高一英语语法直接引语变成间接引语的句子结构的变化外语学习语法 _中学教育-高中教育.pdf

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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 直接引语变成间接引语的句子结构的变化 1）陈述句 He said,“I have been to the Great Wall.”He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.用连词 that 引导，that 在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的 said,也可用 told 来代替，注意，可以说 said that,said to sb.that,told sb.that，不可直接说 told that 2）一般疑问句 He said,“Do you have any difficulty with pronun

2、ciation?”He asked(me)whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.间接引语用连词 whether或 if 引导，原主句中谓语动词 said要改为 asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序 3）特殊疑问句 He said to me，“Whats your name?”He asked me what my name was.原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用 ask(sb.)来表达，语序改为陈述句语序 4）选择疑问句 He asked,“Do you speak English or

3、 French?”He asked me whether I spoke English or French.用 whetheror表达，而不用 ifor，也不用 eitheror 5）祈使句 如果直接引语是祈使句，间接引语要用不定式的复合结构改，即改为：tell(ask,order,warn,advise 等)sb.(not)to do sth.如：The policeman said to the children,“Dont play football in the street.”The policeman told the children not to play football

4、in the street.“Listen to me carefully,please.”the teacher said to us.The teacher told us to listen to him carefully.【温馨提示】如果祈使句中出现了 please,在间接引语中必须省略。6）感叹句 如果直接引语是感叹句，变间接引语时，用 what,how 或 that 来引述。如：“What a beautiful house it is!”he said to me.He told me what a beautiful house it was.He told me that

5、it was a beautiful house.引导词的选择及语序 1.陈述句：S+V+that+陈述语序(S+V)“That is the trouble”,said Bill.改为：Bill said _ _ _ the trouble.【注】：that 可省略，但如果是两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列，则第二个 that 不可省略。He told me(that)he had finished his work and that he would like to have a holiday.2.一般疑问句：S+V+if/whether+陈述语序(S+V)He asked,“Are you

6、 leaving tonight?”改为：He asked us _ _ _ leaving that night.3.特殊疑问句：S+V+what/who/which/whose/when+陈述语序(S+V)“Why did you lock the door?”father said to Anne.改为：Father asked Anne _ _ _ _ the door.4.祈使句：S+V+sb.to do/not to do (1)表示“命令”：tell,order,command (2)表示“请求”：ask,beg,request (3)表示“建议”：advise,suggest

7、学习必备 欢迎下载 “Dont make noise in the library.”the teacher said to the students.改为：The teacher _ the students_ _ _ noise in the library.时态的一致 1 主句是过去时，变间接引语时，从句时态向“过去”退一步：直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 过去进行时 不变 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 不变 一般将来时 过去将来时 直接引语 间接引语 I work hard.He said that he _ hard.I am working

8、 hard.He said that he _ hard.I was working hard.He said that he _ hard.I worked hard.He said that he _ hard.I had worked hard.He said that he _ hard.I am going to work hard.He said that he _ hard.但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。直接引语是客观真理。The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the

9、 earth,the teacher told me.The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。直接引语是过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时，时态就不变。如：Jack said.John,where were you going when I met you in the street?Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为

10、间接引语时，时态不变。如：直用接引语中的也可用来代替注意可以说不可直接说一般疑问句间接引语用连词或引导原主句中谓语动词要改为等语序是陈述句的语序特殊疑问句原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词主句的谓语动词用来表达语序改为陈述句语序选择如果祈使句中出现了在间接引语中必须省略感叹句如果直接引语是感叹句变间接引语时用或来引述如引导词的选择及语序陈述句陈述语序改为注可省略但如果是两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列则第二个不可省略一般疑问句陈述语序变间接引语时从句时态向过去退一步直接引语一般现在时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时间接引语一般过去时过去进行时不变过去完成时不变过去将来时直接引语间接引

