高一闸北补习班暑期英语资料定语从句中学教育高考英语_中学教育-试题.pdf

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1、高一英语暑期班 定语从句 一、概念 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子。如 Harry Porter is a smart boy.(形容词作定语)Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.句子作定语，修饰 boy，叫做定语从句。如 Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.限制性定语从句：对所修饰词的意思进行限定 非限制性定语从句：对所修饰的名词没有限制意义的作用，而是只补充一点点的情况，一般和主句用逗号隔开。如 The old man has a son who is a doctor.这个老人有一个当医生的儿

2、子。The old man has a son,who is a doctor.这个老人有个儿子，他是当医生的。The man who stole your car has been arrested.This is the film which/that created a great sensation.Ive invited Diana,who lives in the next flat.My daughter,who is in Boston now,is coming home next week.二、用法 关系代词 1.代人：who,whom,whose,that 2.代物：wh

3、ich,that,whose 3.代句子：which,as These are the students who/that won the first place last year.These are the trees which/that were planted last year.练习：指出关系代词(副词)在定语从句中的成分 The man who came to our school is Mr.Wang.The girl(whom)I met is Lucy.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.I like the book(

4、which)you bought yesterday.He said that he had never seen her before,which was not true.The buses,most of which were already full,were surrounded by an angry crowd.Everyone that knows him likes him.As we all know,Tom is a famous artist.I never heard such stories as he tells.关系副词 When=on(in,during)wh

5、ich 主语 宾语 定语 代人 Who/that Whom/who/that Whose(of whom)代物 Which/that Which/that Whose(of which)代人和物 that that whose 代事 Which/as Which/as Where=on(in,in front of)which Why=for which 1994 was the year when he was born.There are times when such things are necessary.Thats the hotel where we were staying l

6、ast summer.She didnt tell me the reason why she refused the offer.练习：Rewrite the following sentences,using the attributive clause.1.The company where he worked two years ago has moved to Beijing.The company _ _ he worked two years ago has moved to Beijing.2.I really don t know the reason why Li Hua

7、did not come to school.I really don t know the reason _ _ Li Hua did not come to school.3.Do you still remember the day when we went to the beach?Do you still remember the day _ _ we went to the beach?4.The teacher I have learned a lot from comes from Pudong,Shanghai.The teacher _ _ I ve learned a l

8、ot comes from Pudong,Shanghai.5.He lives in the room of which the window faces south.He lives in the room,the window _ _ faces south.如何选用关系词 首先分清主句和定语从句 确定定语从句的先行词 把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分(主语，宾语，定语或状语)若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词，若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词。1.who,whom,whose,that用法区别 who 作定语从句的主语（宾语）The man wh

9、o is speaking at the meeting is a worker.分解：The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting whom 作定语从句的宾语 The woman(whom)they wanted to visit is a teacher.分解：The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.that 可以作定语从句的主语和宾语 The man who/that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.The wo

10、man(whom/that)they wanted to visit is a teacher.whose 作定语从句的定语 I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解：I know the girl.The girls mother is a te acher.2.which,that 的用法 Which,that 作定语从句的主语或宾语.This is a truck which/that is made in China.I like the book(which/that)you bought yesterday.3.只能用 that 的情

11、况 序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时 Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known.如限制性定语从句对所修饰词的意思进行限定非限制性定语从句对所修饰的名词没有限制意义的作用而是只补充一点点的情况一般和主句用逗号隔开如这个老人有一个当医生的儿子这个老人有个儿子他是当医生的二用法关系代词代选用关系词首先分清主句和定语从句确定定语从句的先行词把先行词带回到定语从句中去看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分主语宾语定语或状语若先行词在从句中做主语宾语或定语则选择关系代词若在从句中做状语则选择关系副词的用法作定语从句的主语或宾语只能用的情况序数词或形容词最高级修

12、饰先行词时先行词被等修饰时等不定代词作先行词时先行词被修饰时主句已有或时当先行词同时指人和物时只能用不能用代替的情况非限制性定语从句中的不能This is the first play that I have seen since I came here.先行词被 every,some,no,all,any,little,much 等修饰时。Ive read all the books that you lend me.everything,something,nothing,anything,few,little,all,much,none,the one等不定代词作先行词时 Everyth

13、ing that we saw in this film was true.先行词被 the only,the very,the same,the last 修饰时。This is the very book that belongs to him.主句已有 who 或 which 时 Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?Which is the machine that we used last Sunday.当先行词同时指人和物时 Ive never heard of the people and things that you

