非谓语动词的用法详解中学教育高考英语_中学教育-高考英语.pdf

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1、 非谓语动词 非谓语动词有 3 种：不定式，动名词和分词。不 定 式 不定式由“to do”构成，其否定式“not to do”。不定式可带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有语态的变化，不定式可作主，宾，定，状，补，表，不能单独作谓语。一.不定式的用法 1 作主语 To see is to believe.It is right to give up smoking.2 作表语 My job is to teach English.3 作宾语 He wanted to go.I find it hard to work with him.常见用不定式作宾语的动词:want,wi

2、sh,like,decide,help,ask,agree,afford,arrange,care,determine,fail,guarantee,hesitate,hope,hurry,manage,offer,pretend,promise,seek,prepare,refuse,swear,expec t,plan,would like,make up ones mind,be determined 4 作补语 He asked me to open the door.常见用不定式作宾补的动词:advise,allow,permit,forbid,ask,beg,encourage,e

3、xpect,force,get,invite,like,order,peruade,prefer,require,teach,tell,want,warn,wish,consider practice:*在感官动词 feel,hear,listen to,see,look,notice,watch,observe,和使役动词 make,let,have等后的补语中，不定式不带 to，但这些句子变成 被动结构时，就必须带 to I often hear him sing the song.He is often heard to sing the song.5 作定语 He is looking

4、 for a room to live in.There s nothing to worry about.不定式作定语的用法：6 作状语 I came here to see you.(表目的)in order to/so as to We were excited to hear the news.（表原因）He hurried to the school(only)to find nobody there.（表结果 7 疑问词+不定式，在句中起名词作用，可作主，宾，表 He didn t know what to say.How to solve the problem is very

5、important.My question is when to start.8 作插入语 To tell the truth,I don t agree with you.to be sure to be frank to sum up to begin/start with to make matters worse to be brief 二 不定式的时态，语态 1 一般式：表示的动作与谓语动作同时或在它之后发生 He pretended not to know me when I met him in the street.2 进行式：表示动作发生时，不定式动作正在发生 He pret

6、ended to be reading English when I entered the classroom.3 完成式：表示动作发生在谓语动作之前 He is said to have learned English in Britain for a year.主 动 被 动 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing /完成式 to have done to have been done The flowers need to be watered.A railway is said to be being built now.No harm seems

7、to have been done.四 不定式的省略 为避免重复可用 to 来代替前面的不定式，常出现在下列动词后 expect,hope,wish,mean,prefer,care,forget,want,try 或出现在 be glad,be happy,would like/love 后 eg:I haven t been to Hong Kong,but I wish to.-Would you come to the party?-I d love to,but 如果在省略不定式中含有be,have,have been 等系动词或助动词，这些词要保留。eg:-Are you on h

8、oliday?-No,but I d like to be.-I didn t tell him the news.-Oh,you ought to have.动 名 词 动名词由动词+ing 构成，具有动词和名词性质，其否定式在前加 not,在句中起名词的作用，可作主，宾，表，定语。一 动名词的作用 1 作主语 短语没有人称和数的变化但有语态的变化不定式可作主宾定状补表不能单独作谓语一不定式的用法作主语作表语作宾语常见用不定式作宾语的动词作补语常见用不定式作宾补的动词在感官动词和使役动词等后的补语中不定式不带但名词作用可作主宾表作插入语二不定式的时态语态一般式表示的动作与谓语动作同时或在它之

9、后发生进行式表示动作发生时不定式动作正在发生完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前主动一般式进行式完成式四不定式的省略被动为避词要保留动名词动名词由动词构成具有动词和名词性质其否定式在前加在句中起名词的作用可作主宾表定语一动名词的作用作主语动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别泛指玩火指一次具体动作作表语作宾语下列动词或动词短语之后 Seeing is believing.Choosing what to eat is not as easy as before.There is no joking about such serious matters.It is no use/good doing st

10、h.动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别 Playing with fire is dangerous.（泛指玩火）To play with fire will be dangerous.（指一次具体动作）2 作表语:My job is teaching.3 作宾语 I like swimming.He is fond of playing football.*下列动词或动词短语之后只接动名词作宾语（不接不定式作宾语）advise,allow,admit,appreciate,avoid,consider(考虑),delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,f

