高三复习虚拟语气中学教育高考英语_中学教育-高考.pdf

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1、高三英语复习：虚拟语气 一、语气的定义和种类：l.语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2.语气的种类：（1）陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。We are not ready.What a fine day it is！We had something to eat after the show.（2）祈使语气：表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。Open the door,please.John,follow me.Never say die.永不言败。Be still,and have your wil

2、l.坚持就能遂愿。（3）虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。If I were you，I should study English.May you succeed！疑问语气：用来提出问题或询问情况。If winter comes,can spring be far behind?What is a man s first duty?The answer is brief:to be himself.Which do you prefer,tea or coffee?二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法：1.条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句

3、。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。If it doesnt rain tomorrow，we will go to the park.2.如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。If he had seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it.3.在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下：从 句 主 句 与现在事实相反 were/did would/should/could/might do

4、与过去事实相反 had done would/should/could/might have done 与将来事实相反 did/should do/were to do would/should/could/might do 注：主句中的 should 只用于 I、we，但在美国英语中，should 常被 would 代替；从句中的 should可用于各种人称。If my brother were here，everything would be all right.If you had taken my advice，you wouldnt（couldnt）have failed in th

5、e exam.If it were Sunday tomorrow,I should/would/could/might go to see my grandmother.If it were to snow this evening，they would not go out.4.有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。If you had listened to the doctor，you would be all right now.5.虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式：（l）省略连词 if：在书面语中，如果

6、虚拟条件从句中有 were，had 或 should，可以把 if 省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。Should he come,tell him to ring me up.Were I you,I would not do it.（2）用介词短语代替条件状语从句。有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。Without air,there would be no living things.But for your help,I couldnt have done it.假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。I was busy that day.

7、Otherwise I would have gone there with them.（If I hadnt been busy that day，I would have gone there with them.）I would have finished the work，but I have been ill.（If I hadnt been ill，I would have finished the work.）6.省去条件从句或主句：表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。省去条件从句：You could have washed your clothes you

8、rself.省去主句（常用以表示愿望）：If my grandmother were with me！If only she had not left！三、虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法 1、在带有 even if/even though 引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。Even if he had been ill，he would have gone to his office.2、由 as if 或 as though 引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时,从句谓语形式为动词的过去式（be 用 were）或“had 十过去分词

9、”。He treated me as if I were a stranger.She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.注：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。3、有些让步状语从句可能用现在的虚拟语气，特别是某些句型，有些用现在的虚拟语气，有些用 may,might,would 构成谓语。Though he be the President himself,he shall hear us.Whatever be the reason for his action,we can t toler

10、ate such disloyalty.Come what may,we will go ahead with out plan.Poor though you might be,you can t live all your life on charity.4、在 in order that,so that,for fear that,in case,lest 引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用“c ould/might/may/would（有时也用 should）+动词原形”。Mr.green spoke slowly so that his students could（might）he

11、ar clearly.Bring some money in case you might use it later.He left early in order that the children wouldn t be alone in the house.有些目的状语从句可用虚拟语气作谓语，主要用动词原形：They removed the prisoners in order that they not disturb the others.Lest anyone should think it strange,let me assure you that it is true.态度语气

12、的种类陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的确定的或符合事实的用于陈述句疑问句和某些感叹句祈使语气表示说话人的建议请求邀请命令等永不言败坚持就能遂愿虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实而是说话人的主条件句一类是虚拟条件句如果假设的情况是有可能发生的就是真实条件句在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的或将来不大可能发生的则是虚拟条件句在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中主句和从与将来事实相反注主句中的只用于但在美英语中常被代替从句中的可用于各种人称有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致表示错综时间的虚拟语气这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整虚拟条件句可以转

13、They built defense works lest an attack(should)be launched that night.The president must reject the proposal,lest it cause strife and violence.四、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法：l.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：在“It is/was important（natural，necessary,appropriate,proper,right,essential,vital）that”这类句型里，that 所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“should 十动词

14、原形”结构，表示某事是“重要”,“自然”,“必要”等意义,should 可省略。It is important that every member（should）inform himself of these rules.It is appropriate that the tax be abolished.It is vial to your health that you take the medicine.在“It is/was unnatural/unthinkable/strange/surprising/dreadful/a surprise that”这类句型里，that 所引导

15、的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“should 十动词原形”结构，should 意为“竟然”，表示一种不可思议的状况，should 可省略。It is strange that he(should)be so rude.It seems unthinkable that you(should)make such a mistake.在“It is/was suggested/requested/required/ordered/proposed/decided that”这类句型里，that 所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“should 十动词原形”结构，should 可省略。It is sugg

16、ested that parents(should)spend more time with their children alone.It is required that students(should)learn a foreign language.It is proposed that we(should)take the 9:00 train.2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法：（1）在动词 wish 后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词 that.I wish I knew the answer to the question.I wish

17、（wished）I hadnt spent so much money.I wish it would stop raining.I wish you could come tomorrow.（2）在 suggest，demand，order，propose，insist，command，request，desire 等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。I demand that he（should）answer me immediately.I propose that Mr Par be the chairman.I recommend th

