高三名词性从句全解析中学教育高考英语_中学教育-高考英语.pdf

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1、授课主题 名词性从句讲解以及高考考点 教学内容 课前回顾 先看以下题目：选择 1._ the baby could speak made his parents very happy.A.That B.What C.Why D.If 2.I wonder _ you will go shopping or stay at home.A.that B.if C.whether D.what 3.This is _ he was often late for school.A.what B.that C.why D.whether 4.We all know the truth _ the ear

2、th _ around the sun.A.if;moved B.that;moves C.why;move D.whether;move 知识梳理 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句成分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。（一）引导名词性从句的连接词 1、连接代词：who,whose,whom,what,which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2、连接副词：when,where,why,how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。3、连接词：that,whether,if,as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担

3、任成分，有时可省略；if(whether),as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。填空：我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I don t know _ broke the glass yesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea _ he looks like.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _ I left my glasses.知识点 1：主语从句 1、主语从句在复合句作主语。e.g.Who will go is not impo

4、rtant.2、用 it 作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。e.g.It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not.3、that 引导主语从句时，不能省略。e.g.That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.注意：that 从句作主语和宾语时，可以用 it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。(A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that (B)It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that.

5、(C)It is said/reported/believed/known/thought/suggested that （D）It seems/happens/occurs/turned out that 如：It happened that I went out last night.It is said that China will win in the World Cup.知识点 2：表语从句 用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。可以接表语从句的连系动词由 be,look,remain,seem 等。That 引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略。1、由从属连词

6、 that，whether 引导的表语从句。that 在引导表语从句时无词义，而 whether 有词义，意为、“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question(问题)，trouble(麻烦)，problem(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。The trouble is(that)she has lost his money.The question is whether we need more ice cream.2、由关系代词引导

7、的表语从句。关系代词 who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。The question is which of us should go.The problem was who could do the work.3、由关系副词引导的表语从句。Go and get your coat.Its where you left it.That is what he is worried about.4、由连词 because，as if/as though等引

8、导的表语从句。It looked as if it was going to snow.e.g.The question was who could go there.知识点 3：宾语从句 1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词 that 一般可省略。e.g.I hope(that)everything is all right.2、宾语从句中的连接词 that 有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中 that 不能省略：（A）当 that 从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that 不可省略；（B）当 that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that

9、不能省；（C）当 that 作介词宾语时，that 不可省掉。如：He judged that,because he was a child,he did not understand wine Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.宾语或定知识梳理名词性从句相当于名词可分别作主句的主语表语宾语和同位语因此名词性从句成分为主语从句表语从句宾语从句和同位语从句一引导名词性从句的连接词连接代词语等连接副词有词义在

10、从句中担任成分作状语连接不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃我不知道他长的什么样子这就是我忘记眼镜的地方知识点主语从句主语从句在复合句作主语用作形式主语主语从句放在句末引导主语从句时不能省略注意从句作主语和宾语时可以用来替换成以下几种结构表引导表语从句时在口语中间或可以省略由从属连词引导的表语从句在引导表语从句时无词义而有词义意为是否这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词如问题麻烦问题结果可能性建议想法理由等表语从句对主句主语进行说明解释使主语的3、whether 和 if 的用法。1）whether 和 if 在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用 whether。如：It all depends o

11、n whether they will come back.2）后面直接跟 or not 时用 whether。如：I didn t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.3）主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中只能用 whether。如：Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.The question is whether they have so much money.We ought to discuss carefully the question wheth

12、er we can do it or not.4）whether 常与 or 连用表示一种选择，if 不能这样用 The question of whether they are male or female is not important.5）whether 也可与动词不定式连用但 if 不能。如：I have not decided whether to go or not.6）宾语从句提前时用 whether 不用 if。如：Thank you,but whether Ill be free Im not sure at the moment.7）引导条件状语从句时，必须用 if.If

13、 it rains tomorrow,we wont go to the Summer Palace.if/whether 1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3.Were worried about _ he is safe.4.I don t know _ he is well or not.5.I don t know _ or not he is well.6.The question is _ he should

14、do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question_ the old man will recover soon.8.I don t know _ to go.知识点 4：同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea、promise 等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。e.g.I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said

