高三一轮复习专题三 形容词和副词法讲解与练习中学教育高考英语_中学教育-高考.pdf

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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 第 1 页 专题三 形容词和副词 考点聚焦 一、形容词 1、形容词在句中的作用 形容词在句中可以用作定语，表语，复合宾语的一部分和状语。Eg:The tall boys are playing basketball.(作定语)His speech is wonderful.(作表语)They found the film quite helpful.(作复合宾语)He went to school in the rain,all wet.(作状语)2、形容词的位置 一般情况下，形容词作定语放在被修饰词之前。但在下列情况下，形容词要后置。1)形容词修饰复合不定代词时，需后置。

2、Eg:There is nobody absent today.Is there anything wrong with your car?2)以-able/-ble 结尾的形容词可置于最高级或 only 修饰的名词后。Eg:That is the only solution possible.3)成对的形容词可以后置。Eg:There was a huge room,simple and beautiful.4)当“形容词+介词/不定式”构成的短语作定语时，需后置。Eg:The teacher asked me a question too difficult to answer.5)当 o

3、ld,long,high,deep等词附有数量短语作定语时，需后置。Eg:At that time she was only a girl five years old.学习必备 欢迎下载 第 2 页 Yesterday,I saw a snake about a meter long.3、多个形容词作定语的排列顺序 限定词(this,that,these,those 等)+数量形容词(序数前，基数后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等体型的形容词+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词中心词 those beautiful round multi-colored Chinese Cloissone(景泰

4、蓝)vase 限定词 性状 形体 颜色 国籍 材料 中心词 二、副词 1、副词在句中的作用 Eg:John went over the textbook carefully before the test.(修饰动词)His hair was undesirably untidy.(修饰形容词)Tom reads his book very attentively.(修饰副词)He arrived shortly after dinner time.(修饰介词短语)Obviously he is wrong.(修饰句子)2、副词的分类 时间副词:now,today,ago,always,nev

5、er,already,finally,soon.地点副词:here,anywhere,above,below,upstairs,home,abroad.程度副词:much,little,very,so,too,rather,almost.方式副词:badly,warmly,quickly.疑问副词:how,when,why,where 3、副词在句中的位置 1)副词修饰动词时，通常放在动词后或动词宾语后。Eg:He wrote a letter quickly.He will arrive soon.合宾语的一部分和状语作定语作表语作复合宾语作状语形容词的位置一般情况下形容词作定语放在被修饰词

6、之前但在下列情况下形容词要后置形容词修饰复合不定代词时需后置以结尾的形容词可置于最高级或修饰的名词后成对的形欢迎下载多个形容词作定语的排列顺序限定词等数量形容词序数前基数后性状形容词大小长短高低等体型的形容词新旧颜色国籍材料名词中心词景泰蓝限定词性状形体颜色国籍材料中心词二副词副词在句中的作用修饰动词修饰形容词修饰动词时通常放在动词后或动词宾语后第页学习必备欢迎下载程度副词和频度副词通常放在实义动词前情态动词或助动词与实义动词的中间的后面副词修饰整个句子时位于句首副词修饰形容词或副词时位于他们之前几个副词出学习必备 欢迎下载 第 3 页 2)程度副词和频度副词通常放在：a.实义动词前;b.情态

7、动词或助动词与实义动词的中间；c.verb to do的后面 Eg:He always gets up early in the morning.John can hardly speak Japanese.He is often busy with hid work.3)副词修饰整个句子时，位于句首 Eg:Certainly he will not come tonight.4)副词修饰形容词或副词时，位于他们之前 Eg:He did this job very well.5)几个副词出现时，位置排序：方式副词+地点副词+时间副词 Eg:He listened to the music qu

8、ietly at home for the whole day.方式 地点 时间 三、形容词、副词的比较级及最高级 1、形容词、副词比较级、最高级的构成形式 1)单音节词和少数双音节词的变化规则 2)其它多音节词，在前面加-more/-most careful-more careful-most careful 3)一些特殊词的比较级和最高级 情况 变法规则 例词 一般情况 直接加-er/-est tall-taller-tallest 以-e结尾的词 直接加-r,-st large-larger-largest 以“辅音+y”结尾的词 变 y 为 i，再加-er/-est busy-busi

9、er-busiest 以一个辅音字母结尾 双写辅音字母，再加-er/-est big-bigger-biggest 合宾语的一部分和状语作定语作表语作复合宾语作状语形容词的位置一般情况下形容词作定语放在被修饰词之前但在下列情况下形容词要后置形容词修饰复合不定代词时需后置以结尾的形容词可置于最高级或修饰的名词后成对的形欢迎下载多个形容词作定语的排列顺序限定词等数量形容词序数前基数后性状形容词大小长短高低等体型的形容词新旧颜色国籍材料名词中心词景泰蓝限定词性状形体颜色国籍材料中心词二副词副词在句中的作用修饰动词修饰形容词修饰动词时通常放在动词后或动词宾语后第页学习必备欢迎下载程度副词和频度副词通常

