外研版初中英语八年级下册各模块知识要点中学教育初中教育_中学教育-初中教育.pdf

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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 Module 1 Hobbies 复习要点 一、重点词组 tidy up 收拾，take up 占用（时间或空间）；a bit+adj./a bit of+n.一点儿(区别于 a little+adj./n.)；a collection of stamps/collect stamps 集邮；play the violin/the piano/the drum/the flute 拉小提琴/弹钢琴/打鼓/吹笛子；play football/tennis/volleyball 踢足球/打网球/打排球；listen to music 听音乐；all the time 一直,总是

2、；be/show/become interested in sth.对感兴趣/显示出/变得感兴趣；next time 下一次；at the end of 在末尾；need to do sth.需要做某事；start doing sth./to do sth.开始做某事；how often 多久一次(询问频率)；grow vegetables 种菜；look after 照顾,照看；such as=for example 例如；grow as a person 成长；develop ones interests 发展兴趣；come out 出版;出现;结果是；as a result 结果；lik

3、e doing sth./to do sth.喜欢做某事；in the future 在将来；try to do sth./try doing sth.尽力做某事/尝试做某事；in ones free/spare time 在某人业余时间；bring sb.great success 给某人带来成功（注意词性 success 成功 n.successful 成功的 adj.successfully 成功地 adv.succeed(in doing sth.)成功 v.；be popular with 在中受欢迎；write to sb.给某人写信；all over the world 遍及全世

4、界；think about考虑某事；find out(about)查明有关某事；dress in 穿着衣服；in the past 在过去；not onlybut also 不仅而且 三、重点知识点 make+sb./sth.+adj.使怎么样 e.g.The news made her sad.使役动词 make/let/have sb.do sth.使某人做某事 e.g.Hobbies can make you grow as a person.The joke made us laugh.感官动词 hear/listen to/see/watch/feel sb.do/doing sth

5、.（其中 do 强调动作的全过程，而 doing 强调动作正在发生。）e.g.I heard someone singing in the next room.I often listen to him play the violin.Have you seen the book fall off the desk?I saw some boys playing football over there just now.The robot watches the professor eat and sleep every day.I felt my heart break.双宾语 give/b

6、ring/lend/hand/send/show/leave/teach/pass sb sth=give/bring/lend/hand/send/show/leave/teach/pass sth to sb e.g.Pass me the sugar,please.=Pass the sugar to me,please.buy/cook/read sb.sth.=buy/cook/read sth.for sb.e.g.My father bought me a new bike as my birthday present.=My father bought a new bike f

7、or me as my birthday present.help sb.do sth.=help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事 e.g.Tom often helps his classmates clean the classroom.My brother often helps me with my math.spend(时间或钱)on+名词 spend.(时间或钱)(in)doing sth.e.g.David spent four weeks on a summer camp.I spent five dollars on the book.Shall we spend s

8、ome time playing tennis on Saturday?We usually spend one hour doing my homework.辨析四个“花费”spend,cost,take,pay spend 主语是人，花费的对象可以为时间，也可以为钱，多用于 spend(时间或钱)on+名学习必备 欢迎下载 词/spend.(时间或钱)(in)doing sth.这两个结构中。e.g.I spent five dollars on the book.cost 主语是物，花费的对象只能是钱。e.g.The book cost me five dollars.（注意这里的 co

9、st 是其过去式）take 的花费对象多为时间，偶而为钱，e.g.The journey by car will take half an hour.另外，take 多用于下面的结构中：It takes/took/will take sb.some time to do sth.花费某人一些时间做某事。e.g.It took me two hours to finish my homework last night.It will take the workers one year to build this bridge.pay 主语是人，花费的对象为钱，多用于下面的结构中：pay(sb.)