11、语但要注意在以下几种情况下在直接学习必备 欢迎下载 Xiao Wang said.I was born on April 2l,1980。Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20,1980。直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：He said,I get up at six every morning。He said he gets up at six every morning。如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，had better,used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：c

12、ould,should,would,might）不再变。如：Peter said.You had better come have today。Peter said I had better go there that day。.人称及状语的变化 1 人称变化：“一主二宾三不变”（直接引语中若出现第一人称则看主句主语，第二人称看主句宾语，第三人称无须变）试观察：She said to him,“I am very hungry.”改为：She told him that she was very hungry.She said to him,“You are very nice.”改为：She

13、 told him that he was very nice.She said to him,“Lily is very nice.”改为：She told him that Lily was very nice.2.状语与限定词变化：“这这那那，来来去去”直接引语 间接引语 this that these those now then today that day tomorrow the next day/the following day yesterday the day before/the previous day next year/week/month the next ye

14、ar/week/month last year/night/week the year/night/week before 直用接引语中的也可用来代替注意可以说不可直接说一般疑问句间接引语用连词或引导原主句中谓语动词要改为等语序是陈述句的语序特殊疑问句原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词主句的谓语动词用来表达语序改为陈述句语序选择如果祈使句中出现了在间接引语中必须省略感叹句如果直接引语是感叹句变间接引语时用或来引述如引导词的选择及语序陈述句陈述语序改为注可省略但如果是两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列则第二个不可省略一般疑问句陈述语序变间接引语时从句时态向过去退一步直接引语一般现在时现在进行时过去进行时一

15、般过去时过去完成时一般将来时间接引语一般过去时过去进行时不变过去完成时不变过去将来时直接引语间接引语但要注意在以下几种情况下在直接学习必备 欢迎下载 ago before here there come go “I put the key on this table yesterday.”改为：_ .Exercise 一.改写句子（把直接引语改为间接引语）1.“I am having supper,”he said.改为：He said that _ _ having supper.2.“Ive seen the film,”Gina said to me.改为：Gina _ me that

16、_ _ _ the film.3.“I went home with my sister,”she said.改为：She said that _ _ _ home with her sister.4.The teacher said,“The sun is bigger than the moon.”改为：The teacher said that the sun _ bigger than the moon.5.“I met her yesterday,”he said to me.改为：He told me that he _ _ her _ _ _.6.“You must come h

17、ere before five,”he said.改为：He said that I _ to go _ before five.7.“Were you born in 1979?”he said.改为：He _ me _ I _ born in 1979.8.He said,“You can sit here,Jim.”改为：He _ Jim that he _ _ _.9.He asked,“How did you find it,mother?”改为：He asked his mother _ _ _ _ it.10.“Where have you been these days?”he

18、 asked.改为：He asked me _ _ _ been _ days.11.“Do you know where she lives?”he asked.改为：He asked _ _ knew where she _.12.“Keep quite,children.”he said.改为：He _ the children _ _ quite.13.“Dont look out of the window,”she said.改为：She _ me _ _ _ out of the window.14.“Are you interested in this?”he said.直用接

19、引语中的也可用来代替注意可以说不可直接说一般疑问句间接引语用连词或引导原主句中谓语动词要改为等语序是陈述句的语序特殊疑问句原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词主句的谓语动词用来表达语序改为陈述句语序选择如果祈使句中出现了在间接引语中必须省略感叹句如果直接引语是感叹句变间接引语时用或来引述如引导词的选择及语序陈述句陈述语序改为注可省略但如果是两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列则第二个不可省略一般疑问句陈述语序变间接引语时从句时态向过去退一步直接引语一般现在时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时间接引语一般过去时过去进行时不变过去完成时不变过去将来时直接引语间接引语但要注意在以下几种情况下在直接