15、anything surprised everybody.注意:同位语从句与定语从句中 that 的区别。同位语从句中的连词 that 只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词 that 在句中做宾语或主语，定语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词 that 而不能用 which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea、promise 等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如：The informat

16、ion has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.知识点 5：疑问词+ever 和 no matter+疑问词的区别 疑问词+ever 可引导名词性从句，在从句中要充当一定的部分。如：宾语或定知识梳理名词性从句相当于名词可分别作主句的主语表语宾语和同位语因此名词性从句成分为主语从句表语从句宾语从句和同位语从句一引导名词性从句的连接词连接

17、代词语等连接副词有词义在从句中担任成分作状语连接不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃我不知道他长的什么样子这就是我忘记眼镜的地方知识点主语从句主语从句在复合句作主语用作形式主语主语从句放在句末引导主语从句时不能省略注意从句作主语和宾语时可以用来替换成以下几种结构表引导表语从句时在口语中间或可以省略由从属连词引导的表语从句在引导表语从句时无词义而有词义意为是否这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词如问题麻烦问题结果可能性建议想法理由等表语从句对主句主语进行说明解释使主语的Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.You can choose whatever you like

18、in the shop.疑问词+ever 还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whoever breaks the rule,he must be punished,Whatever you do,you must do it well.no matter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如：No matter what you do,you must do it well.No matter who breaks the rule,he must be punished.知识点 6：名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致 （1）宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去

19、时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：Hello,I didn t know you were in London.How long have you been here?The teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed.（2）主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由 and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：When the meeting will begin _not been decided yet.（has not）When

20、they will start and where they go _not been decided yet.(have not)When and where the meeting will begin _not been decided.（has not）知识点 7：名词性从句的词序 名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：He asked me what was the matter with me.We ve heard the news that well move into the new house.Whatever you say will interest us all.知识点

21、 8：that 和 what的区别 that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而 what 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定主语、宾语、表语或定语，what 的意思是:“什么,的.”What surprised me most is her cheerful expression on her face.That/what 1._ he wants is a book.2._ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.4.This is _ we want to k

22、now.5.Is _ he told us true?6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7.I have no doubt _ he will come.8.I have no idea _ he did that afternoon 知识点 9：名词性从句高考趋势和重点 宾语或定知识梳理名词性从句相当于名词可分别作主句的主语表语宾语和同位语因此名词性从句成分为主语从句表语从句宾语从句和同位语从句一引导名词性从句的连接词连接代词语等连接副词有词义在从句中担任成分作状语连接不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃我不知道他长的什么样子这就是我

23、忘记眼镜的地方知识点主语从句主语从句在复合句作主语用作形式主语主语从句放在句末引导主语从句时不能省略注意从句作主语和宾语时可以用来替换成以下几种结构表引导表语从句时在口语中间或可以省略由从属连词引导的表语从句在引导表语从句时无词义而有词义意为是否这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词如问题麻烦问题结果可能性建议想法理由等表语从句对主句主语进行说明解释使主语的一、It 在名词性从句中得用法：1.It is time that(虚拟语气)w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 2.It is the first time that（现在完成时）3.It is necessary(important)tha

24、tshould do(虚拟语气)4.It is likely(possible,obvious,clear,natural,certain,)that 5.It is a pity(a fact,good news,no wonder,an honour,a shame,common sense,a common practice)that 6.It turned out that;It happened that;It occurred to sb.that;7.It is said(reported,believed,estimated,announced,expected)that;8.

25、It is suggested(required,ordered)that(虚拟语气)二、What 与 that 在名词性从句中用法比较：w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m That Tom fell off his chair by accident got the classmates laughing.What Tom learned in university helps him a lot in his job.注：that 在从句中不作任何成分，what 在从句中必须担当主语或宾语。We have reached what is called XinJie kou.三、宾语从句

26、 1.一个动词后跟多个宾语从句时，第二个开始的连词 that 不能省略。He said(that)he didnt attend the party and that he didnt want to.2.否定转移 I don t think he is fit for the job,is he?I never thought that he would come for the dinner party.3.有些不可直接跟宾语从句的动词。I hate it when;I dislike it when;I d appreciate it if I will see to it that 4