10、(some money)(for sth.)e.g.I paid him 20,000 dollars for the house.as well as We all want to visit Beijing as well as Shanghai.He as well as his friends is coming to see me.（这里注意 as well as在句中做状语，不是主语成分，所以谓语动词要看前面的主语中心词。）ask sb.(not)to do sth./tell sb.(not)to do sth.e.g.The teacher asks us to be quie

11、t in class.My parents told me not to go out at night.What do you think of?/How do you like?e.g.What do you think of the Great Wall?How do you like Chinese food?Why not do sth?=Why dont you do sth?e.g.Why not go to the concert?=Why dont you go to the concert?三、语法 句子:简单句 并列句：由并列连词 and,but,or 等连接两个简单句，

12、两个句子是并列关系。复合句：由 if,when,while,because,although 等引导从句，两个句子有主句与从句之分。简单句的六种基本句型 1.主语+系动词+表语（+状语）These books are great.He looks worried.2.主语+谓语（不及物动词 vi）（+状语）The first book came out in 2003.We didnt go to the cinema yesterday.3.主语+谓语（及物动词 vt）+宾语（+状语）I bought a very good book yesterday.Every morning my m

13、other prepares breakfast for me.4.主语+谓语（及物动词 vt）+间接宾语+直接宾语（+状语）His hobby has brought him enjoyment.Last week,my aunt sent me a box of chocolate.5.主语+谓语（及物动词 vt）+宾语+宾语补足语（+状语）We can help you develop new skills.The news made everyone happy.6.there be+主语+状语 There are many story books in his schoolbag.M

14、odule 2 Friendship 复习要点 打网球打排球听音乐一直总是对感兴趣显示出变得感兴趣下一次在末尾需要做某事开始做某事多久一次询问频率种菜照顾照看例如成长发展兴趣出版出现结果是结果喜欢做某事在将来尽力做某事尝试做某事在某人业余时间给某人带仅而且三重点知识点使怎么样使役动词使某人做某事感官动词其中强调动作的全过程而强调动作正在发生双宾语帮助某人做某事时间或钱名词时间或钱辨析四个花费主语是人花费的对象可以为时间也可以为钱多用于时间或钱名学习偶而为钱另外多用于下面的结构中花费某人一些时间做某事主语是人花费的对象为钱多用于下面的结构中这里注意在句中做状语不是主语成分所以谓语动词要看前面的主

15、语中心词三语法句子简单句并列句由并列连词等连接两个简单学习必备 欢迎下载 一、重点词组 hold the line(=hold on)稍等，别挂断；call back 打（电话）回来；right now 现在；take a message 捎个信儿；leave a message 留个信儿；whether.or not 是否；in fact 事实上 a couple of.几个，若干；in a week 一周后（用于将来时）；miss ones close friends 想念某人的好朋友；be different from.(反义：the same as.)与.不同(反义：与.相同)make

16、 friends with sb.与.交朋友；good luck with.祝.好运；bring sb.for a visit to some place 带某人来某地参观；wait for sb.(to do sth.)等待某人做某事；invite sb.to do sth./invite sb.to some place 邀请某人去做某事/去某地；talk with/to sb about sth.和某人谈论某事；by the way 顺便说一下；feel happy/unhappy/better 感觉快乐/不快乐/更好；take place 发生；far(away)from some p

17、lace 离某地远；be afraid to do sth./be afraid of sth./doing sth.害怕做某事；every time+时间状语从句 每次；want(sb.)to do sth.想让某人做某事；worry about.担心.；sit at the desk/work at the computer 坐在桌旁/在电脑前工作；as usual 像往常一样；at that moment 在那时；enter the room(注意 enter 是及物动词，后不加介词。)进入房间；turn back 转过身；day by day 一天天地；be close to.离.近；

18、smile at sb.对.微笑；laugh at sb.嘲笑某人；It doesnt matter(that.).没关系；not.any more/not.any longer 不再；give advice/take advice 提出建议/接受建议；look for.寻找.；in town/in the country 在城镇/在乡村 二、重要知识点 *What does it feel like?用来询问对方对某件事的看法。e.g.What does it feel like to be at school in America?在美国上学感觉如何？类似的表达还有 What do you