10、放在实义动词前情态动词或助动词与实义动词的中间的后面副词修饰整个句子时位于句首副词修饰形容词或副词时位于他们之前几个副词出学习必备 欢迎下载 第 4 页 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/ill worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest 2、形容词、副词的比较等级 等级 形式 意义 原级.as+原级+as.和.一样.not as/so+原级+as.不如.比 较 级

11、.比较级+than.比.更.the+比较级.,the+比较级.越.就越.比较级+and+比较级.越来越.the+比较级+of the two(+名词)两者中较.的那个 最高级.最高级+比较范围.中最.比较级+than any other+单数名词 比任何一个.都.比较级+than all the other+复数名词 比其它所有.都.比较级+than anything/anyone else 比任何一个.都.合宾语的一部分和状语作定语作表语作复合宾语作状语形容词的位置一般情况下形容词作定语放在被修饰词之前但在下列情况下形容词要后置形容词修饰复合不定代词时需后置以结尾的形容词可置于最高级或修饰的

12、名词后成对的形欢迎下载多个形容词作定语的排列顺序限定词等数量形容词序数前基数后性状形容词大小长短高低等体型的形容词新旧颜色国籍材料名词中心词景泰蓝限定词性状形体颜色国籍材料中心词二副词副词在句中的作用修饰动词修饰形容词修饰动词时通常放在动词后或动词宾语后第页学习必备欢迎下载程度副词和频度副词通常放在实义动词前情态动词或助动词与实义动词的中间的后面副词修饰整个句子时位于句首副词修饰形容词或副词时位于他们之前几个副词出学习必备 欢迎下载 第 5 页(否定句中).a/an+比较级+单数可数名词 没有比.更.的 Eg:Tom sings as well as that famous singer.Sh

13、e looks younger than her young sister.He learns more quickly than his classmates.The more he studies,the happier he feels.The girl becomes more and more excited.The taller of the two girls is my friend.Of all the students in the class,Mary is the best.How beautiful she draws!I have never seen a bett

14、er picture.3、通过倍数来表示比较意义的句式 1).倍数+as.as.Eg:Your school is three times as big as ours.2).倍数+比较级+than.Eg:Your school is three times bigger than ours.3).倍数+the size/height/width/length,etc+of.Eg:Your school is three times the size of ours.4)倍数+what 从句 Eg:Our average income is almost five times what we

15、earned five years ago.5)比较级+than.+by+倍数 Eg:The population of this city is lager than that of our city by three times.四、熟记构词法 1、形容词 副词 合宾语的一部分和状语作定语作表语作复合宾语作状语形容词的位置一般情况下形容词作定语放在被修饰词之前但在下列情况下形容词要后置形容词修饰复合不定代词时需后置以结尾的形容词可置于最高级或修饰的名词后成对的形欢迎下载多个形容词作定语的排列顺序限定词等数量形容词序数前基数后性状形容词大小长短高低等体型的形容词新旧颜色国籍材料名词中心词景泰

16、蓝限定词性状形体颜色国籍材料中心词二副词副词在句中的作用修饰动词修饰形容词修饰动词时通常放在动词后或动词宾语后第页学习必备欢迎下载程度副词和频度副词通常放在实义动词前情态动词或助动词与实义动词的中间的后面副词修饰整个句子时位于句首副词修饰形容词或副词时位于他们之前几个副词出学习必备 欢迎下载 第 6 页 情况 变法规则 例词 一般情况下 直接在词尾+加-ly quickly,slowly,loudly,suddenly.以辅音字母+y 结尾的 改-y为-i，再加-ly happily,angrily,luckily,heavily.以-able/-ble结尾的 去掉-e，再加-y possib

17、ly,terribly.少数以-e结尾的 去掉-e，再加-ly true-truly 绝大部分以-e结尾的 直接加-ly politely,widely.以-l结尾 直接加-ly usually,usefully,carefully.以-ll结尾 直接加-y full-fully 2、名词 形容词 1)以“天气”有关的名词，后面加-y，变为形容词。rain-rainy cloud-cloudy wind-windy snow-snowy 注意：a.以重度闭音节且词尾只有一个辅音字母的，将其双写辅音字母，再加-y。sun-sunny fun-funny b.少数以不发音的-e结尾，应去-e，再加

18、-y。noise-noisy ice-icy 2)抽象名词在词尾加-ful变为形容词。care-careful help-helpful use-useful 3)表国家的名词在词尾加-ese/-n 表位形容词。Japan-Japanese America-American Australia-Australian 合宾语的一部分和状语作定语作表语作复合宾语作状语形容词的位置一般情况下形容词作定语放在被修饰词之前但在下列情况下形容词要后置形容词修饰复合不定代词时需后置以结尾的形容词可置于最高级或修饰的名词后成对的形欢迎下载多个形容词作定语的排列顺序限定词等数量形容词序数前基数后性状形容词大小长

19、短高低等体型的形容词新旧颜色国籍材料名词中心词景泰蓝限定词性状形体颜色国籍材料中心词二副词副词在句中的作用修饰动词修饰形容词修饰动词时通常放在动词后或动词宾语后第页学习必备欢迎下载程度副词和频度副词通常放在实义动词前情态动词或助动词与实义动词的中间的后面副词修饰整个句子时位于句首副词修饰形容词或副词时位于他们之前几个副词出学习必备 欢迎下载 第 7 页 注：Canada-Canadian China-Chinese England-English 4)名词后加-ous变为形容词。danger-dangerous 5)名词后加-ly变为形容词。friend-friendly love-lovel

