GIIGNL-全球液化天然气行业年度报告2021(英文)-2021.5-68正式版.doc
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1、The LNG industryGIIGNL Annual Report2021ProfileProfileGIIGNL is a non-profit organisation whose objective is to promote the development of activities related to LNG: purchasing, importing, processing, transportation, handling, re-gasification and its various uses.The Group constitutes a forum for ex
2、change of information and experience among its 86 members in order to enhance the safety, reliability, efficiency and sustainability of LNG import activities and in particular, the operation of LNG import terminals. GIIGNL - International Group of Liquefied Natural Gas ImportersAll data and maps pro
3、vided in this publication are for information purposes and shall be treated as indicative only.Under no circumstances shall they be regarded as data or maps intended for commercial use. Reproduction of the contents of this publication in any manner whatsoever is prohibited without prior consent of t
4、he copyright owners.AcknowledgementsWe wish to thank all member companiesfor their contribution to the report and thefollowing international experts for theircomments and suggestions: Cybele Henriquez Cheniere Energy Najla Jamoussi Cheniere Energy Callum Bennett Clarksons Oliver Stavrinidis Clarkson
5、s Laurent Hamou Elengy Jacques Rottenberg Elengy Mara ngeles de Vicente Enags Paul-Emmanuel Decros Engie Oliver Simpson Excelerate Energy Andy Flower Flower LNG Magnus Koren Hegh LNG Gavin Stevens MOL Mariana Ortiz Naturgy Energy Group Birthe van Vliet Shell Mayumi Ikeda Tokyo Gas Donna DeWick Total
6、 Xinyi Zhang TotalEditorialThe LNG industry in 2020Jean AbiteboulPresidentDear Colleagues,2020 can be characterized as a year of market volatility. In the face of such volatility, driven by the influence of the pandemic on energy demand in LNG importing countries, weather events, and logistics bottl
7、enecks, the LNG industry has shown resilience and flexibility. Despite a reduction in global energy consumption due to lockdowns around the world, LNG trade grew by 0.4%, reaching 356.1 MT at the end of the year.In the first half of 2020, natural gas demand began to be impacted in many countries as
8、Covid-19 spread and control measures were enacted. The slowdown of global LNG demand coupled with new supply coming onstream resulted in plummeting spot LNG prices and in convergence of the main regional price indices. In this context of reduced demand elasticity and of limited arbitrage opportuniti
9、es, US liquefaction plants provided further flexibility to the LNG market and enabled a physical rebalancing thanks to the ability for off-takers to cancel LNG cargoes, a first in the industrys history and a sign that regional markets are becoming increasingly interdependent. On the importing side,
10、Europe was able to absorb uncommitted volumes during the first half of the year, but reduced its imports during the second half of the year while LNG cargoes were increasingly directed to Asia to take advantage of rapidly escalating JKM prices. LNG demand in China and India recovered relatively quic
11、kly from the Covid impact. Increased competitiveness of LNG versus other fuels and compared to pipeline gas boosted spot LNG procurement in multiple regions.Towards the end of the year, the market recorded price spikes and record high spot shipping charter rates due to infrastructure bottlenecks and
12、 colder than usual weather. The market tightness and high spot LNG prices were a stark reminder that the industry should continue to invest in new capacity.Despite some challenges, the LNG industry witnessed growth in many new areas. Myanmar, which relied on LNG to fuel its growing need for power, j
13、oined the ranks of LNG importing countries last year. New regasification capacity continued to come online, with 8 new terminals commissioned in 2020 in Bahrain, Brazil (2), Croatia, India, Indonesia, Myanmar and Puerto Rico. New uses such as LNG-to-power and LNG as a marine fuel are gaining further
14、 traction driven by LNGs advantages: it is a proven technology, readily available, which offers better environmental perfor-mance than other fossil fuels and is cost competitive. 2020 was a year of milestones for the diversification of LNG uses with the start-up of the first LNG powership, the deliv
15、ery and order of several bunkering vessels, the launch of the first LNG-fueled mega containerships and the largest LNG bunkering operation ever conducted.China, South Asia and South East Asia, where the majority of new receiving terminals under develop-ment are located, offer significant potential f
16、or LNG to help reduce emissions and improve air quality by displacing coal and other polluting fuels in a variety of sectors. Thanks to its flexibility, imported LNG can complement domestic gas production, replace deple-ting local supply sources and facilitate the introduc-tion of intermittent renew
17、able energies. Substantialinvestment in infrastructure and access to low-cost supply will be vital in order for new demand to mate-rialize. It will drive the need for producers and sellers to minimize their capital and operating costs while developing innovative ways of financing in order to deliver
18、 competitively-priced LNG.Our industrys optimism also comes with great res-ponsibilities. Net zero targets have been announced by several countries including Japan, South Korea and China, the three largest LNG importers. Methane emissions could increasingly influence future interna-tional trade disc
19、ussions, in particular with the Euro-pean Union. Fortunately, greenhouse gas emissions associated with the LNG supply chain can be closely monitored and mitigated thanks to the natural gas in-dustrys experience combined with the development of new technologies. As is the case in other sectors, the L
20、NG industry is actively deploying solutions to minimize its carbon footprint, including efforts to avoid, reduce and offset greenhouse gas emissions. Alternative technologies such as electric motors driving the liquefaction process, carbon capture and sequestration, bio-LNG and production of hydroge
21、n from natural gas are allowing to enhance the sustai-nability of the LNG supply chain.In this context, LNG is poised to provide a growing share of the worlds energy supplies, and contribute to an affordable and cleaner economic recovery as well as to a responsible energy transition.Jean AbiteboulPr
22、esidentGIIGNL Annual Report 2021 Edition - 3Key figures 2020Key figures 2020356.1 MT+0.4%imported vs. 354.7 MT in 2019growth vs. 20192043exportingimportingcountriescountriesof global LNG71%demand in Asiaof global LNG volumes41%supplied from the Pacific Basin8 new LNGregasificationterminals947 MTPAto
23、tal regasification capacity454 MTPAtotal liquefaction capacity4 - GIIGNL Annual Report 2021 EditionKey figures 2020142.5 MTimported on a spot or short-term basisor 40% of total trade40%ContentsKey Figures4LNG trade in 20206Contracts signed in 20208Medium-term and long-term contracts in force in 2020
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