19、 think of.?/How do you like.?*辨析 sometime,some time,sometimes,some times sometime 某个时候，表示时间点，多用于将来。I believe that my dream will come true sometime in the future.some time 一段时间，表示时间段，多用于现在完成时。He has been here for some time.sometimes 有时，表频率，多用于一般现在时。Its sometimes hot and sometimes cold.some times 若干次/

20、若干倍 I have been to Sydney some times.*辨析 lonely 与 alone lonely 是 adj.表示孤独的，是内心的感受，而 alone 可做 adj.或 adv.，表示独自一人地，是现实的状况。e.g.She felt lonely because she had no friends here.她因为在这儿没有朋友而感到很孤独。The old woman lives alone because her daughter is abroad.But she is not lonely because we often go to see her.这位

21、老奶奶一个人独自居住，因为她的女儿在国外，但她并不孤独，因为我们经常去看望她。*辨析 other,the other,others,the others 区分这四个词，只需注意以下两点：1 没有 the 表示别的，其余的；有 the 强调其余所有的 打网球打排球听音乐一直总是对感兴趣显示出变得感兴趣下一次在末尾需要做某事开始做某事多久一次询问频率种菜照顾照看例如成长发展兴趣出版出现结果是结果喜欢做某事在将来尽力做某事尝试做某事在某人业余时间给某人带仅而且三重点知识点使怎么样使役动词使某人做某事感官动词其中强调动作的全过程而强调动作正在发生双宾语帮助某人做某事时间或钱名词时间或钱辨析四个花费主语

22、是人花费的对象可以为时间也可以为钱多用于时间或钱名学习偶而为钱另外多用于下面的结构中花费某人一些时间做某事主语是人花费的对象为钱多用于下面的结构中这里注意在句中做状语不是主语成分所以谓语动词要看前面的主语中心词三语法句子简单句并列句由并列连词等连接两个简单学习必备 欢迎下载 2 若 other 后没有 s 则后面往往还有名词（单数情况除外），若 other 后有 s 则后面不加名词。另外，another 与这四组词都不相同，它表示又一个，再一个，所指事物没有范围，而上面那四组词则都是将事物分成了两大部分。e.g.English is spoken not only in the UK and

23、the USA,but also in many other countries.（这里不强调除英美外，其余所有的国家都说英语，所以不加 the，另外，后面有 countries，所以 other 不加 s。）The old lady has four sons.One is in Canada,the others are in America.（这里强调除一个在加拿大外，其余所有的都在美国，所以加 the，另外，other 后面没有名词，所以加 s。）Would you like another cup of tea?（这里指再来一杯，没有范围。）*当 adj.修饰不定代词(somethi

24、ng,anything,nothing,everything)时，adj.要后置。e.g.I have something important to tell you.He has nothing new to say.*辨析 surprising 与 surprised surprising 意为令人惊讶的，修饰物或事；而 surprised 意为吃惊的，修饰人。e.g.The news is surprising.Im surprised at the news.类似的单词还有 exciting(excited),tiring(tired),pleasing(pleased),amazin

25、g(amazed)等。*掌握一些固定电话用语：Is Chen Huan there?请问陈欢在吗?Is that Chen Huan(speaking)?您是陈欢吗?May I speak to Jack,please?杰克在吗?Ill call back later.我一会儿再打。This is Sally(speaking).我是 Sally。Whos calling,please?请问您是那位？Hold the line,please.稍等，别挂断。Sorry.He isnt here right now.对不起，他现在不在。Can I take a message?/Can you l

26、eave a message?我能捎个信儿吗？/您能留个信儿吗？Im afraid you have the wrong number.恐怕您打错了。四、语法 Objective Clause 宾语从句 宾语从句可根据引导词分为三大类：1 当从句是陈述句时，用 that 引导，that 可省略，语序不变。*Trees improve the air.Betty thinks(that)trees improve the air.*It will snow this winter.I hope(that)it will snow this winter.*There is a good film

