高一英语牛津译林版定语从句中学教育高考英语_中学教育-高中教育.pdf

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1、定语从句 一、基本概念 1定语从句：在一个主从复合句中修饰某一个名词、代词或修饰整个主句的从句叫定语从句。换句话说，定语从句就是用来作定语的句子。2先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。先行词前一般用 the，但在指“一个”概念时可用 a,an。3关系代词/关系副词：连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词，根据其在从句中作用分为关系代词或关系副词。若先行词在从句中作主语、宾语和定语等，应用关系代词引导定语从句；若先行词在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语等，应用关系副词引导定语从句。4定语从句的位置：一般紧跟在先行词后面。但有时因句子结构的需要，定语从句和先行词被某些成分隔开。5引导定语从句

2、的关系词分为二类：关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,as 关系副词：when,where,why 二、基本用法 1关系代词的基本用法（见下表）：关系代词 从句中作用 例句 who 指人 作主语 宾语（可省略）1This is the girl who/that teaches us English.(who/that 指人，修饰先行词 the girl，在从句中作主语)2He is the boy whom/who/that I met yesterday.(whom/who/that 指人，修饰先行词 the boy 在从句中作宾语，whom/who/that 可

3、省略。)whom 指人 作宾语（可省略）whose 指人、物 作定语 3This is the girl whose father is an engineer.（whose 作定语，用来修饰人）4I live in a room whose windows face the south.（whose 作定语，用来修饰物，whose windows=the windows of which 或 of which the windows）which 指物 作主语 宾语（可省略）6This is the book which/that I lost yesterday.(which/that 指物

4、，作宾语，可省略)7 The clock is an instrument which/that can tell time.（which/that 指物，作主语）8Do you know the woman that/who lives next door?(that/who 指人，作主语)that 指人、物 作主语 宾语（可省略）as 指物 作主语、宾语 可修饰整个主句 9This is the same pen as I bought yesterday.(as指物，在从句中作宾语)10As we all know,Taiwan is part of China.(as指代整个主句的内容

5、)2使用关系代词时应注意的几个问题：a.在以下几种情况下只使用 that 不用 which。1.先行词是不定代词时，如:all,anything,everything,nothing,something,little,few,much。1.I told him all(that)I know.2.He gave her everything(that)he had.2.先行词被 all,every,any,the very,the only,the just 等修饰时。1.I have read all the books(that)you gave me.2.You can take any

6、 book(that)you like.3.先行词被序数词和形容词的最高级修饰时。1.This is the best book(that)I have ever read.2.The second place(that)I want to visit is Shanghai.4.先行词既有人又有物时。1.We talked about the persons and things(that)we remember in the school.2.The people and the animals that were killed in the earthquake have all bee

7、n found.5.在 Who,Which 引起的疑问句中。1.Who is the boy that helped you?2.Which is the book(that)you bought yesterday?6.若有两个定语从句，一个用 which 引导，另一个须用 that 引导。He bought a book which could give him knowledge and that could help to kill the time.7.当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。Mary is no longer the girl(that)she used to be.b.在以

8、下几种情况下只使用 which 不用 that。1.引导非限制性定语从句时。I have lost my pen,which I like very much.(which 作宾语，指代主句中的 pen)New concept English is intended for foreign students,which is known to all of us.(which 作主语，指代整个主句)2.若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是 which，另一个须用 that。The book(that)he bought yesterday was the one(which)he liked

9、best.3.先行词在句中作介词宾语且介词前置时。This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.c.当先行词为指人的关系代词时,引导词只用 who 不用 that。1.先行词为 all,anyone,one/ones,those,people 时，须用 who。1.Anyone who knows how to do it can do it now.2.Those who want to see the film please put up your hands.3.He,who does not reach the Great Wall,is n

10、ot a true man.2.在非限制性定语从句中，须用 who。Tom s father,who is over sixty,still works hard.3.在被分隔的定语从句中，须用 who。A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.4.在以 there be 开头的句子中，多用 who。There is a stranger who wants to see our headmaster.5.若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是 that，另一个须用 who。The student who was pra

