英国发布《国家太空空间战略》-42正式版.ppt

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1、National Space StrategySeptember 2021每日免每日免费获费获取取报告报告1、每日微信群内分享7+最新重磅报告；2、每日分享当日华华尔尔街日街日报报、金融时报；3、每周分享经济经济学人学人4、行研报告均为公开版，权利归原作者所有，起点财经仅分发做内部学习。扫一扫二维码关注公号回复：研究报告加入“起点财经”微信群。Crown copyright 2021This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 exceptwhere otherwise stat

2、ed.To view this licence,visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3.Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtainpermission from the copyright holders concerned.This publication is available at https:/www.gov.uk/government/publications

3、/national-space-strategyAny enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to us at enquiriesbeis.gov.ukNational Space StrategyForeword from the Prime MinisterCredit:Number 10 Downing StreetI was barely five years old when Neil Armstrong shuffled down the Eagles ladder and left thefirst human f

4、ootprint on the surface of the moon.Yet I still vividly recall my family and I not onlybeing transfixed by NASAs grainy black and white footage,but also excited by what thescenes we were witnessing meant for us all.The possibilities that now lay ahead,the ambitions that would be let slip,the breakth

5、roughs wecould look forward to.And of course being five years old it made me want to be an astronautmyself.Such is the unique power of space,turbocharging both our technology and ourimaginations.Yet for all the UKs prowess behind the scenes Armstrongs journey would never havehappened without the eng

6、ineering know-how of a chap from Anglesey named Tecwyn Roberts we have for too long failed to properly embrace the opportunities that the space industryoffers.And so the home of Bell Burnell,Hawking and Payne-Gaposchkin,a country that has done somuch to expand and enhance humanitys understanding of

7、the cosmos,has remained largelyearthbound.When it comes to getting off the ground we contribute to the work of others ratherthan taking the lead ourselves.This strategy is about changing that.About tapping our vast pools of talent and enthusiasm,putting the UK firmly in the front rank of the global

8、space industry,and harnessing thetechnology of space to solve problems and improve public services back down on Earth.5National Space StrategyIts a plan that will level up the UK by bringing opportunity to every part of it,with satellitesbeing propelled into orbit from as far afield as Cornwall and

9、Sutherland as soon as next year.Aplan that will create more jobs by putting rocket boosters the size of a Saturn Vs F1 underBritish space businesses.And a plan that will see us take a leading role on the internationalstage,Global Britain becoming Galactic Britain as we work with other nations to pur

10、sueexciting missions and with the UN to set the standards that will ensure space is usedresponsibly and safely.The days of the UK space industry idling on the launch pad are over this government has theRight Stuff,and this strategy marks the start of the countdown.The Rt Hon Boris Johnson MP,Prime M

11、inister6National Space StrategyForeword from the Secretaries of StateSpace is inspiring;the whole world gathered to watch humanity take its first steps on the Moonin 1969 and every child has looked up in wonder at the stars.But perhaps fewer of us realisejust how essential space is to every aspect o

12、f our modern daily life.Every time we use oursmartphones to navigate,every time we take a flight,every time we check the weather forecast we are using space.The Space Race of the 20th Century transformed and advanced our technology,our society,and our understanding of our place in the universe.The c

13、oming decades will do this again.New technologies and cheaper access to space will let us further explore the Earth and thesolar system,deliver new ubiquitous services like space-enabled internet,and make newscientific discoveries in zero-gravity.We entered this first Space Race during an era of gre

14、at power competition,with the US andSoviet Union vying for dominance.Today the nature of global power is shifting again as wemove towards a more intensely competitive world.Space was once only the preserve ofsuperpowers but increased commercial use of space will trigger a new wave of competition.Gov

15、ernments around the world will use a range of methods to compete,and this could includetechnologies intended to disrupt and deny others use of this domain.Any miscalculation couldpresent a real risk to our wellbeing and security.We must act to prevent this.We will empower British companies to capita

16、lise on new opportunities,with the UK providing acomprehensive end-to-end offer for space businesses to start and grow,including launchesinto orbit from British spaceports from 2022.Space will help us fight climate change,withsatellites providing an extraordinary insight into our climate and environ

