高考英语语法冲刺复习之定语从句易错易混点讲义.docx

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1、高中英语语法冲刺复习之定语从句易错易混点易错点一：关系代词和关系副词的混用。例L 1 11 never forget the days when I spent in New York with you. ！ 2. I 11 never forget the days which I visited New York with you. 析：例1中的when应改为which或that ；例2中的which应 改为when .区分关系代词和关系副词的关键是看它们在定语从句中 所充当的成分。如果定语从句中缺少主语、宾语，就应考虑使用关系 代词，如例1 ;若定语从句中缺少状语，就应考虑使用关系副词，

2、如 例2 .易错点二：固定句式出差错。例3. Mary is so lovely a girl as everybody loves her. 伊! 4. Mary is so lovely a girl that everybody loves. 析：例3中的as应改为that ；例4中的 that应改为as . soas或sothat为固定句式，前者为as引 导的定语从句，as在定语从句中作宾语或主语，如例4 ；后者为 that引导的结果状语从句，该从句的成分是完整的，不缺少主语或 宾语，如例3 .类似的固定句式还有the same- as (that), suchas , asas 等。

3、易错点三：主谓不一致。例 5. Tom is one of the students who likes swimming. !) 6. Tom is the only one of the students who like swimming. 析：例 5 中的 likes 应改为 like ；例 6 中的like应改为likes .在“one of +复数名词+定语从句” 结构中，定语从句的先行词是复数名词，故谓语动词要用复数形式, 如例5 ；在“the (only) one of +复数名词+定语从句”结构中,句先行词在从句中作主语。为综上所述的固定表达结构。因此，答 案为B17.is

4、known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. AsC. ThatD. What解析：固定表达结构或前置性非限定性定语从句引导词为 As,答案为B18. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year,for the first time in years their team won the World Cup. A. that B. while C. whichD.when解析：非限定性定语从句引导词考点，先

5、行词为the exciting moment ,将先行词放入从句为 For the first time in the years their team won the world cup at the moment, 先行词放入从句为 介词短语作时间状语，相关意思引导词，固定关系引导词用时间关 系引导词when,随意性关系引导词用at which.句中for the first time in years为强词调结构。答案为D19. Have you seen the film Titanic”, leading actor is world famous? A. its B. itf s

6、C. whose D. which解析：非限定性定语从句引导词考点，先行词the film, 放入从句为 The leading actor of the film is world famous,先 行词放入从句为of所有格作后置性定语，用相关意思引导词中的所 属关系引导词。答案为C20. We will be shown around the city： schools, museums, and some other places,other visitors seldom go. A. what8. whichC. whereD. when 解析：非限定性定语从句考点， 先行词为som

7、e other places,放入从句为other visitors seldom go to these places,先行词在从句中为相关意思 引导词作地点状语，固定关系引导词用地点关系引导词where,随 意性关系引导词用to which.本人认为用随意性关系引导词最好。 答案为C先行词是one ,而不是复数名词，故谓语动词要用单数形式，如例 6 .易错点四：与强调句型及其他句型的混合。例7. Was it in the shop that you bought the recorder that you lost your pen? 例 8. You d better make a m

8、ark at where you have any questions. 析：例7中第一个that应改为where ；例8中应去掉at .例7 为带有定语从句的强调句，you bought the recorder为定语从句， 其引导词应用where ,后面第二个that才是强调句中的that , 此句可还原为： You lost your pen in the shop where you bought the recorder .例8为where引导的地点状语从句。易错点五：对先行词概念不明确。例9. It this library that you visited yesterday?

9、例 10. Is this the library where you visited yesterday? 析：例 9 中应在 library 后加 the one ； 例10中的where应去掉或改为that或which .在例9中， this library是主语，is是谓语，that引导的是定语从句，但 没有先行词，故应补加先行词；在例10中，the library是先行词， 定语从句缺少宾语，故应用that或which来引导，当然也可以省 略。易错点六：特殊名词作先行词时关系词的选取错误。例11. Idem， t like the way which you speak to her

10、. 例 12. I don t care for pay. I just want to get a job that I can be greatly valued. 析：例11中应在which前加in或将which改为that或去掉； 例12中的that应改为where或in which .在定语从句中，有些 特殊名词作先行词时其关系词的选取有一定的特殊性，如way作先 行词时，其引导词可用that或in which或省略，如例11 ；与way 相似的还有job , situation , point , case等作先行词时， 关系词常用where或in which ,如例12 .易错点