27、 tonight.Jack said(that)there was a good film on that night 2 当从句是一般疑问句时，用 if 或 whether 引导（若句尾有 or not，则用 whether，语序打网球打排球听音乐一直总是对感兴趣显示出变得感兴趣下一次在末尾需要做某事开始做某事多久一次询问频率种菜照顾照看例如成长发展兴趣出版出现结果是结果喜欢做某事在将来尽力做某事尝试做某事在某人业余时间给某人带仅而且三重点知识点使怎么样使役动词使某人做某事感官动词其中强调动作的全过程而强调动作正在发生双宾语帮助某人做某事时间或钱名词时间或钱辨析四个花费主语是人花费的对象可以

28、为时间也可以为钱多用于时间或钱名学习偶而为钱另外多用于下面的结构中花费某人一些时间做某事主语是人花费的对象为钱多用于下面的结构中这里注意在句中做状语不是主语成分所以谓语动词要看前面的主语中心词三语法句子简单句并列句由并列连词等连接两个简单学习必备 欢迎下载 由原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。*Will they plant trees on Sunday?He doesnt know whether they will plant trees on Sunday or not.*Have you seen him before?I cant remember if I have seen hi

29、m before.*Was she late for class this morning?He asks if she was late for class this morning.*Did she study hard?I didnt know whether she studied hard or not.3 当从句是特殊疑问句时，用原来的特殊疑问词引导，语序由原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。*How can we help protect the environment?He asks how we can help protect the environment.*Why do t

30、hey like computer games so much?I cant understand why they like computer games so much.*When will we hold the sports meeting?Do you know when we will hold the sports meeting?*Where did the accident happen?Tom asked me where the accident happened.掌握宾语从句，尤其要注意以下三个方面：1 引导词 2 语序 3 时态：若主句是现在范畴的时态，从句用任何时态

31、均可。若主句是一般过去时，从句必须用过去范畴的时态。Exercises（练习）:1)Your father is a doctor.(I know)2)Whats he going to do?(He doesnt know)3)Should she go to the party?(She cant decide)4)When did he last see his old friends?(He cant remember)5)Do you like living in China?(Can I ask you)6)What does she usually do?(Tom asked)7

32、)Where did Mike study two years ago?(Do you know)8)Do you do your homework in the evening?(Could you tell me)打网球打排球听音乐一直总是对感兴趣显示出变得感兴趣下一次在末尾需要做某事开始做某事多久一次询问频率种菜照顾照看例如成长发展兴趣出版出现结果是结果喜欢做某事在将来尽力做某事尝试做某事在某人业余时间给某人带仅而且三重点知识点使怎么样使役动词使某人做某事感官动词其中强调动作的全过程而强调动作正在发生双宾语帮助某人做某事时间或钱名词时间或钱辨析四个花费主语是人花费的对象可以为时间也可以为

33、钱多用于时间或钱名学习偶而为钱另外多用于下面的结构中花费某人一些时间做某事主语是人花费的对象为钱多用于下面的结构中这里注意在句中做状语不是主语成分所以谓语动词要看前面的主语中心词三语法句子简单句并列句由并列连词等连接两个简单学习必备 欢迎下载 9)What does he do at weekends?(I wonder)10)How do things work?(Thomas Edison liked to find out)Module 3知识与语法要点 重点词组：1.take sb.around=show sb.around 带某人四处参观 2.mention sb./sth.(to

34、sb.)（向某人）提及某人/事 3.look out for 小心 4.stop to do sth.停止去做某事（不是同一件事）stop doing sth.停止做某事（停下手头上正在做的事情）5.need sth.需要某物 need to do 需要做某事 need doing sth.需要被（表被动）6.enjoy doing sth.享受做某事 7.keep sb./sth.adj.使某人/某事保持keep doing sth.使持续做某事 8.maybe adv.也许 may be 情态动词+be“也许是”9.join 参加/加入（组织、团体、党、团）take part in 参加（