14、talked about just now.4.只能用 which 不能用 that 代替的情况：非限制性定语从句中的 which 不能用 that 代替：The 8:30 train,which is usually very punctual,was late today.介词+which 的搭配中的 which 不可以换成 that I picked up the peaches,some of which were badly bruised.5.引导词 as 的用法 当代替事时 as 和 which 的区别：as 引导的定语从句可以位于句首、句中、句尾，as 译为“正像一样”；whi

15、ch 引导的定语从句一般多放于句尾，不放在句首，which 本身没有意思。As is known to all,he is the best student in our class.He opposed the idea,as could be expected.Taiwan is,as you know,an inseparable part of China.They rely on themselves,which is much better.He has to work on Sundays,which made me very angry.the same as引导定语从句，前后

16、两者相似；the same that引导定语从句，前后为同一物。This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.such as中 as 引导的为定语从句，后面的句子为不完整，缺少主语或宾语；such that中 that 引导的为状语从句，that 后面的从句应为完整的句子，译为“如此以至于”。They talked in such simple English as children could understand.They talked in such simple E

17、nglish that children could understand it.I will provide you with such things as you may need.He shut the window with such a force that the glass broke.6.关系代词前有介词时(介词提前)，指人只用 whom，指物只用 which,whose(前也可以加介词)This is the boy with whom he talked.This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.Tom is an a

18、ble man,with whose help we finished the task ahead of time.7.when：先行词是 time,day,occasion 等表示时间的名词；where：先行词是 place,room 等表示地点的名词，或 case,point,situation,stage,state,field 等有地点含义的抽象名词；why：先行词只有 reason，但 reason 后未必为 why。Do you know the year when the Declaration of Independence was published?You have re

19、ached the point where a change is needed.如限制性定语从句对所修饰词的意思进行限定非限制性定语从句对所修饰的名词没有限制意义的作用而是只补充一点点的情况一般和主句用逗号隔开如这个老人有一个当医生的儿子这个老人有个儿子他是当医生的二用法关系代词代选用关系词首先分清主句和定语从句确定定语从句的先行词把先行词带回到定语从句中去看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分主语宾语定语或状语若先行词在从句中做主语宾语或定语则选择关系代词若在从句中做状语则选择关系副词的用法作定语从句的主语或宾语只能用的情况序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时先行词被等修饰时等不定代词作先行词时先行词

20、被修饰时主句已有或时当先行词同时指人和物时只能用不能用代替的情况非限制性定语从句中的不能We are in a position where we may lose a large sum of money.Can you tell me the reason why you are so unhappy?I know the reason why he did so.(that he explained at the meeting.)8.one of the students who are the(only)one of students who is 9.the way+/that i

21、n which I dont lik e the way _ you laugh at her.A.that B.on which C.which D.as I like the way _ he talks and laughs.A.which B.when C.in which D.for which 10.where 引导定语从句一般表示地点，有时候可以表示处境、情况等。That is the village where we were staying last summer.I think you ve got to the point _ a change is needed,oth

22、erwise youll fail.A.when B.that C.where D.which 11.all that=what Later I want to return home but couldnt find a company _ I could use _ I had learnt.A.where;that B.where;what C.when;what D.that;that These wild flowers are so special I would do _ I _ them.A.what；can save B.all what；can to save C.what

23、；can to save D.everything；can save 12.在强调句型中经常会出现定语从句，要注意区分 It was in the very house _ was built with stones _ he spent his childhood.A.that;that B.that;where C.which;that D.which;where It is the young man _ looked for _ caught the murderer.A.that;who B.that;they C.they;that D.they;which 13.注意定语从句和同

24、位语从句的区别 The reason _ he didnt succeed is _ he is lazy.A.that;that B.which;which C.why;that D.why;because The reason _ he gave me was not reasonable.A.that B.why C.for D.for which 14.有时候定语从句和先行词分开 Little has been done _ is helpful to our work.A.what B.which C.that D.all that 如限制性定语从句对所修饰词的意思进行限定非限制性定语从句对所修饰的名词没有限制意义的作用而是只补充一点点的情况一般和主句用逗号隔开如这个老人有一个当医生的儿子这个老人有个儿子他是当医生的二用法关系代词代选用关系词首先分清主句和定语从句确定定语从句的先行词把先行词带回到定语从句中去看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分主语宾语定语或状语若先行词在从句中做主语宾语或定语则选择关系代词若在从句中做状语则选择关系副词的用法作定语从句的主语或宾语只能用的情况序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时先行词被等修饰时等不定代词作先行词时先行词被修饰时主句已有或时当先行词同时指人和物时只能用不能用代替的情况非限制性定语从句中的不能