11、七：忽略as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别。 例 13. He failed in the exam again, which was expected. 例 14. He failed in the exam again, as was not what he had expected. 析：例13中的which应改为as ；例14中的as应改为which . as和which虽然都可引导非限制性定语从句，但仍有以下三点区别: （1 ） as有“正如；就像”之意，而which没有；（2 ） as引导的 非限制性定语从句可置于句首、句中或句末，而which只能置于句 末；（3 ）如果非

12、限制性定语从句是否定句时，只能用which引导。易错点八:忽略that和which引导限制性定语从句的区别。例 15. This is the most exciting football game which I have ever seen, 例 16. Here are the samples that 一 had I thought of it 一 you could have taken with you yesterday. 析： 例 15 中的which应改为that ；例16中的that应改为which .当先行 词被最高级、序数词修饰或先行词本身是不定代词时，只能用what

13、来引导定语从句，如例15 ;当关系词后面有插入成分时，只能用 which来引导定语从句，如例16 .易错点九：介词前置出差错。例17. The two things with which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms. 例 18. Tell him all the things to which he should pay attention.析：例17中的with应改为about或of ；例18中应把to移到 attention的后面。在定语从句中前置的介词必须和后面的动词或形 容词构成固定搭配，如例17

14、；但并不是所有的固定搭配中的介词都 可前置，如例18 .易错点十：which和whose的意义不明确。例19. The book which cover is broken is of great help to all of us, 例 20. The book of whose cover is broken is of great help to all of us. 析：例19中的which应改为whose ；例20中的whose 应改为which .在定语从句中，关系代词which不能在定语从句中 作定语，但whose可作定语，“ whose + n ”相当于“ the + n +

15、of which 或of which + the + n ”。高频考点案例分析1. The bridge a big ship can go has been built. A.under which B. under that C. in which D. on which 解 析：考查定语从句随意性关系引导词。基本常识：定语从句随意性关 系引导词由搭配介词+which/whom构成，先行词指人用前者，先行词 指事/物用后者。定语从句引导词的判断方法为将先行词想方设法放 入从句，使从句成为一个完整且有先行词成分的陈述句。此句中， 先行词为the bridge；从句为a big ship ca

16、n go,二者构成的完整 句为 A big ship can go under the bridge.因此， 答案为 A2. The book is torn is mine. A. the cover of whichB. the cover of that C. which the coverD. whose cover of解析：考查定语从句随意性关系引导词以及所属关系引导 词。 此句中先行词为the book,从句应为cover is torn,二者构 成的完整句为the cover of the book is torn.因此随意性关系引 导词结构为the cover of whic

17、h或所属关系引导词结构whose cover. 因此，答案为A3. He talked about the classmates and the school he had visited. A. who B. that C. which D. about which 解析：考查先行词即指人又指物的定语从句相同意思引导词。定语从 句相同意思引导词基本要点，无论限定性还是非限定性定语从句的主 宾表引导词均为相同意思引导词。限定性定语从句中，相同意思引导词有一般引导词who, whom, which以及通用引导词that.先行词指人，作从句主语用who,作从 句定语或作从句中介词的宾语均用引导词w

18、hom,先行词指物，用引 导词which,限定性定语从句中，作相同意思的引导词均可以用that 替代。此外，限定性定语从句中作宾语的引导词可以省略。非限定性 定语从句中，相同意思引导词只能为一般引导词who/whom/which,不 能用通用引导词that.非限定性定语从句中，前一完整句在从句中作 主宾表成分时，也要看作是定语从句相同意思引导词，先行词指事物 的情况，用引导词which.此句中，先行词为the classmates and the school, 从句为he had visited,二者构成的完整句为He had visited the classmates and the s

19、chool.所以不难发现先行词在 限定性定语从句中作visited的宾语使用，先行词既指人又指物。因 此，答案为B4. You have seen the girl sister is a Chinese teacher.A. whom B. of whom C. whose D. of which 解析： 考查定语从句所属关系引导词。此句先行词为the girl,定语从句 为 sister is a Chinese teacher,二者构成的完整句为 The girl s sister is a Chinese teacher.先行词的s所有格构成的所属关系 结构在从句中作定语。因此，答案只