27、.与定语从句的转换 Jerry told us _ he had seen abroad.A.what B.all that C.all what D.all 注：本题四个答案都正确。答案 C 可以看作 all 是前面的 us 的同位语。四、主语从句 a.主语从句于定语从句的转换 What is needed has been bought.All that is needed has been bought.w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m b.几个特殊句型之间的转换 It is known to all that China has joined the WTO.As is know

28、n to all,China has joined the WTO.What is known to all is that China has joined the WTO.五、表语从句 a.表语从句中的虚拟语气 My suggestion is that we should carry out the plan as soon as possible.b.几个表语从句的切换 The reason why I came late is that my car broke down on the half way.He came late.Thats because his car broke

29、 down.His car broke down on the half way.Thats why he came late.六、同位语从句 a.与定语从句的区别 It is a fact that he has done his best.w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 宾语或定知识梳理名词性从句相当于名词可分别作主句的主语表语宾语和同位语因此名词性从句成分为主语从句表语从句宾语从句和同位语从句一引导名词性从句的连接词连接代词语等连接副词有词义在从句中担任成分作状语连接不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃我不知道他长的什么样子这就是我忘记眼镜的地方知识点主语从句主语从句在复合句作主语用作形式主语

30、主语从句放在句末引导主语从句时不能省略注意从句作主语和宾语时可以用来替换成以下几种结构表引导表语从句时在口语中间或可以省略由从属连词引导的表语从句在引导表语从句时无词义而有词义意为是否这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词如问题麻烦问题结果可能性建议想法理由等表语从句对主句主语进行说明解释使主语的 It is a fact that you cant refuse.b.同位语从句中的虚拟语气 The proposal that he put forward is to be discussed at the meeting.The proposal that we should import more

31、 equipment is to be discussed.c.have no idea 后面跟同位语从句 I have no idea where Green Park lies.巩固练习 名词性从句：1.Do you know that Australia was as a matter of fact _used to be a land for prisoners?(2011年宝山区一模)A.where B.what C.which D.that 2.“It seems as if thereve been a lot of strong earthquakes this year.A

32、nd no,its not a signal _the planet is coming apart at the seams(缝隙).”Scientists say.(2011年宝山区一模)A.whether B.that C.what D.which 3.There is growing concern _food supplies will not be enough to feed the increasing world population.(2011年长宁区一模)A.that B.which C.as D.where 4.The lady was beautiful and _i

33、mpressed me most was her education background that she used to do scientific research at Stanford University.(2011年长宁区一模)A.that B.which C.where D.what 5._does something good will be praised by the teacher.(2011年崇明县一模)A.Anyone B.No matter who C.Those who D.Whoever 6.A few years ago,the belief became

34、general _orange juice and milk should never be drunk at the same time.(2011年崇明县一模)A.that B.what C.and that D.which 7._the trapped miners needed urgently was a continuous supply of fresh air and water.(2011年奉贤区一模)A.When B.That C.What D.Whether 8.Contrary to the opinion of the members,the president sh

35、ould appoint _he thinks can do the job most adequately.(2011年奉贤区一模)A.who B.whom C.whomever D.whoever 9.In yesterdays speech,it wasnt made clear _the earthquake cant be predicted accurately.(2011年虹口区一模)A.what B.why C.that D.how 10.Research shows when people are shut up together,theyre in _is called a

36、 stress situation.(2011年虹口区一模)A.that B.how C.what D.why 11.We will discuss _information is,or can be,organized in the course of Journalism.(2011年黄浦区一模)A.that B.what C.whether D.how 12._makes the working class differ from peasants is longer periods of employment and more fixed incomes.(2011年黄浦区一模)宾语或

37、定知识梳理名词性从句相当于名词可分别作主句的主语表语宾语和同位语因此名词性从句成分为主语从句表语从句宾语从句和同位语从句一引导名词性从句的连接词连接代词语等连接副词有词义在从句中担任成分作状语连接不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃我不知道他长的什么样子这就是我忘记眼镜的地方知识点主语从句主语从句在复合句作主语用作形式主语主语从句放在句末引导主语从句时不能省略注意从句作主语和宾语时可以用来替换成以下几种结构表引导表语从句时在口语中间或可以省略由从属连词引导的表语从句在引导表语从句时无词义而有词义意为是否这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词如问题麻烦问题结果可能性建议想法理由等表语从句对主句主语进行说明解释使主语的