11、ised at the meeting is the monitor that studies very hard.说定语从句就是用来作定语的句子先行词被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词前一般用但在指一个概念时可用关系代词关系副词连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词根据其在从句中作用分为关系代词或关系副词若先行词在关系副词引导定语从句定语从句的位置一般紧跟在先行词后面但有时因句子结构的需要定语从句和先行词被某些成分隔开引导定语从句的关系词分为二类关系代词二基本用法关系副词关系代词的基本用法见下表关系代词从句中作用语宾语可修饰整个主句例句指人修饰先行词在从句中作主语指人修饰先行词在从句中作宾语

12、可省略作定语用来修饰人作定语用来修饰物或指物作宾语可省略指物作主语指人作主语指物在从句中作宾语指代整个主句的内容使用关系代d.as和 which 的使用场合。as which 引导的非限制性定语从句 可放在句首或句中 不能放在句首 修饰“积极的”方面 修饰“消极的”方面 在句中含义 意为“正如”、“就像”无此意 常用的搭配 常和 such，so，the same 等连用 无此用法“+be+过去分词”结构“be”可以省略“be”不能省略 表示状态的动词 as is said above,as already mentioned above as is often the case as it i

13、s as is known to all 无此用法 都能引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个句子的内容 如：As we all know,he studies very hard.比较：He studies very hard,as/which we all know.I ve never seen such a clever man as he is.He has to work on Sundays,which he doesn t like.He was late,which made the teacher angry.The bridge is really wonderful,as(is

14、)shown in the picture.The experiment is very important,as indeed it is.e.the sameas 和 the same that 的不同。This is the same book as I lent you yesterday.这本书和我昨天借给你的相似。（相似物）This is the same book that I lent you yesterday.这正是我昨天借给你的那本书。（同一物）【小试牛刀】I用关系代词 who,whom,that,which,whose,as 填空。1.The earthquake _s

15、hook the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2.We dont know the number of people _lost their homes in the earthquake.3.The house _they built in 1937 is still in very good condition.4.The house _is built on sand may fall down in an earthquake.5.The boy _ father is a teacher is very cleve

16、r.6.A clock is a machine _tells people the time.7.Our village is no longer the one _ it used to be.8.The house _ he is looking for is very expensive.9.Do you know the man _ houses are all broken?10._ is known to all,the moon travels round the earth once very month.【答案】1.that/which 2.who/that 3.that/

17、which/不填 4.that/which 5.whose 6.that/which 7.that/不填 8.that/which/不填 9.whose 10.As 说定语从句就是用来作定语的句子先行词被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词前一般用但在指一个概念时可用关系代词关系副词连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词根据其在从句中作用分为关系代词或关系副词若先行词在关系副词引导定语从句定语从句的位置一般紧跟在先行词后面但有时因句子结构的需要定语从句和先行词被某些成分隔开引导定语从句的关系词分为二类关系代词二基本用法关系副词关系代词的基本用法见下表关系代词从句中作用语宾语可修饰整个主句例句指人修

18、饰先行词在从句中作主语指人修饰先行词在从句中作宾语可省略作定语用来修饰人作定语用来修饰物或指物作宾语可省略指物作主语指人作主语指物在从句中作宾语指代整个主句的内容使用关系代 II 把下面各组句子合并成含有定语从句的复合句。1.The girl is not here.She is going to sing a song.2.The school is a big one.The school stands near the river.3.The girl works very hard.Her father is a doctor.4.My uncle bought the bike la

19、st week.The bike has been stolen.5The pen is very old.I lent it to you this morning.III 翻译下面句子 1刚才作演讲的那个教授已经走了。_ 2你认识那个母亲是老师的女孩吗?_ 3鸟是一种能飞的动物。_ 4我上周买的那支钢笔很便宜。_ 5门朝北开的那间房子已经被卖了。_ 【答案】1.The professor that/who made the speech just now has left.2.Do you know the girl whose mother is a teacher?3.A bird i