17、ment.And researchersand innovators will use space in new and exciting ways,improving the way we live and work.The UK must be in the vanguard of this next phase of space innovation.The UK can look back on a proud history of activity in space.From our first satellite Ariel 1 in1962 and the launch of t

18、he Black Arrow rocket in 1971,to todays construction of the RosalindFranklin rover which will go to Mars as part of a major international mission,we have alwaysbrought to bear British skills,expertise,and ingenuity.To build on this foundation and seizethis moment in history,our UK-wide Space Strateg

19、y sets out our vision and ambition for the UKspace sector.It sets out how we will build one of the most innovative and attractive spaceeconomies in the world,creating the right conditions for space businesses to start,grow,innovate,and thrive,while giving them the confidence to do so.We will demonst

20、rate leadershipinternationally,ensuring that space remains safe and sustainable as we enter the next excitingphase of exploration,and we will take steps to ensure that we can protect and defend the UK.The Prime Minister has called for the UK to become a meaningful actor in space,and for thefirst tim

21、e this strategy brings together our civil and defence activities into one integratedapproach to achieve this ambition.Our partners in the space ecosystem will be vital todelivering this strategy,and we have asked the UK Space Agency and UK Space Command towork together to deliver on these goals.We w

22、ill work alongside our research sector,expert7National Space Strategyinstitutions,agencies and across the whole of government to do this.But most importantly thisstrategy sends a signal to businesses and innovators across the UK and further afield to takeadvantage of this moment of opportunity,and t

23、o come together and work with government todeliver on the strength of the UKs ambitions.The Rt Hon Ben Wallace MP,Secretary of State for DefenceThe Rt Hon Kwasi Kwarteng MP,Secretary of State for Business,Energy,andIndustrial Strategy8National Space StrategyExecutive summarySpace plays a critical ro

24、le in our daily lives.Satellites orbiting the Earth from only 160kilometres above our heads keep us connected with our friends,families,and colleagues.Theysupport our present and future security and prosperity,enabling us to navigate the oceans,keep our troops safe,monitor the climate and forecast t

25、he weather.And the space sector is avital part of the UKs economy,worth over 16.4 billion per year and employing over 45,000people in diverse and exciting roles as scientists,engineers,entrepreneurs,and innovators.1Space presents significant opportunities;the global space economy is projected to gro

26、w froman estimated 270 billion in 2019 to 490 billion by 20302.Constellations of satellites are beinglaunched to deliver worldwide services.New state and commercial space stations are beingplanned and built.And space tourism operators are flying their first customers into space.However,as the opport

27、unities have grown,so too have the threats;our potential adversariesare developing capabilities that will put our people,equipment and information networks at riskand make it harder to protect the UK.Space is changing,the UK must respond.This first ever National Space Strategy brings together the UK

28、s strengths in science andtechnology,defence,regulation,and diplomacy to pursue a bold national vision.This strategyidentifies five goals and the activities that government,academia and industry will need to taketo achieve them.1UK Space Industry:Size and Health Report 2020,published 19 May 2021,ava

29、ilable at GOV.UK2 BEIS analysis using third party market projections,detailed in the Technical Annex.This implies an annualgrowth rate of 5.6%.9National Space StrategyThe UK has built a thriving space economy with end-to-end support for space enterprises.Wehave a renowned science and technology sect

30、or,a strong talent pipeline,and leading satellitemanufacturing and operations capabilities.Highly innovative British companies have builtmature global supply chains.And from 2022 the first launches into space from the UK will takeplace.On the ground,British scientists and businesses have the skills

31、and technologies tointerpret and use the data we get from space,providing modern and innovative services to usall.And our broader strengths,from our modern regulatory regime to world-class financial andlegal services,make the UK a fantastic place to start,invest in,and grow a space business.The UK e

32、xcels in the manufacture of satellites,spacecraft,highly complex payloads,end-to-end satellite service delivery,satellite communications,and high-end navigation systems.Wehave ambitious plans to build new leadership in high growth areas,such as Earth Observation,navigation applications and services,

33、and satellite broadband.And we will work to establishearly leadership in potential and emerging markets such as in-orbit servicing,space travel andhabitation,and active debris removal.We will take action to unlock growth in the UK space sector,using government to unleash thepotential of our industry

