名词性从句讲解及练习中学教育高考英语_中学教育-高考.pdf

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1、学习好资料 欢迎下载 名词性从句讲解 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面 1.考查名词性从句的语序问题 2.考查引导词 that 与 what 的区别 3.考查 it 在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法 4.考查 whether 与 if 的区别 5.考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever 引导的名词性从句与 no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别 6.考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题 语

2、法要点剖析 一、名词性从句 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。名词性从句成分的划分是根据句子在句中的位置划分的。任何一个句子一旦位于某个成分的位置上，它就成了相应的从句。试分析下列从句属于什么类型的名词性从句。1 Whether he will come or not is unknown.=It is unknown whether he will come or not.2 I dont know whether he will come or not.3 The question is whether he

3、 will come or not.4 The question whether he will come or not is not settled.引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that,whether,if（不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.（在从句中充当主语，宾语，表语，定语）连接副词：when,where,how,why（在从句中充当状语）1.主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词 that，whether，if 和连接代词 what，who，which，whatev

4、er，whoever 以及连接副词 how，when，where，why 等词引导。that 在句中无词义，只起连接作用,放在句首不能省略但当主语从句位于句尾时可以省略；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。主语从句中主句谓语用单数。例如：1That anyone becomes successful without the assistance of others is rare.=It is rare(that)anyone becomes successful without the assistance of others 2 Whethe

5、r it rains or shines makes no difference to proactive people.(不能用 if)3 It depends upon hard work more than luck whether(if)you can succeed in making your dream come true.4 Whoever wants to reach a distant goal must take many small steps.5 Whoever neglect learning in his youth loses the past and is d

6、ead for the future.年轻时忽视学业的人失去了过去，更葬送了未来。6 Whatever you love and trust in this world loves you in return.7 How a person masters his fate is more important than what his fate is.一个人如何掌握命运比他的命运本身更重要。8 Love is like wine,friendship a flower,and blood relationship water.Whether we can own love and friend

7、ship is all predestined.爱情是酒，友谊是花，亲情似水。酒醉酒醒，花开花落，皆因一个“缘”字 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语 it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。如例 1,2 常用句型如下：（1）It+be+名词+that 从句 （2）It+be+形容词+that 从句（3）It+be+动词的过去分词+that 从句 （4）It+不及物动词+that 从句 另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：It is necessa

8、ry(important,natural,strange,etc.)that It is a pity(a shame,no wonder,etc.)that It is suggested(requested,proposed,desired,e tc.)that 主语从句练习 一、单项填空 1._ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.A.What B.Who C.Whatever D.Whoever 2 _ fashion differs from country to country may

9、 reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.A.What B.That C.This D.Which 3 _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where 4 It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.A.that B.when C.what D.how 5 It worrie

10、d her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.A.while B.that C.if D.for 6 It is none of your business _ other people think about you.Believe yourself.A.how B.what C.which D.when 7.It has been proved _ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illness in later life.A.if B.because

11、C.when D.that 8._ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.A.Anyone B.The one C.Whoever D.Who 9._ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.A.It B.What C.As D.Which 10._ was most important to her,she told me,was her family.A.It B.This C.What D.As 11.some p

12、eople regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A.Whether B.What C.That D.How 12.It never occurred to me you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.A.which B.what C.that D.if 学习好资料 欢迎下载 13.It is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about,although about two thousand p

13、atients have taken it.A.that B.what C.how D.whether 14.It is obvious to the students they should get well prepared for their future.A.as B.which C.whether D.that 二、选择所给的词填空 1 _(what,that)you dont like him is none of my business.2 After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_(what,that)our astro

14、nauts desire to do is walk in space.3._(whatever,whoever,whichever,whomever)leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.4.The Foreign Minister said,“_(This is,There is,It is)our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”5._(whether,if)he will join us wont make too much difference.6._(wh

15、atever,whoever,whichever,whomever)of you comes in will receive a prize.7._(it,that)makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.8._(how,why)this happened is not clear to anyone.9._(wherever,whenever)you are is my home-my only home.10.It is certain _(that/whether)she will do well in

16、her exam.I.1-5ABBCB 6-10BDCBC 11-14BCBD II.1.That 2.what 3.Whoever 4.It is 5.Whether 6.Whichever 7.It 8.How 9.Wherever 10.that 2.宾语从句 名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1).由连接词 that 引导的宾语从句 由连接词 that 引导宾语从句时，that 在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的 that 不可省

17、。例如：Most people say that their main fault is a lack of self-discipline.We must never think(that)we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。注意：在 demand、order、suggest、decide、insist,desire,demand,request,command 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+动词原形”。例如：I insi

