高考英语写作翻译技巧集中营一外语学习翻译基础知识_外语学习-英语基础.pdf

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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 高考英语写作翻译技巧集中营(一)在做句子翻译练习时，我们常见一个汉语句子有多种英译法。其表达意义几乎相同。这种近似句的翻译大致可从以下几个方面来考虑。利用复合句与简单句之间的关系来表达 通过使用分词、不定式、动名词、名词词组、形容词短语、介词短语或独立主格结构等来化简从句，从而达到另一种翻译形式。例如：1现在正在建造的那幢房子将是我们的寝室。The house which is being built now will be our bedroom The house being built now will be our bedroom（现在分词短语代替了定语从句）2去年

2、建造的那幢房子是我们的寝室。The house which was built last year is our bedroom The house built last year is our bedroom （过去分词短语代替了定语从句）3下个月将建造的那幢房子将是我们的寝室。The house which will be built next month will be our bedroom The house to be built next month will be our bedroom（不定式短语代替了定语从句）4她生病使得她母亲担心。That she was ill mad

3、e her mother worried （It made her mother worried that she was ill ）Her being ill made her mother worried （动名词短语代替了主语从句）Her illness made her mother worried （名词词组代替了主语从句）5我们都知道，她是诚实的。That she is honest is well known to us （It is well known to us that she is honest ）Her honesty is well known to us （名词词

4、组代替了主语从句）6我们掌握一门外语是必要的。It is necessary that we master a foreign language It is necessary for us to master a foreign language （不定式短语代替主语从句）7战士应该是不怕死的人。Soldiers must be people who are not afraid of death Soldiers must be people not afraid of death （形容词短语代替了定语从句）8他在三岁的时候就能讲点英语。When he was three years o

5、ld，he could speak a little English At the age of three，he could speak a little English （介词短语代替了状语从句）9由于是星期天，所以图书馆关闭着。As it was Sunday，the library was closed It being Sunday，the library was closed （独立主格结构代替了状语从句）10一个五岁的孩子在外面哭。A child，who is five years old，is crying outside A five-year-old child is cr

6、ying outside（合成形容词代替了定语从句）高考英语写作翻译技巧集中营（二）利用同义词（或词组）与反义词（或词组）之间的关系表达 学习必备 欢迎下载 通过使用动词（或形容词、名词、介词、副词等）的同义词或者它们的反义词的否定形式也可来表达相同的意思。例如：1这儿发生什么事？What is going on here？What is happening here？What is taking place here？What is occurring here？很明显，上述四句中的 go on，happen，take place 和 occur 均意为“发生”，除此之外，还译为：Whats

7、 on here？Whats the matter？Whats the trouble？Whats wrong？Is there anything wrong？Is anything the matter？Is there anything on？2我父亲不在家。My father is out My father is not in My father is not at home My father is away from home 3老李什么时候到达上海的？When did Lao Li get to Shanghai？When did Lao Li arrive in Shangha

8、i？When did Lao Li reach Shanghai？4他难教。To teach him is difficult （It is difficult to teach him ）To teach him is not easy （It is not easy to teach him ）He is not easily taught He is not easy difficult hard to teachHe is a difficult student to teach He is a student difficult to teach 5史密斯先生为他的字迹而感到自豪。M

9、r Smith takes pride in his good handwriting Mr Smith is proud of his good handwriting Mr Smith feels proud of his good handwriting Mr Smith prides himself on his good handwriting Mr Smith is pleased about his good handwriting Mr Smith is satisfied about his good handwriting 高考英语写作翻译技巧集中营（三）6我们必须马上走了

10、。We must be off at once We must be off immediately We must be off right away We must be off right now We must be off presently We must be off in no time We must be off in a little while 7大量的水被净化。Much water is made clean A great deal of water is made clean A large amount of water is made clean A lot

11、of water is made clean Lots of water is made clean Plenty of water is made clean A large quantity of water is made cleanLarge quantities of water is made clean 8 我伯伯四十多岁了。My uncle is over forty years old My uncle is more than forty years old My uncle is below fifty My uncle is in his forties My uncl

12、e is above forty My uncle is a man above forty My uncle is over forty years of age 9听到这个消息时，我们不禁笑了。We couldnt help laughing at this news We couldnt avoid laughing at the news We couldnt resist laughing at the news We couldnt keep from laughing at the news We couldnt stop from laughing at the news We