34、,entrepreneurs,and innovators.This will include:ensuring innovative space businesses can access private finance through space-oriented venture capital funds,such as Seraphim Space Investment Trust,supported bythe British Business Bank leading the world in modern space regulation,and building new spa

35、ce tradingpartnerships with the world,building on the success of the UK-Australia space bridgeWe will collaborate internationally with our partners and allies to achieve our goals,including:maintaining our role in the European Space Agency whilst building new and enhancedbilateral relationships with

36、 countries such as the United States working at the UN to deliver leadership on a safe,sustainable,and secure spaceenvironment,in particular to deliver a new resolution on space threatsWe will grow the UK as a science and technology superpower,participating in the mostexciting research opportunities

37、.This will include:returning samples from Mars to the Earth for the first time and monitoring the sun forspace weather events like solar flares collaborating on the NASA-led Artemis programme to return humans to the MoonWe will upgrade the UKs space capabilities,that are crucial to so many of our ci

38、vil anddefence functions.This will include:delivering the UKs first Defence Space Portfolio,investing 5 billion over 10 years inthe militarys satellite communications and 1.4 billion in new technologies andcapabilities becoming the first country to launch a rocket into orbit from Europe in 2022 with

39、 the aimof becoming a leader in commercial small-satellite launch10National Space StrategyPart One:Context Space today andtomorrowGrowing and changing uses of spaceToday,all nations depend on space for their prosperity and security.Space is a vital part of the UKs economy.Satellites and space activi

40、ties deliver navigation,weather forecasting,power grid monitoring,financial transactions,and better public services.Satellites also support television services to millions of UK households as well as other digitalcommunications.The UK space sector is growing faster than the rest of the UK economy,an

41、dthe average worker in the space sector is 2.6 times more productive than in other sectors.3 It isworth over 16.4 billion per year,employs over 45,000 people,and satellites underpin 360billion per year of wider economic activity.43 The UK space economy GVA has grown at 4.7%over the last 4 years,comp

42、ared with the overall UK GDPgrowth of 3.7%4 UK Space Industry:Size and Health Report 2020,published 19 May 2021,available at GOV.UK11National Space StrategyGoonhilly Satellite Array.Credit:Spaceport CornwallSpace technologies and services also support the UKs ambition to be a science andtechnology s

43、uperpower.Earth Observation satellites increase our understanding of our ownplanet whilst telescopes,laboratories,and rovers expand our understanding of the universe.The technologies we develop and knowledge we gain through space support our wellbeing,provide services for our everyday lives,and help

44、 us support other countries and meet theUnited Nations Sustainable Development Goals.5 We use satellites to monitor and map cropsto enable more productive agriculture to sustainably feed a growing global population.Andcountries with capable space systems can lead the way in tackling challenges that

45、face theentire globe,such as the fight against climate change and biodiversity loss.Space is vital to the UKs security and resilience.It is fundamental to the UKs strategicadvantage and the successful conduct of military operations.Space capabilities form thebackbone of secure global communications,

46、navigation,and intelligence-gathering activities.From the first warning of imminent attacks,tracking of potentially hostile activity,to missilewarning systems,space systems underpin the capabilities that keep us safe and competitive.Space is defined as part of the UKs Critical National Infrastructur

47、e(CNI).CNI also relies on awide range of resilient space technologies including Position,Navigation and Timing(PNT)services and we have committed to making these services more resilient for both CNI usersand our wider economy.Space remains a tool for global influence and diplomacy,just as it was dur

48、ing the first SpaceRace in the 20th Century.Human spaceflight and space exploration demonstrate the powerand ingenuity of spacefaring nations.Activity in space is essential to the transmission of culture5 UN Sustainable Development Goals,available at sdgs.UNational Space Strategyand information and

49、can help provide disaster relief where conventional infrastructure is thin onthe ground or destroyed.The space sector is undergoing a rapid,transformative changeThe cost and complexity of acting in space has fallen dramatically.Miniaturisation,digitisation,reusability,regulatory reform,and increased

50、 private capital have reduced the barriers to space,allowing more countries and commercial players to enter a field once available only to a selectfew.New Space6 and the commercialisation of space presents a significant opportunity:theglobal space economy is projected to grow from an estimated 270 b