20、s an animal which/that can fly.4.The pen(that/which)I bought last week is very cheap.5.The room whose door faces north has been sold.说定语从句就是用来作定语的句子先行词被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词前一般用但在指一个概念时可用关系代词关系副词连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词根据其在从句中作用分为关系代词或关系副词若先行词在关系副词引导定语从句定语从句的位置一般紧跟在先行词后面但有时因句子结构的需要定语从句和先行词被某些成分隔开引导定语从句的关系词分为二

21、类关系代词二基本用法关系副词关系代词的基本用法见下表关系代词从句中作用语宾语可修饰整个主句例句指人修饰先行词在从句中作主语指人修饰先行词在从句中作宾语可省略作定语用来修饰人作定语用来修饰物或指物作宾语可省略指物作主语指人作主语指物在从句中作宾语指代整个主句的内容使用关系代3关系副词的基本用法 关系副词 从句中作用 例句 when 作时间状语 I remember the days when I stayed there.where 作地点状语 This is the room where I lost my pen.why 作原因状语 This is the reason why he was

22、 late.思考：同样是表示地点的先行词，为何有时候用关系代词 that,which，有时候用关系副词where？同样是表示时间的先行词，为何有时候用关系代词 that,which，有时候用关系副词when？请对比以下几组句子：I have found the factory that/which he visited last week.I have found the factory where he stayed last week.The days that/which I spent there are unforgettable.The days when I stayed the

23、re are unforgettable.The reason that/which he told me for his being late is that he got up late.The reason why he was late is that he got up late.说明:当引导词在定语从句中作主语,宾语或表语时,尽管先行词是时间名词,地点名词或表示原因的名词,我们仍然使用关系代词 that,which。这主要根据从句中的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的。注意：1 当用作关系副词，若修饰表示的名词 time，day，moment，way 时，用 that 代替 when/w

24、hy等。如：It happened on the day that/when I was born.I don t like the way(that/in which)you speak to your mother.4由介词+which/whom 引导的定语从句 介词一般由定语从句的动词而定。He is the boy whom/who/that we are talking about=He is the boy about whom we are talking.The pen which/that I wrote the article with is gone.=The pen w

25、ith which I wrote the article.几种特殊的情况：a.由 when,where,why 引导的定语从句常常可以替换成“介词+which/whom 的形式”：when=in/on/at which,where=in/on/at+which,why=for which b.whose+n.=the+n.+of whom/which=of whom/which+the+n.如：whose father=the father of whom=of whom the father whose window=the window of which=of which the win

26、dow c.由介词短语+whom/which 引起的定语从句 This is our classroom,in front of which there is a garden.The building at the back of which is a lake is our chemistry lab building.He lives on a mountain on top of which there is a temple.说定语从句就是用来作定语的句子先行词被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词前一般用但在指一个概念时可用关系代词关系副词连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词根据其在

27、从句中作用分为关系代词或关系副词若先行词在关系副词引导定语从句定语从句的位置一般紧跟在先行词后面但有时因句子结构的需要定语从句和先行词被某些成分隔开引导定语从句的关系词分为二类关系代词二基本用法关系副词关系代词的基本用法见下表关系代词从句中作用语宾语可修饰整个主句例句指人修饰先行词在从句中作主语指人修饰先行词在从句中作宾语可省略作定语用来修饰人作定语用来修饰物或指物作宾语可省略指物作主语指人作主语指物在从句中作宾语指代整个主句的内容使用关系代d.数词/代词+介词+which/whom 引起的定语从句 I have some books,one of which is in English.Sh

28、e has many friends,all of whom are in the same class.(比较：She has many friends.All of them are in the same class.)但有些短语动词中的介词不能提前，因为其短语拆开后完全改变了原来的意思。This is the book that/which Im looking for There are many patients that the nurses look after.5what 在其引导的从句中作定语 What 在它所引导的主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句中作主语、宾语或表语外，还可作

29、定语。如：Don t worry.I will give you what help I can.别担心，我会近我所能帮你。=any help that 或 as much help as What 在从句中作定语时，还可于 few，little 连用修饰名词，表示“尽管不多，但已经全部”。如：I will lend you what few books I can spare.我愿把为数不多的书全部借给你。=all the few books that We contributed what little money we had towards the flood-stricken are