18、st that she(should)do her work alone.我坚持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops(should)set off at once.司令员命令部队马上出发。2).用 who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：You can choose to be excellent in whatever you do.Whenever I am struck

19、down,I will always inquire of myself how I can turn that adversity into good.每当我被击败时，我总是问我自己如何可以变逆境为顺境。I want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告诉了你什么。When you are in trouble,you will find out who your real friends are.She will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。3).用 whether或

20、if 引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序 Attitude determines whether(if)people are successful and able to enjoy life.此外，whether与 if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用 whether，不用 if：a.引导主语从句并在句首时；b.引导表语从句时；c.引导从句作介词宾语时；d.从句后有“or not”时；e.后接动词不定式时。例如：Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.月球上有没有生命是

21、个有趣的问题。Everything depends on whether we have enough money.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。4).注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用 不同时态。例如：I know he studies English every day.（从句用一般现在时）I know he studied English last term.（从句用一般过去时）I know(that)he will study English next year.（从句用一般将来时）I know he has studied English si

22、nce 1998.（从句用现在完成时）当主句动词是过去时态（could,would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 5.)think,believe,imagine,suppose 等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We dont think you are here.我们认为你不在这。I dont believe

23、 he will do so.我相信他不会这样做。1、We cannot figure out _ quite a number of insects,birds,and animals are dying out.A.that B.as C.why D.when 2、I think Father would like to know _ Ive been up to so far,so I decide to send him a q uick note.A.which B.why C.what D.how 3、A modern city has been set up in _ was a

24、 wasteland ten years ago.A.what B.which C.that D.where 4、The road is covered with snow.I cant understand _ they insist on going by motorbike.A.why B.Whether C.when D.how 5、Do you know _ your parents are pleased _ youve done?A.why;for what B.how;with what C.that;with which D.how;for what 6、We dont kn

25、ow _.A.this is whose dictionary B.whose dictionary is this C.whose dictionary this is D.whose is this dictionary 7、Can you tell me _ get to the railway station?A.how can I B.what I can C.how I can D.where I can 8、He was never satisfied with or proud of _ he had achieved.A.what B.that C.which D.all w

26、hich 式主语代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首而把主语从句置于句末主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式如例常用句型如下名词从句形容词从句动词的过去分词从句不及物动词从句另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇相名词性从句讲解阶段的一个重要语法项目在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到并且每年的命题各有变化分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面考查名词性从句的语序问题考查引导词与的区别考查在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾从句的虚拟语气问题语法要点剖析一名词性从句主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句在整个句子中所起的作用相当于一个名词因此这四种从句通称为名词性从句名词性从句成分的划分是根据句子在句中的位置划

27、分的任何一个句子学习好资料 欢迎下载 9、It is generally considered unwise to give a child_ he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.wherever 10、He wanted to make sure _.A.how we went there by bus B.where did we go C.what did we go there D.when we went there 11、He was lucky enough to sell his car for exactly

28、_.A.where he had paid for it B.what he had paid for it C.what he was paid for it D.which he had paid for it 12、He asked me _ with me.Awhat the matter is Bwhat the matter was Cwhats the matter Dwhat was the matter 13、The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer.Warm sunshine and soft sands m

29、ake _ it is.A.what B.which C.how D.where 14、I wondered _.A.what does he think of the result B.what he thinks of the problem C.how he dealt with the problem D.how did he like the result 15、With his camera，he kept taking pictures he did and saw A.where B.that C.of which D.of what 1、C。2、C.3、A。4、A。5、B 6

30、、C 7、C 8、A 9、B 10、D 11、B 12、D 13、A 14、C 15、D 3.表语从句 在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用 as if 引导。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+从句。例如：The only certainty is that nothing is certain.The miracle is that the more we share,the more we have.We are what we believe we are.(我们就是我们自己相信的那种人)Need and strugg

31、le are what excite and inspire us.需求和奋斗令我们幸福，并使我们受到激励。Yesterday is history.Tomorrow is a mystery.Today is a gift.-that is why its called“the present”.It looks as if it is going to rain.需要注意的，当主语是 reason 时，表语从句要用 that 引导而不是 because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one min

32、ute this morning 表语从句 1.The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week.A.that B.if C.when D.whether 2The reason why he failed is _he was too careless.A.because B.that C.for D.because of 3.Go and get your coat.It s _you left it A.where B.there C.there where D.where there 4The problem is _to

33、 take the place of Ted A.who can we get B.what we can get C.who we can get D.that we can get 5.What I want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us.A.that B.if C.whether D.不填 6.The reason is_I missed the bus.A.that B.when C.why D.what 7.That is _ _ we were late last time.A.that B.when C.why D.what