20、能为C.定语从句固定关系引导词相关要点：先行词在定语从句中除作从 句主宾表成分以外的成分，均为相关意思引导词，其中包括固定关系 引导词和随意性关系引导词。固定关系引导词只有when（时间关系）， where （地点关系），why （先行词为the reason,原因关系）whose （所 属关系，包括飞所有格关系和of所有格关系，由whose修饰的名词 成分前不能用冠词成分，whose应为名词的前置性定语成分）；随意 性关系引导词为相关搭配介词+which/whom构成的引导词结构充当。5. We should do all is useful to people. A. / B.that C

21、. itD. which解析：考查限定性定语从句中先行词为不定代词的相同意思引导词。此句中先行词an为不定代词， 从句为is useful to people,从句缺主语，二者构成的完整句为 All is useful to people.为 了便于理解，All =All the things/ everything.所以从句的完整句还可以写成Everything is useful to people；或 All the things are useful to people. 因此，答案为 B6. We came to a place they had never paid a visit

22、 before.A. which B. in which C. on which D. to which 解 析：考查定语从句随意性关系引导词。此句先行词为a place,从句 为 they had never paid a visit before,二者构成的完整句为 They had never paid a visit to the place before. 因此， 答案为 Do此句的可转换概念进行相同意思引导词的考查，题干为We came to a place they had never visited before. 其答案可以为which/that/省略引导词。7. Those

23、 finished doing it put up your hands. A. whohave B. who has C. which have D. have 解析： 考查 为指示代词在从句中作主语的指代分析以及引导词的数量。此句中, those为定语从句的先行词，相当于those students/clerks, finished diong it为定语从句成分，从句缺主语以及谓语动词的完 成时态助动词。主语指人，用一般引导词who,引导词数量与先行词 一致为复数。因此，答案为A9. The manwas a friend of mine. A. that you justtalked

24、toB. whom you just talked to himC. who you just talked to himD. which you justtalked to解析：考查完整的定语从句。此句中先行词在从句中作介 词宾语，先行词相同意思用引导词充当，先行词指人。因此，答案 为A10. I went to the school my father once worked. A. that B. which C. whereD. on which 解析：考查定语从句相关意思引导词。此句先行词the school,定语 从句 my father once worked,二者构成的完整句

25、o 为 My father once worked in the school, in the school可以用固定关系引导词中的 地点关系引导词where表示，也可以用随意性关系引导词in which 表示。因此，答案为C11. I shall never forget those years I lived in the country with the farmers,has a great effect on my life. A. that； which B. when； which C. which； that D. when； who 解析：前一空考查定语从句相关意思引导词；后

26、一 空考查定语从句整句先行词相同意思引导词。前一定语从句的完整句 为 I lived in the country with the farmers those years. 先行 词在从句中作非主宾表成分，先行词与时间相关。后一定语从句的完 整句在理解基础上的意思转换为The experience has a great effect on my life. The experience= I lived in the country with the farmers those yearso所以为整句先行词在从句中作主语。因 此，答案为B12. The weather turned out

27、 to be very good,was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it解析：考查定语从句整句先行词在从句中作主语。非限定性定 语从句在意思理解基础上的完整句为This natural phenomenan was more than we could expect. This natural phenomenan= The weather turned out to be very good. 因此，答案为 B13. Carol said the work would be done by October,

28、personally I doubt very much. A. it B. that C. whenD. which 解析：考查定语从句整句先行词在从句中 作宾语。非限定性定语从句的完整句为Personly I doubt that thework would be done by October very much. 因此， 答案为 D14. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, , of course, made the others unhappy.A. who B. whichC. thisD. wha

29、t解析：考查非限定性定语从句整句先行词在从句中作主语。非限定性 定语从句完整句为 It made the others unhappy that Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play. It=Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play. 在从句中构成 形式主语与真实主语关系。因此，答案为B15.is known to all, China will be an powerful country in 20 or 30 yearsr time.

30、A. That； advancingB. This； advanced C. As；advancedD. It； advancing解析：前一空考查前置性非限定性定语从句整句先行词在从句中作主语，后一空为与动作趋 向相关的非谓语分词形容词在从句中作前置性定语。非限定性定语从 句整句先行词在从句中作主语，只能用as引导，以职高方法理解， 可以为固定表达结构的插入语来理解，as is known to all.与动作 趋向相关的分词形容词，ing分词表示动作正在进行或动作即将产生, ed分词表示动作已经结束，此句中advancing country表示发展中 国家，advanced country表示发达国家.因此，答案为C。16.is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior schools is increasing. A. WhichB. AsC . ThatD. It解析：考查前置性非限定性定语从句整