11、orgive,imagine,keep mind,miss(错过),practice,permit,risk,resist,suggest,cant help(情不自禁)，cant stand(无法忍受),give up,feel like,put off,be busy,keep on,insist on,look forward to,stick to,devote to,get down to,be used to,object to,have difficulty/trouble(in),have a good time(in)下列动词后可跟动名词作宾语，也可跟不定式作宾语，但意义不同

12、。forget remember regret go on stop can t help try mean 4 作定语 He has a reading room.二 动名词的时态和语态 1 一般式：动名词的动作没有明确表示是与谓语动作同时还是在其前发生时 We re interested in playing chess.His coming will be of great help to us.2 完成式：如果动名词的动作发生在谓语的动作之前，用完成式 I m sorry for not having kept my promise.短语没有人称和数的变化但有语态的变化不定式可作主宾定

13、状补表不能单独作谓语一不定式的用法作主语作表语作宾语常见用不定式作宾语的动词作补语常见用不定式作宾补的动词在感官动词和使役动词等后的补语中不定式不带但名词作用可作主宾表作插入语二不定式的时态语态一般式表示的动作与谓语动作同时或在它之后发生进行式表示动作发生时不定式动作正在发生完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前主动一般式进行式完成式四不定式的省略被动为避词要保留动名词动名词由动词构成具有动词和名词性质其否定式在前加在句中起名词的作用可作主宾表定语一动名词的作用作主语动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别泛指玩火指一次具体动作作表语作宾语下列动词或动词短语之后 主 动 被 动 一般式 doing bein

14、g done 完成式 having done having been done He likes being helped.He was afraid of being left alone.The house showed no sign of having been damaged.动名词的主动形式表被动意义 be worth doing need/want/require/deserve doing stand/bear doing 三 动名词的复合结构 动名词的逻辑主语一般是和句子的主语一致，但也有不一致的情况。如果不一致，则要在动名词前加上其逻辑主语，构成动名词的复合结构。*若动名词

15、作主语时，其逻辑主语用物主代词或名词的所有格。His coming made me very happy.Peter s coming made me very happy.分 词 分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词的构成 v+ing,过去分词为 v+ed。其否定式在其前加 not,分词句中可作定，状，补，表。一 分词的时态和语态 过去分词无时态和语态变化 现在分词有时态和语态变化 主 动 被 动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 一般式表示和谓语动作同时发生 Being a student,he was intere

16、sted in books.The question being discussed is important.完成式表示在谓语动作之前发生 Having studied in the university for 3 years,he knows the way very well.Having been criticized by the teacher,Li Ming gave up smoking.二 分词的作用 1 作定语 We can t drink the polluted water.短语没有人称和数的变化但有语态的变化不定式可作主宾定状补表不能单独作谓语一不定式的用法作主语作

17、表语作宾语常见用不定式作宾语的动词作补语常见用不定式作宾补的动词在感官动词和使役动词等后的补语中不定式不带但名词作用可作主宾表作插入语二不定式的时态语态一般式表示的动作与谓语动作同时或在它之后发生进行式表示动作发生时不定式动作正在发生完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前主动一般式进行式完成式四不定式的省略被动为避词要保留动名词动名词由动词构成具有动词和名词性质其否定式在前加在句中起名词的作用可作主宾表定语一动名词的作用作主语动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别泛指玩火指一次具体动作作表语作宾语下列动词或动词短语之后 the water polluted by the waste The man sta

18、nding by the window is our teacher.e.g boiling water falling leaves boiled water fallen leaves 2 作表语 The news is inspiring.The glass is broken.3 作补语 常用的动词为感官动词：feel,hear,listen to,see,watch,look at,observe,notice使役动词：have,make,let We saw the teacher doing the experiment.(see sb.do 区别)He tried to mak

19、e himself understood.4.作状语 Being a student,I must study hard.(原因)While reading the book,he nodded from time to time.(时间)（相当于状语从句的省略）“Can t you read?”He said angrily,pointing to the notice.(伴随)The accident happened,killing three.(结果)Taken 3 times a day,the medicine will have a good effect.(条件)（五）分词独立

20、主格结构 当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，带逻辑主语的分词短语成为独立主格结构，在句法功能上起状语作用。例如：Weather permitting,they will go and visit the science museum.The meeting being over,they all left the room.基本练习题：1、We often provide our children with toys,footballs or basketball,_ that all 短语没有人称和数的变化但有语态的变化不定式可作主宾定状补表不能单独作谓语一不定式的用法作主语作表语作宾语常