35、聚会、活动）10.prepare for=get ready for 准备11.hate sb./sth.讨厌某人/事 hate doing sth.讨厌做某事（长时间的，习惯性的）hate to do 讨厌做某事（短暂性的）12.lose ones way=get lost/be lost 迷路；丢失 13.start/begin to do=start/begin doing 开始做某事 14.look down 向下看 look down at sb.向下看某人 15.explain sth.(to sb.)（向某人）解释某事 explain+从句 解释16.voice 嗓音（人说话、唱

36、歌等声音）sound 指人听到的任何声音（声音的统称）noise 噪音，杂音 17.seem to be 似乎是 seem to do 似乎做It seems that+从句 似乎/好像18.in person 亲自 19.ask for 请求20.learn about=hear about/of 听说 learn to do sth.学习做某事learn from sb.向某人学习 21.play/have a joke on sb.开某人的玩笑 22.look out of 从望出去/向外看 e with sb.=follow sb.跟着某人走 24.do a sound check 做

37、一个声音测试 25.begin/end with 以开始/结束 26.close down（电台）停止播音 27.in front of 在前面（外部）in the front of 在（范围内的）前面（内部）知识辅导 1.Wed like to thank you for taking us around Radio Beijing.(Unit 1,P18)(1)would like to do sth.“愿意做某事”,如:I would like to speak a few words.我想讲几句话”(2)would lik e sth.“愿意要某东西”,如:Would you like

38、 a cup of tea?Id like an apple.我想吃个苹果(3)thank you for doing sth.“因为而感谢你”,如:Thank you for your help 感谢你帮忙 Thank you for helping me.2.Dont mention it.在口语中回答别人感谢时常用,意思是“不客气,不用谢”,如:打网球打排球听音乐一直总是对感兴趣显示出变得感兴趣下一次在末尾需要做某事开始做某事多久一次询问频率种菜照顾照看例如成长发展兴趣出版出现结果是结果喜欢做某事在将来尽力做某事尝试做某事在某人业余时间给某人带仅而且三重点知识点使怎么样使役动词使某人做某

39、事感官动词其中强调动作的全过程而强调动作正在发生双宾语帮助某人做某事时间或钱名词时间或钱辨析四个花费主语是人花费的对象可以为时间也可以为钱多用于时间或钱名学习偶而为钱另外多用于下面的结构中花费某人一些时间做某事主语是人花费的对象为钱多用于下面的结构中这里注意在句中做状语不是主语成分所以谓语动词要看前面的主语中心词三语法句子简单句并列句由并列连词等连接两个简单学习必备 欢迎下载-Thank you for your help.-Dont mention it.3.Now,I want to answer your questions,but remember to look out for th

40、e red light.look out for 意思相当于 pay attention to,“照料,当心”,如:Look out for your little sister while youre at the station.look“看”,表示动作 see“看见,了解,领会”,表示结果,如:He looked but saw nothing.他看了,但什么也没看见。Oh,I see.哦，我明白了。由 look 组成的常见短语:look out“向外望,注意,当心”,如:“Look out!”Somebody shouted.look like“看起来象”,如:She looks li

41、ke her mother.look for“寻找”,如:She is looking for his new text book.look at“看”,如:Look at the blackboard,please.4.We decide what to listen to and who to see.(Unit 1,P18)decide 可用于结构:decide to do sth.“决定做某事”,如:He decided to go himself.他决定亲自去。decide sth.“决定某事”,如:The judge decided the case.法官判决了这个案件。decid

42、e+that 从句 “决定”,如:She has decided that she will be a doctor.她已决定将来当个医生。注意做动词的宾语的特殊疑问词+动词不定式结构,如:I dont know what to do.5.Me,too!常用于口语中,表示自己的情形和对方所提及的一样,意思是“我也这样”,如:-Sally has been to America.-Me,too!6.Some sports news about the England and China football match.(Unit 1,P18)news 是不可数名词,“一条新闻”不能说 a news