30、a.=all the little money that【小试牛刀】IV用关系副词 when,where,why填空 1.Do you still remember the place _ you were born?2.I dont remember the date _ _ my father were born.3.Yesterday we went to visit the house _ the great writer used to live.4.Do you know the reason _ he killed himself?5.He was born in the yea

31、r _ the Second World War broke out.6.He always wants to go to his hometown and visited the place _ he grew up.7.Kunming is a beautiful city _ flowers are seen all the year round.8.The children today are lucky as they are living in a time _ our country is open to the outside world.9.Please tell me th

32、e reason _ he is angry.10.This kind of programme will be well received in the countries _ many Chinese are living.【答案】1.where 2.when 3.where 4.why 5.when 6.where 7.where 8.when 9.why 10.where V翻译下面句子 1我已经找到了我朋友居住的那间房子了。2你记得你妈妈出生的日期吗？3请告诉我你买到那块手表的地方。说定语从句就是用来作定语的句子先行词被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词前一般用但在指一个概念时可

33、用关系代词关系副词连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词根据其在从句中作用分为关系代词或关系副词若先行词在关系副词引导定语从句定语从句的位置一般紧跟在先行词后面但有时因句子结构的需要定语从句和先行词被某些成分隔开引导定语从句的关系词分为二类关系代词二基本用法关系副词关系代词的基本用法见下表关系代词从句中作用语宾语可修饰整个主句例句指人修饰先行词在从句中作主语指人修饰先行词在从句中作宾语可省略作定语用来修饰人作定语用来修饰物或指物作宾语可省略指物作主语指人作主语指物在从句中作宾语指代整个主句的内容使用关系代4我不喜欢他的原因是他太笨了。5上海是个大城市，在那里你可以见到许多外国人。【答案】1.I ha

34、ve found the room where my friends once lived.2.Do you still remember the date when your mother was born?3.Please tell me the place where you bought the watch.4.The reason why I don t like him is that he is too stupid.5.Shanghai is a big city,where you can see many foreigners.VI用恰当的关系词填空 1.The first

35、 lesson _ the old professor taught was not easily forgotten.2.Mr.White told his wife the persons and things _ he saw in China.3.Who is the girl _ shook hands with our headmaster?4.The report _ they are listening to is very important.5.Do you know the reason _ _ he didnt come to school last week?6.Di

36、d you understand the last report _ was made by the foreigner?7.Would you please lend me the same book _ he has borrowed?8.Please tell us the days _ we are going to have our exams.9.The factory _ makes bikes was built in 1930.10.He told me everything _ he had seen in the accident.11.The camp was full

37、 of people _ homes had been destroyed.12.Tom is the student with _ I want to have a talk.13.Do you remember the village _ we worked last summer?14.Do you remember the village _ we visited last summer?15.Do you remember the days _ we spent together last summer?【答案】1.(that)2.(that)3.that 4.(that/which

38、)5.why 6.which/that 7.as 8.when 9.which/that 10.(that)11.whose 12.whom 13.where 14.(that/which)15.(that/which)【强化练习】I.不定项选择 1.The old lady _is his grandmother.A.you talked B.that you talked about C.you talked to her D.you talked to 2.A man _Jack went to Qingdao for a holiday yesterday.A.whos name is

39、 B.who his name is C.whose name is D.his name is 3.He lives in a room _door is broken.A.whose B.which C.its D.that 4.We visited the factory _makes toys for children.A.where B.which C.in which D.that 5.The film _last night was wonderful.A.which we saw B.that we saw C.which was shown D.that was shown