13、 couldnt prevent from laughing at the news We couldnt but laugh at the news 10他一两天就会回来。He will be back in one or two days He will come back in a day or two He will return in a day or two He is coming back in one or two days 高考英语写作翻译技巧集中营（四）利用“构词法”的形式来表达 达意义几乎相同这种近似句的翻译大致可从以下几个方面来考虑利用复合句与简单句之间的关系来表达通

14、过使用分词不定式动名词名词词组形容词短语介词短语或独立主格结构等来化简从句从而达到另一种翻译形式例如现在正在建了定语从句下个月将建造的那幢房子将是我们的寝室不定式短语代替了定语从句她生病使得她母亲担心动名词短语代替了主语从句名词词组代替了主语从句我们都知道她是实的名词词组代替了主语从句我们掌握一门外语是必要的不代替了状语从句由于是星期天所以图书馆关闭着独立主格结构代替了状语从句一个五岁的孩子在外面哭合成形容词代替了定语从句高考英语写作翻译技巧集中营二利用同义词或词组与反义词或词组之间的关系表达学习必备欢迎下载学习必备 欢迎下载 通过单词的派生、合成或转换，也可表达相同的含义。例如：1这不公平。

15、It is not fairIt is unfair 2使我们高兴的是他按时来了。To our pleasure（joy），he has come in time To please us，he has come in time We are pleased with his having come in time What pleases us is that he has come in time We are pleased with that he has come in time He has come in time，which pleases ourselves His havi

16、ng come in time pleases us That he has come in time pleases us Its pleasant for us to see that he has come in time 3她对英语非常感兴趣。She is very interested in English She has（show feels takes）great interest in English English interests her very much What interests her is English English is very interesting

17、 to her 4这个盒子有多重？Whats the weight of the box？What of the weight is the box？How much does the box weigh？How weighty is the box？高考英语写作翻译技巧集中营（五）利用一义多型的句法来表达 通过使用多种句型来表达同一概念。例如：表达“结果”含义的句型就有如下几种：1这女孩子未到上学的年龄。The girl is too young to go to school The girl is not old enough to go to school The girl is no

18、t so old as to go to school She is such a young girl that she cant go to school She is so young a girl that she cant go to school The girl is so young that she cant go to school The girl is very young，so she cant go to school She is not such an old girl as to go to school 又如，表达“目的”意思就有下列多种句型：2我去火车站去

19、接叔叔。I went to the station to meet my uncle I went to the station in order to meet my uncle I went to the station so as to meet my uncle I went to the station in order that I could meet my uncle I went to the station so that I could meet my uncle 高考英语写作翻译技巧集中营（六）利用词法来表达 通过使用单词或词组，根据其用法，也可达到多种翻译，有用主动和

20、被动两种形式来表达相同含义的。例如：1 外国朋友受到了热烈的欢迎。The foreign friends were warmly welcomed The foreign friends were given a warm welcome A warm welcome was given to the foreign friends The foreign friends received a warm welcome 2我们的计划需要进一步讨论。Our plan needs further discussing Our plan needs to be further discussed O

21、ur plan need be further discussed It is necessary to discuss further our plan 3新的法律值得仔细研究。The new law is worth studying carefully The new law is worthy of careful studyThe new law is worthy of being studied carefully The new law is worthy to be carefully studied 高考英语写作翻译技巧集中营（七）达意义几乎相同这种近似句的翻译大致可从以下

22、几个方面来考虑利用复合句与简单句之间的关系来表达通过使用分词不定式动名词名词词组形容词短语介词短语或独立主格结构等来化简从句从而达到另一种翻译形式例如现在正在建了定语从句下个月将建造的那幢房子将是我们的寝室不定式短语代替了定语从句她生病使得她母亲担心动名词短语代替了主语从句名词词组代替了主语从句我们都知道她是实的名词词组代替了主语从句我们掌握一门外语是必要的不代替了状语从句由于是星期天所以图书馆关闭着独立主格结构代替了状语从句一个五岁的孩子在外面哭合成形容词代替了定语从句高考英语写作翻译技巧集中营二利用同义词或词组与反义词或词组之间的关系表达学习必备欢迎下载学习必备 欢迎下载 利用语气的不同来