20、y 6)名词后加-less 变为含否定意义的形容词。care-careless use-useless hope-hopeless home-homeless 7)一些以-ence 结尾的名词，把-ence 改为-ent变为形容词。difference-different silence-silent 8)名词后加-al或去-e再加-al变为形容词 critic-critical crime-criminal 真题演练 1.According to a review of evidence in a medical journal,runners live three years (long)

21、than non-runners.2.Running is cheap,easy and its always (energy).3.A taste for meat is (actual)behind the change.4.According to the World Bank,China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe)fertilizer consumption.5.He screams the (loud)of all.6.Even (bad),the amount of fast food that people eat

22、 goes up.7.However,be (care)not to go to extremes.8.It must have been (fair)unpleasant for the passengers,with all the smoke and noise.9.The central London Railway was one of the most (success)of these new lines 10.It is (certain)fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.11.The obvious one is money;e

23、ating out once or twice a week may be (afford)but doing this most days adds up.12.There could be an even (high)cost on your health.13.she noticed a (shine)object.14.The title will be (official)given to me at a ceremony in London.15.We are far more productive at work if we take short breaks (regular)

24、.16.you should take a step back and identify(识别)those of (great)and less importance.17.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which (gradual)turned into chopsticks.18.Abercrombie&Kent,a travel company in Hong Kong,says it (regular)arranges quick 合宾语的一部分和状语作定语作表语作复合宾语作状语形容词的位置一般情况下形容词作

25、定语放在被修饰词之前但在下列情况下形容词要后置形容词修饰复合不定代词时需后置以结尾的形容词可置于最高级或修饰的名词后成对的形欢迎下载多个形容词作定语的排列顺序限定词等数量形容词序数前基数后性状形容词大小长短高低等体型的形容词新旧颜色国籍材料名词中心词景泰蓝限定词性状形体颜色国籍材料中心词二副词副词在句中的作用修饰动词修饰形容词修饰动词时通常放在动词后或动词宾语后第页学习必备欢迎下载程度副词和频度副词通常放在实义动词前情态动词或助动词与实义动词的中间的后面副词修饰整个句子时位于句首副词修饰形容词或副词时位于他们之前几个副词出学习必备 欢迎下载 第 8 页 getaways here for pe

26、ople living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.19.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat (slow)during cool nights.20.As (nature)architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.21.The riv

27、e was so polluted that it (actual)caught fire and burned.22.Now the water in the river is (clean)than ever.23.There are (amaze)stories of instant transformation.24.Just be (patience).25.Some of them looked very anxious and (disappoint).26.The passengers （sudden）became friendly to one another.单句填空 1.

28、Nowadays the fact is widely accepted that passive smoking is harmful to people s health,_(particular).2.Ms Alice is considered a _(generously)lady by us,for she often helps the poor she met with.3.Great inventors don t _(necessary)graduate from famous universities.Some didn t even go to university.4

29、.Everything seemed to be going _(smooth)for the first two weeks after I moved to Sydney.5.It s hard for him to play against me.I ve nothing to pay for,but him,he needs to win so _(bad).6.As is known to us,a _(consider)person is likely to make and keep more friends.7.Many newspapers claim to be polit

30、ically neutral,but few _(actual)are.8.It is said that smog will become more _(frequency)unless we take more effective measures.9.-Have you finished your experiment report,Jane?-Oh,my God.I ve _(entire)forgotten all about that!10.Living in a highly _(compete)society,you definitely have to arm yoursel

31、f with modern technology and skills.11.I have 50,but that isn t _(near)enough for my journey fare.12.Believe or not,what was considered impolite years ago has become _(accept)now.13.Hearing the loud noise,the passengers on board looked out of the bus window,_(surprise)and _(nerve).14.-Did you enjoy

32、yourself in your trip to Sanya?-Yes.I couldn t have enjoyed myself _(much)-it was perfect.15.-Frank,I m considering learning to drive this season.-So hot now,and wouldn t next season be _(wise)?16.合宾语的一部分和状语作定语作表语作复合宾语作状语形容词的位置一般情况下形容词作定语放在被修饰词之前但在下列情况下形容词要后置形容词修饰复合不定代词时需后置以结尾的形容词可置于最高级或修饰的名词后成对的形欢迎下载多个形容词作定语的排列顺序限定词等数量形容词序数前基数后性状形容词大小长短高低等体型的形容词新旧颜色国籍材料名词中心词景泰蓝限定词性状形体颜色国籍材料中心词二副词副词在句中的作用修饰动词修饰形容词修饰动词时通常放在动词后或动词宾语后第页学习必备欢迎下载程度副词和频度副词通常放在实义动词前情态动词或助动词与实义动词的中间的后面副词修饰整个句子时位于句首副词修饰形容词或副词时位于他们之前几个副词出