出师表原文及翻译中学教育中学_中学教育-中学课件.pdf

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1、出师表原文及翻译 出师表原文：先帝创业未半而中道崩殂（c U）今天下三分，益州疲（pi）弊，此 诚危急存亡之秋也。然侍卫之臣不懈于内，忠志之士忘身于外者，盖 追先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛下也。诚宜开张圣听，以光先帝遗德，恢弘 志士之气，不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义，以塞（s e）忠谏之路也。宫中府中，俱为一体；陟（zh 1）罚臧（z eng）否（pi）不宜异同；若有作奸犯科及为忠善者，宜付有司论其刑赏，以昭陛下平明之理；不 宜偏私，使内外异法也。侍中、侍郎郭攸（y）之、费祎（y i）董允等，此皆良实，志虑 忠纯，是以先帝简拔以遗（we）陛下。愚以为宫中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必能裨（b 1）

2、补阙漏，有所广益。将军向宠，性行淑均，晓畅军事，试用于昔日，先帝称之曰能，是 以众议举宠为督。愚以为营中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，必能使行（h dng）阵和睦，优劣得所。亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉所以兴隆也；亲小人，远贤臣，此后汉所 以倾颓也。先帝在时，每与臣论此事，未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也。侍 中、尚书、长（zh mg）史、参军，此悉贞良死节之臣，愿陛下亲之信之，则汉室之隆，可计日而待也。臣本布衣，躬耕于南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。先帝 不以臣卑鄙，猥（w百）自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，咨臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝以驱驰。后值倾覆，受任于败军之际，奉命于危难 之间，尔来二十有一年矣

3、。先帝知臣谨慎，故临崩寄臣以大事也。受命以来，夙（s U）夜忧叹,恐托付不效，以伤先帝之明，故五月渡泸，深入不毛。今南方已定，兵 甲已足，当奖率三军，北定中原，庶（sh L）竭驽（nd）钝，攘（r dig）除奸凶，兴复汉室，还于旧都。此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。至 于斟酌损益，进尽忠言，则攸之、祎、允之任也。愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效，不效，则治臣之罪，以告先帝之灵。若无兴德之言，则责攸之、祎、允等之慢，以彰其咎（ji u）陛下亦宜 自谋，以咨诹（z）善道，察纳雅言，深追先帝遗诏。臣不胜受恩感 激。今当远离，临表涕零，不知所言。出师表翻译：Our late king passed away

4、before the great undertaking founded by him was half accomplicated.Now Chi na is divided into three kingdoms.Yizhou is drained of its manpowerand resources.This is a critical juncture of life or death for our country.Bearing the 于内忠志之士忘身于外者盖追先帝之殊遇欲报之于陛下也诚宜开张圣听以光先帝遗德恢弘志士之气不宜妄自菲薄引喻失义以塞忠谏之路也宫中府中俱为一体陟罚臧

5、否不宜异同若有作奸犯科及为忠善者宜付有司论其刑赏以昭陛下平明无大小悉以咨之然后施行必能裨补阙漏有所广益将军向宠性行淑均晓畅军事试用于昔日先帝称之曰能是以众议举宠为督愚以为营中之事事无大小悉以咨之必能使行阵和睦优劣得所亲贤臣远小人此先汉所以兴隆也亲小人远贤臣此后汉则汉室之隆可计日而待也臣本布衣躬耕于南阳苟全性命于乱世不求闻达于诸侯先帝不以臣卑鄙猥百自枉屈三顾臣于草庐之中咨臣以当世之事由是感激遂许先帝以驱驰后值倾覆受任于败军之际奉命于危难之间尔来二十有一年矣先帝知late ki ngs special fovor in hearts,hte officials at court who guard

6、 Your Majesty dare not slacke n in their vigila nee and the devoted officers and soldiers at the front are fighting bravely disregarding their personal safety.They are now repaying to Your Majesty what they have received form the late king.lt is advisable that Your Majesty should liste n exte nsivel

7、y to the coun sels of officals in order to carry on the late kings lofty virtues,and heighte n the morale of people with high aspirati on.lt is in judicious that Your Majesty should un duly humble yourself,a nd use metaphors with distorted meanin gs,lest you should block the way of sin cere adm on i