38、A.That B.How C.What D.Whether 13.All the people wondered eagerly _caused the serious building fire in Jiaozhou Road in Shanghai.(2011年嘉定区一模)A.what was it that B.what it was that C.how it was that D.why it was that 14.All the specialists are trying their best to reduce the people s fear _“super influ

39、enza”will affect the world seriously and kill more and more people in a short time.(2011年嘉定区一模)A.which B.that C.whether D.because 15._ is most important to me is that a volunteer job for the World Expo Park can offer me a chance to help others.(2011年嘉定区一模)A.It B.That C.What D.This 16.His ability has

40、 never been in doubtthe question is _or not he is prepared to work hard.(2011年金山区一模)A.that B.if C.where D.whether 17.Do you know _had reported the accident to the police?(2011年金山区一模)A.who it was that B.who was it that C.it was who that D.that it was who 18.More and more Chinese people follow the pra

41、ctice _they will travel to various scenic spots to enjoy the scenery in their leisure time.(2011年金山区一模)A.whether B.which C.where D.that 19.Everyone found _strange it was for Mr.Wang to arrive so early,he was always the last to get to.(2011年静安区一模)A.how B.which C.that D.what 20.The problem _ the quali

42、ty of the products is up to requirement has not been settled.(2011年静安区一模)A.if B.that C.what D.whether 21.They refused to admit Paul to the performance because of he was wearing.(2011年静安区一模)A.what B.how C.that D.which 22.How close parents are to their children _a strong influence on the character of

43、the Children.(2011 年卢湾区一模)A.have B.has C having D.to have 23 When I try to understand _that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect,it seems to me that there are two causes.(2011年卢湾区一模)A.why it does B.what it does C.what it is D.why it is 24.Prof.Lees book will show you _c

44、an be used in other contexts.(2011年卢湾区一模)A.that you have observed B.that how you have observed C.how that you have observed D.how what you have observed 25.Physics is the present-day equivalent of _used to be called natural philosophy,from which most of present-day science arose.(2011年卢湾区一模)A.that B

45、.all C.which D.what 课后作业 名词性从句强化题 1.We haven t settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad.A.if B.where C.whether D.that 2.A warm thought suddenly came to me _I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for 宾语或定知识梳理名词性从句相当于名词可分别作主句的主语表语宾语和同位语因此名词性从句成分为主语从句表语从句宾语从句和同位语从句一引导

46、名词性从句的连接词连接代词语等连接副词有词义在从句中担任成分作状语连接不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃我不知道他长的什么样子这就是我忘记眼镜的地方知识点主语从句主语从句在复合句作主语用作形式主语主语从句放在句末引导主语从句时不能省略注意从句作主语和宾语时可以用来替换成以下几种结构表引导表语从句时在口语中间或可以省略由从属连词引导的表语从句在引导表语从句时无词义而有词义意为是否这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词如问题麻烦问题结果可能性建议想法理由等表语从句对主句主语进行说明解释使主语的my mother s birthday.w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m A.if B.when C.that D.w

47、hich 3.There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.A.that B.which C.until D.if 4.Please remind me _ he said he was going.I may be in time to see him off.A.where B.when C.how D.what 5.We saw several natives advancing towards our party,and one of them came up to us._

48、we gave some bells and glasses.A.to which B.to whom C.with whom D.with which 6.With his work completed,the businessman stepped back to his seat,feeling pleased _ he was a man of action.A.which B.that C.what D.whether 7._ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.A.No matter

49、 what B.No matter which C.Whatever D.Whichever 8.I just wonder that makes him so excited.A.why it does B.what he does C.how it is D.what it is 9._ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger,more prosperous economy.w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m A.As B.That C.This D.It 10.Nobody beli

50、eved his reason for being absent form the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.A.why B.that C.where D.because 11.The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _ he thought was not enough.A.where B.how C.what D.which 12.He noticed that the straight part of the dance was different in the afternoo