18、at everyone attend the party.They intended that the news be suppressed.Suggest 意为“暗示”，“表明”、Insist 意为“认为”时，从句中用陈述语气。The smile on his face suggested that he agreed to the plan.The old lady insisted that the man had stolen her wallet.3、虚拟语气在表语从句中的用法：由 as if/as though 引导的表语从句中的虚拟语气 It looks as if he wer

19、e drunk.The pencil seems as thought it were broken when it is put in the water.The material feels as if it were cotton.但as if/as though 也可引导事实或很可能是事实的从句，常用在系动词 look,seem,taste,smell,sound 后。It looks as if it is going to snow.态度语气的种类陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的确定的或符合事实的用于陈述句疑问句和某些感叹句祈使语气表示说话人的建议请求邀请命令等永不言败坚持就能遂愿虚

20、拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实而是说话人的主条件句一类是虚拟条件句如果假设的情况是有可能发生的就是真实条件句在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的或将来不大可能发生的则是虚拟条件句在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中主句和从与将来事实相反注主句中的只用于但在美英语中常被代替从句中的可用于各种人称有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致表示错综时间的虚拟语气这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整虚拟条件句可以转 It seems as if the boy has lost his way.与表示“决定”，“主张”，“要求”，“建议”，“命令”等动词相

21、对应的名词(suggestion,proposal,advice,demand,order,requirement)构成的表语从句中常用“should 十动词原形”结构，should 可省略。Our decision is that the meeting(should)be put off.The requirement is that every student(should)donate one or two books.4、虚拟语气在同位语从句中的用法：与表示“决定”，“主张”，“要求”，“建议”，“命令”等动词相对应的名词(suggestion,proposal,advice,dem

22、and,order,requirement)构成的同位语从句中常用“should 十动词原形”结构，should 可省略。He made a suggestion that they(should)hold an English speech contest.The requirement that the students(should)protect themselves has been carried out.Doctors gave us some advice that we(should)pay more attention to our health.五、虚拟语气在定语从句中的

23、用法：1、在“It is(high/about)time that”句型中，定语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来，动形式一般用过去式，意思是“该干某事的时候了”。Its（high）time we did our homework.It is about time she should go to school.It is time that you made up your mind.It is high time you got a job and set up home.六、虚拟语气在某些句型中的用法：1、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌，或委婉的语气，常见

24、于日常会话中：It would be better for you not to stay up too late.2、在 would rather that 句型中：I would rather you didn t smoke.I would rather you hadn t let out the secret.I would rather that you came tomorrow.3、用“may+动词原形”表示“祝愿”“但愿”，此时 may 须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）：May you be happy！May good luck be yours.4、If only 句型：I

25、f only 后跟虚拟语气，表示：“要是就好了”：If only I were younger.If only I had come to the party yesterday.If only he had remembered to buy some fruit.5、由 that 引导的句子表示愿望或沮丧情绪：Oh,that I were with her again!That I should be accused of murder!我竟然被控谋杀！5、由 would that 引导的句子表示“但愿”Would that we had seen her before she died.

26、Would that he could have listened to his father.6、由 to think 引导的句子表示“没想到”To think that I trusted him!没想到我竟然信任了他！To think that he knew about it all the time!没想到这事他一直都知道！态度语气的种类陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的确定的或符合事实的用于陈述句疑问句和某些感叹句祈使语气表示说话人的建议请求邀请命令等永不言败坚持就能遂愿虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实而是说话人的主条件句一类是虚拟条件句如果假设的情况是有可能发生的就是真实条件

27、句在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的或将来不大可能发生的则是虚拟条件句在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中主句和从与将来事实相反注主句中的只用于但在美英语中常被代替从句中的可用于各种人称有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致表示错综时间的虚拟语气这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整虚拟条件句可以转 To think that she should have died such a tragic death.没想到她竟然死得这么惨！虚拟语气专练 1.If I _ where he lived，I _ a note to him.A.knew，would

28、 B.had known，would have sent C.know，would send D.knew，would have sent 2.If they _ earlier than expected，they _ here now.A.had started，would be B.started，might be C.had started，would have been D.will start，might have been 3.I didnt know his telephone number._ it，I _ then.A.Had I known，would ring him

29、up B.Should I know，would have rung him up C.If I knew；would ring him up D.Had I known，would have rung him up 4.Mary is ill today.If she _，she _ absent from school.A.were not ill，wouldnt be B.had been ill，wouldnt have been C.had been ill，should have been D.hadnt been ill，could be 5.Were I to do it，I

30、_ it some other way.A.will do B.would do C.would have done D.were to do 6.I _ him the answer _ possible，but I was so busy then.A.could tell，if it had been B.must have told，were it C.should have told，had it been D.should have told，should it be 7.Without your help，we_ so much.A.wont achieve B.didnt ac

31、hieve C.dont achieve D.wouldnt have achieved 8.You didnt take his advice._ his advice，you _ such a mistake.A.Had you taken，wouldnt have made B.If you had taken，would make C.Were you lo take，shouldnt have made D.Have you taken，wont have made 9.We wish we _ what you did when we were at high school.A.d