43、,而要说 a piece of news news 拓展的单词:newsreader 新闻播报员 newsboy“报童,送报人”newsman“卖报人,送报人;新闻记者”news-writer“新闻记者”注意一条谚语:No news,good news.(=No news is good news.)没有消息,就是好消息。7.We won the match!(Unit 1,P18)win 赢了比赛,不能用于赢了某人.8.And you want a job in radio?(Unit2,P20)打网球打排球听音乐一直总是对感兴趣显示出变得感兴趣下一次在末尾需要做某事开始做某事多久一次询问频

44、率种菜照顾照看例如成长发展兴趣出版出现结果是结果喜欢做某事在将来尽力做某事尝试做某事在某人业余时间给某人带仅而且三重点知识点使怎么样使役动词使某人做某事感官动词其中强调动作的全过程而强调动作正在发生双宾语帮助某人做某事时间或钱名词时间或钱辨析四个花费主语是人花费的对象可以为时间也可以为钱多用于时间或钱名学习偶而为钱另外多用于下面的结构中花费某人一些时间做某事主语是人花费的对象为钱多用于下面的结构中这里注意在句中做状语不是主语成分所以谓语动词要看前面的主语中心词三语法句子简单句并列句由并列连词等连接两个简单学习必备 欢迎下载 陈述句用升调读就变成了问句,这种问句称为陈述问句,如:The trai

45、n is in already?9.Shouldnt you be at school?(Unit2,P20)这是一个否定问句,带有惊讶情绪,这种问句还可以表示责难和赞赏,如:-Why are you driving so fast?Dont you know the traffic regulations?-Arent these flowers beautiful?10.When I was about four or five years old,I remember sitting close to the radio in the living room,listening to m

46、y favourite programmes,and to the voices of my favourite presenters.(Unit2,P20)在我四五岁的时候,我记得自己坐在客厅里的收音机旁,听我喜欢的节目和喜欢的播音员的声音.remember doing sth.“记得做过某事”;remember to do sth.“记着去做某事”,如:I remember seeing her once.我记得曾见过她一次。Remember to close the door when you leave.你离开时记得关上门.sitting close to the radio in t

47、he living room,listening to my favourite programmes,and to the voices of my favourite presenters.在句中做状语,表示伴随情况.my favourite programmes,和 the voices of my favourite presenters.并列作 listening to 的宾语,and 后面省略了 listening.close 在这里是形容词,意思是“离得近,距离短”,如:The table was close to the wall.它还有“关上”的意思,如:Close the

48、door,please.11.It seemed that they were speaking to me in person.(Unit2,P20)It seemed that表示“看起来似乎”的意思,如:It seemed that he had no money with him.in person“亲自”,如:He went to Beijing to receive the award in person.12.Once a week,I played my favourite music from my fathers computer to the listeners,talk

49、ed about life at school,and then closed down and did my homework.(Unit2,P20)Once a week“一周一次”,如:Once a week,I go to the cinema with my father.close down“关闭，停止”的意思,如:The small shop on the corner has closed down.Most television and radio stations close down at 12:00 pm.打网球打排球听音乐一直总是对感兴趣显示出变得感兴趣下一次在末尾需

50、要做某事开始做某事多久一次询问频率种菜照顾照看例如成长发展兴趣出版出现结果是结果喜欢做某事在将来尽力做某事尝试做某事在某人业余时间给某人带仅而且三重点知识点使怎么样使役动词使某人做某事感官动词其中强调动作的全过程而强调动作正在发生双宾语帮助某人做某事时间或钱名词时间或钱辨析四个花费主语是人花费的对象可以为时间也可以为钱多用于时间或钱名学习偶而为钱另外多用于下面的结构中花费某人一些时间做某事主语是人花费的对象为钱多用于下面的结构中这里注意在句中做状语不是主语成分所以谓语动词要看前面的主语中心词三语法句子简单句并列句由并列连词等连接两个简单学习必备 欢迎下载 13.One day I learnt