2023年高中英语语法之助动词用法详细解析.docx

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1、2023年高中英语语法之助动词用法详细解析助动词be的用法1）用于构成各种时态* Who is playing the violin?谁在拉小提琴？* Yesterday afternoon we were discussing a new plan. 昨天 下午我们在讨论一个新的计划。* Are you going home next week?你下周回家吗？* I1ve been writing letters all this morning. 这个上午我一 直在写信。2）用于构成各种被动语态* The road is being repaired. 路正在修整。* Hes not re

2、spected by the press.他们不受报界的尊重。* Being told the truth, he decided to leave. 得知真相之后， 他决定离开。* The house was built in 1978.这栋房子建于 1978 年。* His money has been stolen. 他的钱被偷了。3）用于构成各种被动形式* I saw him being taken away.我看见有人把他带走了。* How to avoid being hit by lightning?怎么避免被雷击呢？* They have the misfortune to b

3、e hit by a violent storm. 他 们不幸遇上了猛烈的风暴。* A dinner is to be given in honor of the new president. 将 为新校长举行宴会。have的用法1. have作助动词1）构成完成时态和完成进行时态* He has not made up his mind yet.他还没有决定呢。* He has been a doctor for 10 years. 他当 医生十年了。* I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了 我借的 书。* You will have r

4、eached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明 天这个时候，你已经抵达上海了。* By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours.等你今晚来到时，她已经打了几个小时的字了。* I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在学英 语，已达十年之久。* John has been painting the door.约翰一直在给门上油漆。* He told them he would have finished it by 8

5、or clock.他告 诉他们他会在8点以前干完。* No one in his senses would have done so. 没有一个神志清 醒的人会这样做。2）构成各种完成形式* You ought to have done your homework last weekdays. 你上 周本该做你的家庭作业。* You were supposed to have finished the work.你理应已经 完成这份工作。* She admitted having done wrong. 她承认做错了。* You are forgiven for not having hear

6、d of us. 你从没听说 过我们，不过这也不怪你。* Having finished all the tasks, we went to the cinema. 完 成所有的任务后，我们去了看电影。* Not having received a replay, he decided to write to her again.没有得到答复，他决定再写信给她。2. have作及物动词的用法1）表示所有关系* The book has a simple premise.本书有一个简单的前提。* Will we have time to go there?我们将有时间到那里去吗？* I have

7、 a beautiful dream.我有一个美丽的梦。* She has a little cat,她又一只小猫。* We had a wonderful time last night,我们昨晚过得很开心。* I have a fear that he will betray us, 我担心他会背叛我们。* Shell have a day off next week. 下周她休假一天。* You must have a cold today.你今天肯定感冒了。2）和许多动词连用表示动作* have a class 上课* have a meeting 开会* have a birthda

8、y party 举行生日聚会* have a swim 游泳* have a look 看一看3）构成某些动词结构a） have +名（代）词+不带to的不定式* I had Mary clean my bedroom yesterday. 昨天我让玛丽打扫 了我的卧室。* I won11 have him mend my watch. 我不会让他修我的手表。b） have +名（代）词+过去分词* The mother1 s having her baby hanged on her back. 这个母 亲把她的小孩背在背上。* The patient s having his temper

9、ature taken. 这个病人正在 量体温。* I have my homework finished.我完成了 作业。* I had my hair cut yesterday.我昨天理了 头发。c） have +名（代）词+现在分词* I had him doing the work all night long.我让他整晚都工 作。* The workers have the machine running. 工人让机器一直运作。* He had us laughing during the lunchtime. 他让我们在午饭 期间一直笑个不停。d） have （got） to 不

10、得不* We had to leave early.我们非早些离开不可。* They will have to pass a special test. 他们必须通过专门 测验。* r 11 have to look after her at home tomorrow. 我明天必须在家照顾她。* I have got to go.我得走了。* All of these have got to be chucked away.所以这些都要被 扔掉。* We have got to admit that you are right. 我们不得不承认 你是对的。e) have got ( = ha

11、ve)* I have got a headache.我头疼。* I have got no time. 我没有时间。* You have got a loose tooth.你有一颗牙齿松动了。* Have you got a dictionary?你有字典吗？* She has got the bag washed. 她洗了 这个包。助动词do的用法1)构成疑问句和否定句* Do you smoke?你抽烟吗？* I didnt know my own strength.我不知道 自己的力量。* I don*t know what to think.我不知道该想些什么。* Why didn

12、*t you tell me?你为什么不告诉我呢？2)加在动词前表示强调* He did finish his homework.他的确完成作业了。* Do sit down.务必请坐。* She does work at home.她的确在家工作。* Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时， 千万 要小心啊。* I do hope you will stay for lunch.我希望你能留下来吃午 饭。3)表示刚提到过的动作，以避免重复。* “She likes cakes. ” uShe really does.她喜欢蛋糕“她 的确喜欢

13、”* He doesnt smoke but I do. 他不抽烟，但我抽。* You like football but your brother doesnt.你喜欢足球，但你的弟弟不喜欢。* You didnt write to him, did you?你没有写信给他，是吗？* “Does he like coffee?” “No, he doesnt” “他喜欢咖啡 吗？ ” “不，他不喜欢”:注do也可作为实义动词用，如：* Have you done your homework?你做完作业 了吗？* What are they doing?他们在做什么？* Hes doing well.他做得很好。* These shoes won t do for climbing.这些鞋不适合於登山。