32、id B.could have done C.have done D.should do 10.She wishes she _ to the theatre last night.A.went B.would go C.had gone D.were going 11.Tom is very short now.His mother wishes that he _ be tall when he grows up.A.could B.should C.would D.were able to 12.My sister advised me that I _ accept the invit

33、ation.A.could B.must C.should D.might 13.He asks that he _ an opportunity to explain why hes refused to go there.A.is given B.must give C.should give D.be given 14.Do you think of Wang Fangs suggestion that he _ Mr.Li to the party？A.will invite B.have invited C.is invited D.invite 15.I insisted that

34、 he _ at once.A.be gone B.go C.would go D.might go 16.Li Ming insisted that he _ anything at all.A.hadnt stolen B.shouldnt steal C.doesnt steal D.steal 17.It is quite natural that my coming late again _ them very angry.A.had made B.would make C.makes D.make 18.He acted as if he _ everything in the w

35、orld.态度语气的种类陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的确定的或符合事实的用于陈述句疑问句和某些感叹句祈使语气表示说话人的建议请求邀请命令等永不言败坚持就能遂愿虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实而是说话人的主条件句一类是虚拟条件句如果假设的情况是有可能发生的就是真实条件句在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的或将来不大可能发生的则是虚拟条件句在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中主句和从与将来事实相反注主句中的只用于但在美英语中常被代替从句中的可用于各种人称有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致表示错综时间的虚拟语气这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整

36、虚拟条件句可以转 A.knew B.knows C.has known D.wont know 19.Read it aloud so that I _ you clearly.A.may hear B.will hear C.hear D.have heard 20.They got up early in order that they _ they first train.A.caught B.will catch C.might catch D.shall catch 21.I am sorry that he _ in such poor health.A.are B.shall b

37、e C.were D.should be 22.That is a good book.You _ it yesterday.A.could buy B.should buy C.should have bought D.bought 23.It is high time we _ home.A.will go B.would go C.have gone D.went 24.Id rather that you _ home.A.went B.have gone C.will go D.had gone 25.If only I _ to the lecture！A.listen B.wil

38、l listen C.am listening D.had listened 26.-If he_，he _ that food.-Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A.was warned，would not take B.had been warned，would not have taken C.would be warned，had not taken D.would have been warned，had not taken 27.I didnt see your sister at the meeting.If she

39、 _，she would have met my brother.A.has come B.did come C.came D.had come 28.Without electricity，human life _ quite different today.A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be 29.He _ you more help，even though he was very busy.A.might have given B.might give C.may have given D.may give 30.If city noi

40、ses _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A.are not kept，will have to B.are not kept，have to C.do not keep，will have to D.do not keep，have to 31.Mikes father，as well as his mother，insisted that he _ home.A.stayed B.could stay C.has stayed D.stay 32.M

41、r.Smith insisted that he _ the work all.A.had done B.have done C.did D.so 33.Jane would never have gone to the party _ that Mary would come to see her.A.has she known B.had she known C.if she know D.if she has known 34.If you had enough money，what _？A.will you buy B.would you buy C.would you have bo

42、ught D.will you have bought 35.If you _ that film late last night，you wouldnt be so sleepy.A.didnt see B.havent seen C.wouldnt have seen D.hadnt seen 36.Our monitor requested that _.A.all the class studied more carefully the problem 态度语气的种类陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的确定的或符合事实的用于陈述句疑问句和某些感叹句祈使语气表示说话人的建议请求邀请命令等永不言

43、败坚持就能遂愿虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实而是说话人的主条件句一类是虚拟条件句如果假设的情况是有可能发生的就是真实条件句在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的或将来不大可能发生的则是虚拟条件句在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中主句和从与将来事实相反注主句中的只用于但在美英语中常被代替从句中的可用于各种人称有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致表示错综时间的虚拟语气这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整虚拟条件句可以转 B.the problem was more carefully studied C.with great care the

44、problem could be studied D.all the class study the problem more carefully 37.-Would you have called her up had it been possible？-Yes,but I _ busy doing my homework.A.was B.were C.had been D.would be 38.His tired face suggested that he _ really tired after the long walk.A.had been B.was C.be D.should

45、 be 39.It is important that we _.A.shall close the window before we leave B.will close the window before we leave C.must close the window before we leave D.close the window before we leave 40.I didnt know his telephone number，otherwise I _ him.A.had telephoned B.would telephone C.would have telephon

46、ed D.telephone 15 BADAB 610 CDABC 1115 CCDDB 1620 ADAAC 2125 DCDAD 2630 BDDAA3 135 DABBD 3640 DABDC 态度语气的种类陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的确定的或符合事实的用于陈述句疑问句和某些感叹句祈使语气表示说话人的建议请求邀请命令等永不言败坚持就能遂愿虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实而是说话人的主条件句一类是虚拟条件句如果假设的情况是有可能发生的就是真实条件句在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的或将来不大可能发生的则是虚拟条件句在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中主句和从与将来事实相反注主句中的只用于但在美英语中常被代替从句中的可用于各种人称有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致表示错综时间的虚拟语气这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整虚拟条件句可以转