8、ti on.The imperial court and the Prime Mi nistes Office are an in tegral whole.There should be impartiality in meting out rewards and punishments to officals from either admi nistrati on.For both those whoare treacherous and violate the law and those who are loyal and do some good deed,the same lega

9、lly appo in ted officials should pass dicisio n on how to punish or reward.This will make plain the equality and sagacious ness of Your Majestys rule.There should be n either prejudice nor partiality in Your Majestys attitude towardes the officials in side and outside the court for fear that differe

10、 nt laws be put into practice.Shizh ong GouYo uzhi and Fei Wei as well as Shila ng Dond Yun 于内忠志之士忘身于外者盖追先帝之殊遇欲报之于陛下也诚宜开张圣听以光先帝遗德恢弘志士之气不宜妄自菲薄引喻失义以塞忠谏之路也宫中府中俱为一体陟罚臧否不宜异同若有作奸犯科及为忠善者宜付有司论其刑赏以昭陛下平明无大小悉以咨之然后施行必能裨补阙漏有所广益将军向宠性行淑均晓畅军事试用于昔日先帝称之曰能是以众议举宠为督愚以为营中之事事无大小悉以咨之必能使行阵和睦优劣得所亲贤臣远小人此先汉所以兴隆也亲小人远贤臣此后汉则汉室之隆可

11、计日而待也臣本布衣躬耕于南阳苟全性命于乱世不求闻达于诸侯先帝不以臣卑鄙猥百自枉屈三顾臣于草庐之中咨臣以当世之事由是感激遂许先帝以驱驰后值倾覆受任于败军之际奉命于危难之间尔来二十有一年矣先帝知are kind and hon est men with a stro nd sense of loyalty.The late king appo in ted them of your sake,a nd I respectfully opine that all political affairs at court,regardless of magnitude,be first subjicted

12、 to their in quiry before acti ons are take n.ln this way can errors be ame nded,n eglige nee avoided,a nd greater results atta ined.Gen eral Xia ng Chong is well versed in military affairs and is kind and just by n ature.After evaluati ing his performa nee of a trial basis,the late king priased his

13、 tale nt ability.That is why officials have elected him to be commander-in-ehief.I humbly suggest that military concerns,regardless of weight,be first met with his con siderati on.ln this way will there be harm ony among the troops,a nd men both capable and icapbale will each find his proper place i

14、n the camp.To be close to the virtuous and able officials and keep away from the vile and mea n pers on s.That was the reason that the Wwstern Han Dynasty was prosperous.To be close to the vile and mea n pers ons and keep away form the virtuous and able officials.That was the reason that the East Ha

15、n Dynasty was collapsed.Whe n the late ki ng was alive and talked with me about these historical less on s,he used to hame a sigh in edtestati on for Emperor Hun and Emeror Ling.Shizho ng,shila ng,zha ngshi and canjun are faithful,upright,and ready to lay down their lves for honor and fidelity.As yo

16、ur humble servant,l hope that Your Majesty will retain close ties to them and trust them.Then can the prosperity of the Han Dyn asty be soon 于内忠志之士忘身于外者盖追先帝之殊遇欲报之于陛下也诚宜开张圣听以光先帝遗德恢弘志士之气不宜妄自菲薄引喻失义以塞忠谏之路也宫中府中俱为一体陟罚臧否不宜异同若有作奸犯科及为忠善者宜付有司论其刑赏以昭陛下平明无大小悉以咨之然后施行必能裨补阙漏有所广益将军向宠性行淑均晓畅军事试用于昔日先帝称之曰能是以众议举宠为督愚以为营中之

17、事事无大小悉以咨之必能使行阵和睦优劣得所亲贤臣远小人此先汉所以兴隆也亲小人远贤臣此后汉则汉室之隆可计日而待也臣本布衣躬耕于南阳苟全性命于乱世不求闻达于诸侯先帝不以臣卑鄙猥百自枉屈三顾臣于草庐之中咨臣以当世之事由是感激遂许先帝以驱驰后值倾覆受任于败军之际奉命于危难之间尔来二十有一年矣先帝知realized.I was orig in ally a com moner who had to wear clothes made of hemp,a nd tilled land in Nanyang.l merely man aged to survive in times of turbule ne