40、说定语从句就是用来作定语的句子先行词被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词前一般用但在指一个概念时可用关系代词关系副词连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词根据其在从句中作用分为关系代词或关系副词若先行词在关系副词引导定语从句定语从句的位置一般紧跟在先行词后面但有时因句子结构的需要定语从句和先行词被某些成分隔开引导定语从句的关系词分为二类关系代词二基本用法关系副词关系代词的基本用法见下表关系代词从句中作用语宾语可修饰整个主句例句指人修饰先行词在从句中作主语指人修饰先行词在从句中作宾语可省略作定语用来修饰人作定语用来修饰物或指物作宾语可省略指物作主语指人作主语指物在从句中作宾语指代整个主句的内容使用

41、关系代6.Ill never forget the place _I visited ten years ago.A.where B.that C.in which D.what 7.Sep.18,1995 is a day _well never forget.A.when B.in which C.that D.for which 8.The girl _ you met just now is very interesting.A.which B.that C.whom D.who 9.The factory _you visited yesterday was built in 193

42、0.A.who B.which C.that D.whom 10.There is a mountain _top is always covered with snow.A.of which B.whose C.its D.its 11.The car ran over a boy and a dog _were just crossing the street.A.who B.whom C.that D.which 12.The lessons _were not easily forgotten.A.which he taught B.which were taught C.that w

43、ere taught D.that he taught 13.The student _is a three-good student.A.whose parents died B.who you met C.whom you met D.who we were talking about 14.I want to go and thank the woman _helped me.A.who B.that C.which D.whose son 15.The man _was a friend of mine.A.that you just talked to B.whom you just

44、 talked to him C.who you just talked to him D.which you just talked to him【答案】1.BD 2.C 3.A 4.BD 5.ABCD 6.B 7.C 8.BCD 9.BC 10.B 11.C 12.ABCD 13.ABCD 14.ABD 15.A V各地模拟题汇编 1.This is Mr.White,_ I think has something interesting to tell you.(海淀 4 月卷)A.which B.whom C.that D.who 2.Sales of CDs have greatly

45、 increased since the early 1990s,_ people began to enjoy the advantages of this technology.(东城 5 月卷)A.and B.when C.which D.because 3.I d like to live somewhere _ the sun shines all year long.(西城 5 月卷)A.which B.that C.where D.in which 4.In Wasdale there is a mysterious dark lake,_ depth has never bee

46、n measured.A.that B.where C.which D.whose (海淀 5 月卷)5.Is it the years _ you worked in the factory _ have a great effect on your literary works?(湖北八校一模卷)A.that;where B.that;that C.when;where D.when;that 6.He won t want to eat it unless he s really hungry,in _ case he ll eat almost anything.A.what B.th

47、at C.whose D.which (苏锡常镇一模卷)7.Government reports,legal papers and most business letters are the main situations _ English is used.(黄冈卷)A.when B.that C.how D.where 说定语从句就是用来作定语的句子先行词被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词前一般用但在指一个概念时可用关系代词关系副词连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词根据其在从句中作用分为关系代词或关系副词若先行词在关系副词引导定语从句定语从句的位置一般紧跟在先行词后面但有时因句子结构的

48、需要定语从句和先行词被某些成分隔开引导定语从句的关系词分为二类关系代词二基本用法关系副词关系代词的基本用法见下表关系代词从句中作用语宾语可修饰整个主句例句指人修饰先行词在从句中作主语指人修饰先行词在从句中作宾语可省略作定语用来修饰人作定语用来修饰物或指物作宾语可省略指物作主语指人作主语指物在从句中作宾语指代整个主句的内容使用关系代8.Europe has achieved more in controlling the AIDS virus than Asia in the past ten years,_ the number of people infected with the viru

49、s is going up sharply.(南京二模卷)A.when B.that C.so that D.where 9.The soldiers soon reached _ was once an old temple _ the villages used as a school.(汕头卷)A.which;where B.what;which C.where;which D.what;where 10.This is an unpleasant subject _ we might argue for a long while.(广州二模卷)A.in which B.with the

50、m C.about which D.with it 11.After all,with the help of my computer brain _ never forgets anything,IQ is _ I m all about.(湖北宜昌三模卷)A.that;what B.what;what C.what;that D.that;where 12.It was the third night _ we were staying in our seaside but _ the tsunami(海啸)struck the whole village.(苏锡常镇二模卷)A.when;