规则变化和不规 则变化两种。动词不规则变化需逐个记忆。8 .过去完成时结构:主语+had+done(过去分词)。用法过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经 完成的动作。简言之,过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”, 在句中使用时一般必须有一个或暗含一个发生在过去

12、的动作与 其相比较。例如:The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.那个 女的在他知道她是个骗子之前就离开了。I met Tom in the street yesterday. We hadn t seen each other for 3 years.我昨天在街里看到汤姆。我们已经有三年没见过了。2)成时时间状语有:by(yesterday), by then,by the end of(last.) 或者由when, before等引出状语从句。有时句子中会有already, just, once, ever, never

13、等词语，也会有for或since构成的时 间状语。例如:They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.老师进来时，他们已经打扫完教室了。By the end of last term,I had failed three times.到上学期末为止，我 已经失败三次了。He had lived in Shanghai for ten years before he came here.他来这 里之前已住在上海十年了。3)过去完成时常用于宾语从句、after引导的从句，或者从句是 before引导

14、的主句中。例如:After I had put on my shoes and hat,I walked into the snow storm.我穿好鞋子，戴好帽子后，走进暴风雪里。Before I walked into the snow storm,I had put on my shoes and hat. 我走进暴风雪前，已经穿好鞋子，戴好帽子。He said that he had never seen his teacher again.他说他再也没见 到过他的老师。题型举例1. Well begin our discussion as soon as he.A. came B.

15、 come C. will come D. comes解析:在as soon as引导的时间状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句 用一般现在表将来。即“主将从现。答案:D。2. He is one of the boys who ever been to the Great Wall in ourclass.A. had B. has C. have D. have had解析:在英语句子中，主句和从句时态要保持一致，本句主句用 了一般现在时，所以从句要用现在完成时，另外who指代boys, 所以谓语动词要用复数形式。答案:C。3. When he called me last night, I T

16、V.A. was watching B.is watching C. have watched D. watched解析:表示过去的时间点或过去的时间段正在进行的动作要用过去进行时。本句句意为“昨天晚上他给我打电话的时候，我正在看电视”。答案:A。4. Once youto smoke, you can hardly give it up.A. beginning B.begin C. began D. to begin解析:在once引导的时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。答案:B。5.It is the first time that America.A.visits B.visite

17、d C has visited D. had visited解析:在“It is the+序数词+time+从句”结构中，主句为一般现在 时，从句使用现在完成时，答案:C。同步训练I.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。II. 1.1(taste) the wine now and it(taste) good.2. The baby(not cry). He is asleep.3. Look I! The classroom(look) so clean.4. Last night when I(go)homejt(rain)heavily5. Marry(play)the piano well

18、. She( lay)now. Can you hear her?6. You(look) worried. What you(look) for?7. Mr. Smith just leave). He(be)here just now.从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的答案。()1: Dont make so much noise. We to the music.A. listened B. listen C. are listening D. have listened()2.1 must return the camera to Li Lei. I it for two

19、weeks.A. keep B. borrowed C.have kept D.have lent()3. -When will you tell him the good news?-I will tell him about it as soon as he back.A. comes B.came C. will come D. is coming()4. -Did you see Tom at the party?-No,he by the time I got there.A.left B. was leaving C. had left D.has()5. The Smiths dinner when I rang him.A. are having B. had C. was having