34、 8.She looked _ she were ten years younger.A.that B.like C.as D.as though 9.I fell sick!-I think it is _ you are doing too much.A.why B.when C.what D.because 10.The reason why he hasnt come is _.A.because his mother is ill B.because of his mothers being ill C.that his mother is ill D.for his mother

35、is ill 11.He was born here.-That is _ he likes the place so much.A.that B.what C.why D.how 12.That is _ Lu Xun once lived.A.what B.where C.that D.why that/what 的区别 1_your father wants to know is_ getting on with your studies.A.What;how are you B.That；how you are C.How；that you are D.What；how you are

36、 2.The trouble is_we are short of tools.A.what B.that C.how D.why that 3.America was _was first called“India”by Columbus.A.what B.where C.the place D.there where 4.China is becoming stronger and stronger.It is no longer_.A.what it used to be B.what it was used to being C.what it used to being D.what

37、 it was used to be 5._he really means is _he disagrees with us.A.What that B.That what C.What what D.That what 6.The energy is _ makes the cells able to do their work.A.that B.which C.what D.such 高考练习 1 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that_ you had a few days off？（NMET1999）A.why B.wh

38、at C.when D.where 式主语代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首而把主语从句置于句末主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式如例常用句型如下名词从句形容词从句动词的过去分词从句不及物动词从句另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇相名词性从句讲解阶段的一个重要语法项目在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到并且每年的命题各有变化分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面考查名词性从句的语序问题考查引导词与的区别考查在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾从句的虚拟语气问题语法要点剖析一名词性从句主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句在整个句子中所起的作用相当于一个名词因此这四种从句通称为名词性从句名词性从句成分的划

39、分是根据句子在句中的位置划分的任何一个句子学习好资料 欢迎下载 2.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella _I got wet through.（1998 上海）A.Its the reason B.Thats why C.Theres why D.Its how 3.See the flags on top of the building?That was _ we did this morning.（06 全国）A.when B.which C.where D.what 4.-Are you still thinking about yester

40、days game?(2003北京春)-Oh,thats _.A.what makes me feel excited B.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited 5.What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.（2004湖北）A.the way B.in the way that C.in the way D.the way which 答案 DBACCACDDCCB that/what 的区别 DBAAAC 高考练习

41、 ABDAA 4.同位语从句 同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由 that 引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有 advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word 等。例如：I have no idea what is despair.I have a dream that one day the rough place will be made plain.同位语从句和定语从句的

42、区别：that 作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that 引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句:I had no idea that you were here （that 引导同位语从句，不能省略）Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that 引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）2012高考真题题组练习 名词性从句 1.（课标全国 I，24）Its by no means clear _

43、the president can do to end the strike.A.how B.which C.that D.what 2.（天津，9）It doesnt matter _ you turn right or left at the crossingboth roads lead to the park.A.whether B.how C.if D.when 3.（山东，25）It doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in the store.A.how B.whether C.what D.why 4.（陕西，20）As

44、 many as five courses are provided,and you are free to choose _ suits you best.A.whatever B.whichever C.whenever D.wherever 5.（安徽，27）The limits of a persons intelligence,generally speaking,are fixed at birth,but_ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.A.where B.whether C.that D.why 6

45、.（福建，35）We promise_ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.A.who B.whom C.whoever D.whomever 7.（辽宁，34）The newcomer went to the library the other day and search for_ he could find about Mark Twain.A.wherever B.however C.whatever D.whichever 8.（浙江，4）I made a promise to my

46、self _ this year,the first year in high school,would be different.A.whether B.what C.that D.how 9.（四川，17）Scientists study _ human brains work to make computer.A.when B.how C.what D.whether 10.（重庆，34）Evidence has been found through years of study _ childrens early sleeping problems are likely to cont

47、inue when they grow up.A.why B.how C.whether D.that 11.（上海，34）There is much truth in the idea_ kindness is usually served by frankness.A.why B.which C.that D.whether 12.（上海，38）-Weve only got this small bookcase.Will that do?-No,_ Im looking for is something much bigger and stronger.A.who B.that C.wh

48、at D.which Keys:1-5DABBB 6-10CCCBD 11-12CC 我的问题 式主语代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首而把主语从句置于句末主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式如例常用句型如下名词从句形容词从句动词的过去分词从句不及物动词从句另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇相名词性从句讲解阶段的一个重要语法项目在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到并且每年的命题各有变化分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面考查名词性从句的语序问题考查引导词与的区别考查在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾从句的虚拟语气问题语法要点剖析一名词性从句主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句在整个句子中所起的作用相当于一个名词因此这四种从句通称为名词性从句名词性从句成分的划分是根据句子在句中的位置划分的任何一个句子