18、e and had no inten ti on of seek ing fame and possition from princes.With and utter disregard of my low social status and meager fund of kno wlegde,the late king con desce nded to visit meat mythatched cottage three times to con suit meabout the curre nt eve nts of the countryfelt so grateful that I

19、 promitted to serve him.Soom afterwards since I received my assig nment at the time of the setback and was dispatched as an evvoy at the momentof crisis.The late king knew my prudence,and en trusted me on his death bed with the duty of assist ing Your Majesty in governing the country.Since then I ha

20、ve been worrying and sighi ng ni ght and day lest I should do harm to the late king s illustrious fame if I fail to be effective.I was thus umpelled to lead an army across the Lu River in May and went deep into the barren district.Now the whole south is under our rule and we have ple nty of fighters

21、 and armame nts.lt is time to reward our army menand lead them nothward to conquer the Central Plains.Although I aminferior in ability like a worn out horse or a blunt knife,I would do my utmost to root out treacherous evildoers,rejuvenate the Han Dyn asty,a nd move the capital back to the old cit y

22、.I owe this to the late ki ng and wish th dem on strate my loyalty to Your Majisty.As for gover nment affairs such as the augme ntati on or repeal of certain measures,or the broadening of the way to receive exhortati on s,they are the duties of Gou Yo uzhi,Fei Wei,a nd Dong Yun.I hope Your Majesty w

23、ould delegate to methe task of punishing the traitors and 于内忠志之士忘身于外者盖追先帝之殊遇欲报之于陛下也诚宜开张圣听以光先帝遗德恢弘志士之气不宜妄自菲薄引喻失义以塞忠谏之路也宫中府中俱为一体陟罚臧否不宜异同若有作奸犯科及为忠善者宜付有司论其刑赏以昭陛下平明无大小悉以咨之然后施行必能裨补阙漏有所广益将军向宠性行淑均晓畅军事试用于昔日先帝称之曰能是以众议举宠为督愚以为营中之事事无大小悉以咨之必能使行阵和睦优劣得所亲贤臣远小人此先汉所以兴隆也亲小人远贤臣此后汉则汉室之隆可计日而待也臣本布衣躬耕于南阳苟全性命于乱世不求闻达于诸侯先帝不以臣卑

24、鄙猥百自枉屈三顾臣于草庐之中咨臣以当世之事由是感激遂许先帝以驱驰后值倾覆受任于败军之际奉命于危难之间尔来二十有一年矣先帝知rejuve nati ng the Han Dyn asty,lf I should fail to achieve this,please punish me as to con sole the soul of the departed king.lf Youzhi,Wei,and Yun fail to gather exhortations for the fostering of virtues,they should be held responsible f

25、or their n eglige nee.Your Majesty should also make the most of your resources to solicit opinions on gover ning a coun triy,to judge judiciously and accept good advices,a nd always bear in mind the imperial edict issued by the late king prior th his death.I this can be achieved,you will have my ext

26、reme gratitude.I will be journeying far,a nd my eyes ar full of tears in writing this memorial upon mydeparture.I can hardly express wha else I should say.于内忠志之士忘身于外者盖追先帝之殊遇欲报之于陛下也诚宜开张圣听以光先帝遗德恢弘志士之气不宜妄自菲薄引喻失义以塞忠谏之路也宫中府中俱为一体陟罚臧否不宜异同若有作奸犯科及为忠善者宜付有司论其刑赏以昭陛下平明无大小悉以咨之然后施行必能裨补阙漏有所广益将军向宠性行淑均晓畅军事试用于昔日先帝称之曰能是以众议举宠为督愚以为营中之事事无大小悉以咨之必能使行阵和睦优劣得所亲贤臣远小人此先汉所以兴隆也亲小人远贤臣此后汉则汉室之隆可计日而待也臣本布衣躬耕于南阳苟全性命于乱世不求闻达于诸侯先帝不以臣卑鄙猥百自枉屈三顾臣于草庐之中咨臣以当世之事由是感激遂许先帝以驱驰后值倾覆受任于败军之际奉命于危难之间尔来二十有一年矣先帝知