引导定语从句的关系代词who外语学习语法 _外语学习-语法 .pdf
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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 引导定语从句的关系代词who,which 有时可与 that 互换使用。但在下面情况,一般只用 that。一、当先行词为不定代词 anything,everything,nothing,any,little,one,few,much,all,none等时。如:a.There isnt much that I can do.b.He is one of the few that can work it out in five minutes.二、当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。如:a.The book is the best that I have read.b
2、.This is the biggest laboratory that we have ever built in our university.三、当先行词是序数词或其被序数词修饰时。如:a.It is the third one that Ive bought.b.This is the first place that Ive ever visited.四、当先行词被 the very,the only等词修饰时。如:a.Is this the very museum that you visited the other day?b.This is the only book that
3、 I need at present.五、当先行词包含了人和事物两方面的含义时。如:They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.六、当先行词被 same 修饰,且指“同一物品”时。如:She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday.七、关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。如:a.This is no longer the place that it used to be.b.He is not the man that he was.八、当主句是以
4、 who,which 开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是 who 时。如:a.Which is the book that he bought yesterday?b.Who that you have ever seen can beat him in 定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名次性成分,定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。一、限定性定语从句 1.that 即可代表事物也可代表人,which 代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that 在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which 在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且,如果 which在从句中作“不及物动词介
5、词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词 which 的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置 2.which 作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与 which 之间的介词不能丢 3.代表物时多用 which,但在带有下列词的句子中用 that 而不用 which,这些词包括 all,anything,much等,这时的 that 常被省略 4.who 和 whom 引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom 作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 5.where 是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句 6.when 引导定语从句表示时间(
6、注值得一提的是,表示时间“time 一词的定语从句只用when 引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用 that 引导)By the time you arrive in London,we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to besiness trip,he brings a lot of living necessities,such as towers,soap,toothbrush etc.7.whose 是关系代词,修饰名
7、词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格 学习必备 欢迎下载 8 当从句的逻辑主语是 some,any,no,somebody,anybody,nobody,something,anything,everything 或 nothing 时,常用 there is 来引导 二、非限定性定语从句:非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 1.which 引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 2.在引导限定性定语从句时,that 有时相当于 in which,at which,for which 或 at wh
8、ich Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which)attitudes towards night dreaming have changed.人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处 I like the music for the very reason that(for which)he dislike it.我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反 We arrived the day that(on which)they left.刚好
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