23、表达 通过使用陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气，也可以达到多种表达方式。1劳驾关门。Please shut the door（祈使语气）Would you mind shutting the door？（虚拟语气）Will you please shut the door？（陈述语气）2我建议我们今晚开会。I suggest that we（should）hold a meeting tonight （虚拟语气）I suggest our holding a meeting tonight （陈述语气）高考英语写作翻译技巧集中营（八）利用倒装的关系来表达同一含义 1直到他回来我才睡觉。I didn

24、t go to bed until he came back Not until he came back did I go to bed （倒装句）It was not until he came back that I went to bed （强调句）2要是准备充分我们是可能成功的。Had we made adequate preparations，we might have succeeded （倒装语序）If we had made adequate preparations，we might have succeeded （陈述语序）利用省略句的形式来表达同一含义 1她让孩子们吃饭

25、时别说话。She told the children not to talk while they were eating She told the childen not to talk while eating 2她匆匆地走出房去，好像很生气的样子。She hurriedly left the room as if（though）she were angry She hurriedly left the room as if（though）angry 高考英语写作翻译技巧集中营（九）九、利用其它方式来表达。通过使用多通道转换,来表达一种含义。所谓“多通道”就是除上述八种方法外,还可以从句法

26、、惯用法等方面着手翻译。例如:1.给我去拿些粉笔来好吗!Can/Could you fetch me some chalk!May/Might I have you fetch me some chalk!Will/Would you fetch me some chalk!Will/Would you please fetch me some chalk!Would you like to fetch me some chalk!Wont you fetch me some chalk!Fetch me some chalk,will/would you please!You couldnt

27、 fetch me some chalk,could you!You wouldnt be able to fetch me some chalk,would you!Do you mind if you fetch me some chalk!Do/Would you mind fetching me some chalk!Do you think you could possibly fetch me some chalk,please!You could possibly fetch me some chalk!Will you be kind enough to fetch me so

28、me chalk!Will/Would you kindly fetch me some chalk!Will you have the kindness to fetch me some chalk!Will you be so kind as to fetch me some chalk!2.他一直工作到七十多岁。He kept on working till/until he was over seventy.He kept on working till/until he was at the age of over 70.He kept on working till/until h

29、e reached the age of over 70.He kept on working till/until he was aged over seventy.He kept on working till/until his age was over seventy.He didnt stop working till/until his age was over seventy.达意义几乎相同这种近似句的翻译大致可从以下几个方面来考虑利用复合句与简单句之间的关系来表达通过使用分词不定式动名词名词词组形容词短语介词短语或独立主格结构等来化简从句从而达到另一种翻译形式例如现在正在建了定

30、语从句下个月将建造的那幢房子将是我们的寝室不定式短语代替了定语从句她生病使得她母亲担心动名词短语代替了主语从句名词词组代替了主语从句我们都知道她是实的名词词组代替了主语从句我们掌握一门外语是必要的不代替了状语从句由于是星期天所以图书馆关闭着独立主格结构代替了状语从句一个五岁的孩子在外面哭合成形容词代替了定语从句高考英语写作翻译技巧集中营二利用同义词或词组与反义词或词组之间的关系表达学习必备欢迎下载学习必备 欢迎下载 He didnt stop working before he was more than 70.He didnt stop working before he was in hi

31、s seventies.Not until he was in his seventies did he stop working.3.她英文很好。She knew English very well.She had a good command of English.She had a good knowledge of English.She was good at English.She did well in English.She became expert at English.She was at home in English.She mastered English well

32、.达意义几乎相同这种近似句的翻译大致可从以下几个方面来考虑利用复合句与简单句之间的关系来表达通过使用分词不定式动名词名词词组形容词短语介词短语或独立主格结构等来化简从句从而达到另一种翻译形式例如现在正在建了定语从句下个月将建造的那幢房子将是我们的寝室不定式短语代替了定语从句她生病使得她母亲担心动名词短语代替了主语从句名词词组代替了主语从句我们都知道她是实的名词词组代替了主语从句我们掌握一门外语是必要的不代替了状语从句由于是星期天所以图书馆关闭着独立主格结构代替了状语从句一个五岁的孩子在外面哭合成形容词代替了定语从句高考英语写作翻译技巧集中营二利用同义词或词组与反义词或词组之间的关系表达学习必备欢迎下载