20、学习必备 欢迎下载 改为：He _ _ I was interested in _.二 句子翻译：1.汤姆说他 20XX年加入了这家驾驶俱乐部。_ 2.他告诉我他把书落在房间里了。_ 3.凯特问我当天晚上是否陪她看电影。_ 4.我的小学英语老师常说熟能生巧。_ 5.妈妈问我是怎么修好我的单车的。_ 6.老师让学生们别浪费自己的时间。_ 7.她说她在等车的时候就读完那本书了。_ 8.警察问那个人前天晚上他在公园里都干了些什么。_ 9.他说他求职时已经告诉他们他的故事了。_ 10.将军命令所有士兵马上上前线。_ 直用接引语中的也可用来代替注意可以说不可直接说一般疑问句间接引语用连词或引导原主句中谓

21、语动词要改为等语序是陈述句的语序特殊疑问句原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词主句的谓语动词用来表达语序改为陈述句语序选择如果祈使句中出现了在间接引语中必须省略感叹句如果直接引语是感叹句变间接引语时用或来引述如引导词的选择及语序陈述句陈述语序改为注可省略但如果是两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列则第二个不可省略一般疑问句陈述语序变间接引语时从句时态向过去退一步直接引语一般现在时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时间接引语一般过去时过去进行时不变过去完成时不变过去将来时直接引语间接引语但要注意在以下几种情况下在直接学习必备 欢迎下载 .Keys:.1.that that was 2.wheth

22、er/if we were 3.why she had locked 4.told,not to make .2.that the earth goes 3.that she was 4.he has been married Exercise:一.1.he was 2.told she had seen 3.she had gone 4.is 5.had met;the day before 6.had;there;7.asked;if/whether;was 8.told;could sit there 9.how she had found 10.where I had;those 11

23、.if/whether I;lived 12.told;to keep 13.told;not to look 14.asked if/whether;that 二1.Tom said that he joined the driving club in 2009.直用接引语中的也可用来代替注意可以说不可直接说一般疑问句间接引语用连词或引导原主句中谓语动词要改为等语序是陈述句的语序特殊疑问句原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词主句的谓语动词用来表达语序改为陈述句语序选择如果祈使句中出现了在间接引语中必须省略感叹句如果直接引语是感叹句变间接引语时用或来引述如引导词的选择及语序陈述句陈述语序改为注可省略

24、但如果是两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列则第二个不可省略一般疑问句陈述语序变间接引语时从句时态向过去退一步直接引语一般现在时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时间接引语一般过去时过去进行时不变过去完成时不变过去将来时直接引语间接引语但要注意在以下几种情况下在直接学习必备 欢迎下载 2.He told me that he had left his book in his room.3.Kate asked me if/whether I would go to the cinema with her that evening.4.My English teacher in the p

25、rimary school often said that practice makes perfect.5.My mother asked me how I had repaired my bike.6.The teacher told the students not to waste their time.7.She said she had finished reading the book while she was waiting for the bus.8.The policeman asked the man what he had done in the park the n

26、ight before.9.He said that he had told them all about his story when he asked for a job.10.The general ordered all his soldiers to go to the front line at once.课后练习：I.将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1.“I never eat meat.”he said.He said that _ never _ meat.2.“Ive found my wallet.”he said to me.He _ me that he _ _

27、 _ wallet.3.“I took it home with me.”she sa id.She said that _ _ _ it home with her.4.The teacher said,“The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.5.“I met her yesterday.”he said to me.He _ me that he _ met the day _.6.“You

28、 must come here before five.”he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five.7.“I bought the house 10 years ago.”he said.He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _.8.“Did you see her last week?”he said.He _ _ I had seen her the week _.9.He said,“You can sit here,Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there 10.

