五年(2019-2023)高考英语真题分项汇编(新高考专用)专题01 冠词、名词(解析版).docx
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1、专题01冠词、名词(解析版)全国各地历年高考真题全收录一、2023年高考真题1. 2023年新高考I卷The meal should be fresh with 43 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。句意:肉应该是新鲜的,有一点甜味,汤应该是热的,清澈的,美味的。a touch of 一点点;稍许”,常用搭配,touch”轻微;梢许“常用作单数。故填a。2. 2023年新高考I【卷Since June 2017. right before the 36 (arrive) of the
2、two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing.【答案】arrival【解析】考查名词。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之 前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,空前 是冠词,空后是介词,所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语,arrive的名词形式是arrival, 不可数名词。故填arrival。3. 2023年新高考II卷They also need to be ready to give 41 (interview) in English with international jo
3、urnalists.【答案】interviews【解析】考查名词的数。句意:他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结 构可知,空前是动词,所以空处应填名词作宾语,interview意为“采访”为可数名词,不止一 段采访,应用复数形式。故填interviews。【答案】representative【解析】考查名词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的 塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语,用名词,前面有不定冠词修饰,用名词单数,所以填 representative o四、2020年高考真题1. (2020.新高考I卷语法填空)The far side of th
4、e moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形 111), more so65 the familiar near side.【答案】interest【解析】考查名词。句意:月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可 知,空处应填名词,interest是不可数名词,be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。 故填 interesto2. (2020江苏卷单项填空)The health securit
5、y systems of many countries are undergoing considerable.A. reservationB. transformation C. distinctionD. submission【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservation 预订;B. transformation 改革,变革;C. distinction 区别;D. submission 提交。根 据前文The health security systems可知,此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。3. (2020新高考II
6、卷语法填空)Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.【答案】celebration名词形式。故填celebration。4. (2020 浙江卷)Then, withrise of science, changes began.【答案】the【解析】考查定冠词。句意:随着科学的崛起,事情发生了变化.wi【h ihe rise of译为“随着 的崛起”是固定短语。故填(he。5. ( 2020 年浙江 1 月)A child bom
7、in the US today has very realistic chance of livingbeyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。句意:今天在美国出生的孩子有非常现实的机会活到100岁以上,因此 需要做出相应的计划。chance为可数名词,此处表示泛指应用不定冠词,且very为辅吾音 素开头的单词,故填a。6. (2020 新高考 III 卷)Filled with(curious), the artist packed his bags and left.【答案】curiosity【解析】考杳名词。句意:怀着好
8、奇心,艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词,后跟名词 curiosity作宾语,表示好奇心。故填curiosity。7. (2020 年北京卷)Now, lots of(country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using ihem.【答案】countries【解析】考查名词的数。句意:现在,许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子,以 阻止人们使用。lots of修饰可数名词复数,故填countries 08. (2020 浙江卷)Later, they learne
9、d to work with the(season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to inigate(灌,既)their fields.【答案】seasons 【解析】考查名词复数。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地 区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子,提示词的词性为为可数名词,应用复数形式。 故填 seasons o9. (2020 浙江卷 1 月)For Japan, the(number)are more striking-22 in 1
10、950, 46 today and 53 in 2050.【答案】numbers【解析】考查名词的数。句意:对口本来说,这个数字更加惊人一1950年是22岁,今天 是46岁,2050年是53岁。number为可数名词表示“数字”,且根据下文arc可知主语应用 复数形式,故填numbers。10. (2020 山东卷)Historical(accurate) is important but so is entertainment.【答案】accuracy【解析】考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要,但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语,位于形容 词historical之后,应使用名词,意为“历史的准确性”
11、。故填accuracy。五、2019年高考真题11. 2() 19江苏卷单项填空】26.Nowadays thefor travelling is shifted from shoppingto ibod and scenery.A. priorityB. potentialC. proportionD. pension【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:当今,旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority 优先;优先权;B. potential 潜在的,可能的;A proportion 比例,占比;D. pension 退休金,抚恤金。故选A。2.【2019天津卷单项填
12、空】7.We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) on our lives in many ways.B. impactA. statementC. impressionD. judgment【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产 生了强烈的影响。statement“陈述说明”;impact”强烈的影响,冲击力”;impression印象, 感想”;judgemen俨判断力判断故选B。3.12019新高考I卷语法填空】Of69 nineteen reco
13、gnized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are (be)stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】the【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指,意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”,故填the。4.12019浙江卷语法填空】Everybody wears57same style of clothes.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意:每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词,意思是“相同的”, 常与the连用修饰名词。故填he。1.1. (2019
14、 新高考 H 卷)When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was joke.【答案】a【解析】考查冠词用法。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑”可知,此处joke为泛指,故 填a。6. (2019 新高考 I 卷)Leading to a(believe) that populations arc increasing.【答案】belief【解析】考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知,空格处为名词形式,故填beliefo7. (2019 新高考 HI 卷)When they were free fro
15、m work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting(compe(e)to watch, together with (he story behind it.【答案】competition【解析】考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式io watch可以确定空格处应 该填名诃形式。故填compelilion。8. (2019 浙江卷)Other American studies showed no(connect) between uniforms and school performanc
16、e.【答案】conncction/conncctions【解析】考查名词。句意:其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。n。是形容 词,形容词修饰名词,位于名词前,名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect是动词,“联系” 的意思,因此,要用其名词形式。故填connection/connections。9. (2019 北京卷)No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various (activity) on Earth Day.【答案】activities【解析】考查名词。句意:无论你喜欢做什么,
17、有一个方法可以让你参与地球口的各种活动。 根据设空前的修饰词various可知,此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。2018年高考真题1. 2018天津6. Thethat there is life on other planets in the universe has alwaysinspired scientists to explore the outer space.A. adviceB. orderC. possibilityD. invitation【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是 激励科学家们去探索外部空
18、间。A.励vice建议;B. order命令;C. possibility可能性;D.invitation 邀请。故选 C。【解题指导】本题考查名词辨析。名词和动词及短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题 语法上是一个同位语从句,从句that there is life on other planets in the universe是来解释说明 前面所选择的名词。根据常识可以判断,宇宙中其它星球上存在生命只是一种可能性,目前 无法证明,从而选出正确答案。2.【2018,江苏】32. Try to understand whats actually happening instead of a
19、cting on theyouve made.A. assignmentB. associationC. acquisitionD. assumption【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:试着去理解实际发生的事情,而不是按照你所做的假设行 事。A. assignment 分配;B. association 交往;C. acquisition 获得;D. assumption 假设。故选 D。【解题指导】本题考查名词辨析。名词考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题抓住句中的关键 词actually happening实际发生和instead of而不是,可知是假设,从而选出正确答案。
20、3.12018.新高考卷I.语法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ihal/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67_ (cause).【答案】causes【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明,仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步,就能减少各种原因 的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。4
21、.12018浙江卷.语法填空】F Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside thehome and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.【答案】weight【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题,用名词修饰problems,故填weight。5.12018新高考卷II语法填空】Com production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years, while ric
22、e has increased only 7 percent.【答案】the 【解析】考查冠词。句意:玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%,而大米只增长了 7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填ihe。6.12018.新高考卷IH语法填空】Unexpectedly, Fm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 62 top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语at
23、 the top of,此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。7.12018新高考卷HI语法填空】My name is Mircya Mayor. Im a 66(scicncc)who studies animals such as apes andmonkeys.【答案】scientist 【解析】根据语境可知,我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。8.【2018浙江卷语法填空】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time (o cook. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially tro
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