29、He asked,“How did you find it,mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.11.“Where have you been these days?”he asked.He asked me _ _ _been _ days.12.“Do you know where she lives?”he asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _.13.“Stop making so much noise,children.”he said.He _ the children _ _ making so m

30、uch noise.14.“Dont tell him the news.”she said.She told me _ _ _ him the news.15.“Are you intested in this?”he said.He _ _ I was interestd in _.II 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。直用接引语中的也可用来代替注意可以说不可直接说一般疑问句间接引语用连词或引导原主句中谓语动词要改为等语序是陈述句的语序特殊疑问句原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词主句的谓语动词用来表达语序改为陈述句语序选择如果祈使句中出现了在间接引语中必须省略感叹

31、句如果直接引语是感叹句变间接引语时用或来引述如引导词的选择及语序陈述句陈述语序改为注可省略但如果是两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列则第二个不可省略一般疑问句陈述语序变间接引语时从句时态向过去退一步直接引语一般现在时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时间接引语一般过去时过去进行时不变过去完成时不变过去将来时直接引语间接引语但要注意在以下几种情况下在直接学习必备 欢迎下载 1.He asked me _ I would go to Beijing by air the next day.A.that if B.if C.that whether D.how 2.Joyce,please

32、dont open the window.Pardon?I _ open the window.A.tell you dont B.tell you not to C.told you didnt D.told you not to 3.He _ they didnt start early they wouldnt catch the first bus.A.said that if B.asked if C.asked whether D.said that whether 4.He asked _ for the violin.A.did I pay how much B.I paid

33、how much C.how much I paid D.how much did I pay 5.The teacher asked us _ so much noise.(北京 2003)A.dont ma ke B.not make C.not making D.not to make 6.The doctor asked me what _ with me.A.is wrong B.wrong is C.was wrong D.wrong was 7.He asked the boy where _.A.his mother was B.was his mother C.his mot

34、her is D.is his mother 8.They said at last that they _ better start out at once.A.had had B.had C.had been D.was 9.The teacher said that doubt _ the key of knowledge.A.were B.are C.was D.is 10.The actor said he _ born in 1984.A.was B.is C.be D.had been III.将下列直接引语变为间接引语，间接引语变为直接引语。1.Mr.Stone said,“M

35、ay I have a cup of tea?”Mr.Stone _.2.The nurse said,“Let the children wash their hands themselves.”The nurse _.3.My uncle said,“Do not open the window.”My uncle _.4.John asked Mary,“What do you know about the sea?”John asked Mary _.直用接引语中的也可用来代替注意可以说不可直接说一般疑问句间接引语用连词或引导原主句中谓语动词要改为等语序是陈述句的语序特殊疑问句原来的疑

36、问词作为间接引语的连词主句的谓语动词用来表达语序改为陈述句语序选择如果祈使句中出现了在间接引语中必须省略感叹句如果直接引语是感叹句变间接引语时用或来引述如引导词的选择及语序陈述句陈述语序改为注可省略但如果是两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列则第二个不可省略一般疑问句陈述语序变间接引语时从句时态向过去退一步直接引语一般现在时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时间接引语一般过去时过去进行时不变过去完成时不变过去将来时直接引语间接引语但要注意在以下几种情况下在直接学习必备 欢迎下载 5.The teacher said,“The sun rises in the east and sets

37、in the west.”The teacher said that _.6.The teacher told Tom to be careful with his pronunciation._.7.She asked me to open the door._.8.My mother advised me to have a good rest._.9.Peter asked me when I would leave Athens._.10.He asked me how I was getting along with my studies then._.直用接引语中的也可用来代替注意可以说不可直接说一般疑问句间接引语用连词或引导原主句中谓语动词要改为等语序是陈述句的语序特殊疑问句原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词主句的谓语动词用来表达语序改为陈述句语序选择如果祈使句中出现了在间接引语中必须省略感叹句如果直接引语是感叹句变间接引语时用或来引述如引导词的选择及语序陈述句陈述语序改为注可省略但如果是两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列则第二个不可省略一般疑问句陈述语序变间接引语时从句时态向过去退一步直接引语一般现在时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时间接引语一般过去时过去进行时不变过去完成时不变过去将来时直接引语间接引语但要注意在以下几种情况下在直接