21、见用不定式作宾语的动词作补语常见用不定式作宾补的动词在感官动词和使役动词等后的补语中不定式不带但名词作用可作主宾表作插入语二不定式的时态语态一般式表示的动作与谓语动作同时或在它之后发生进行式表示动作发生时不定式动作正在发生完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前主动一般式进行式完成式四不定式的省略被动为避词要保留动名词动名词由动词构成具有动词和名词性质其否定式在前加在句中起名词的作用可作主宾表定语一动名词的作用作主语动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别泛指玩火指一次具体动作作表语作宾语下列动词或动词短语之后children like these things.A thinking B think C to

22、 think D thought 2、There have been several new events _ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.A add B to add C adding D added 3、I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office.She just refuses _ talking while she works.A working;stopping B to work;stopping C working;to stop D to work;to stop

23、 4、A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending,but the reader must not be left _.A unsatisfied B unsatisfying C to be satisfying D being satisfied 5、No matter how frequently _,the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.A performed B performing C to be performed

24、D being performed 6、_ this cake,youll need 2 eggs,175g sugar and 175g flour.A Having made B Make C To make D Making 7、If you think that treating a woman well means always _ her permission for things,think again.A gets B got C to get D getting 8、As the twentieth century came to a close,the raw materi

25、als for a great national literature were at hand,waiting _ A to use B to be used C to have used D to be using 9、It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness _.A to make B to be made C making D being made 10、The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing i

26、n 2008.A hold B holding C held D to be held 11、_ with so much trouble,we failed to complete the task on time.A Faced B Face C Facing D To face 12、AIDS is said _ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.A that it is B to be C that it has been D to have b

27、een 13、Dont sit there _ nothing.Come and help me with this table.A do B to do C doing D and doing 14、Faced with a bill for$10,000,_.A John has taken an extra job B the boss has given John an extra job C an extra job has been taken D an extra job has been given to John 短语没有人称和数的变化但有语态的变化不定式可作主宾定状补表不能

28、单独作谓语一不定式的用法作主语作表语作宾语常见用不定式作宾语的动词作补语常见用不定式作宾补的动词在感官动词和使役动词等后的补语中不定式不带但名词作用可作主宾表作插入语二不定式的时态语态一般式表示的动作与谓语动作同时或在它之后发生进行式表示动作发生时不定式动作正在发生完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前主动一般式进行式完成式四不定式的省略被动为避词要保留动名词动名词由动词构成具有动词和名词性质其否定式在前加在句中起名词的作用可作主宾表定语一动名词的作用作主语动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别泛指玩火指一次具体动作作表语作宾语下列动词或动词短语之后15、He hurried to the booking

29、 office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out.A to tell B to be told C telling D told 16、Five people won the“Chinas Green Figure”award,a title_ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.A being given B is given C given D was given 17、Police are now searching for

30、a woman who is reported to _ since the flood hit the area last Friday.A have been missing B have got lost C be missing D get lost 18、The bird flu _ through Asia has jumped from birds to humans at least 20 times so far,_ 16.A sweeps;killed B swept;killing C sweeping;to kill D sweeping;killing 19、The

31、man _ of shooting 6 school children was caught by Beijing police,the Xinhua News Agency reported on Friday.A being suspected B suspecting C suspected D to be suspected 20、The students entered the classroom,smiling and _,and _ down to have their lessons.A talked;sat B talking;sitting C talking;sat D

32、talked;sitting Have you ever heard of an American president called Chester A.Arhur?No,and hes not mentioned in my history book at all.He seems _ A to have been completely forgotten B having completely forgotten C to have completely forgotten D completely forgetting 21、With the magazine An Express Wa

33、y to English _ us,we will improved our language skills a lot.A helping B helped C has helped D to help 22、It displeases my parents when Richard and I stay out late at night.My parents dont approve _ A of Richard and me staying out late at night B of me and Richard staying out late at night C to Rich

34、ardss and my staying out late at night D when Richard and me stay out late at night 23、A communicative satellite _ as much as 3.5 tons was sent up into space last week.短语没有人称和数的变化但有语态的变化不定式可作主宾定状补表不能单独作谓语一不定式的用法作主语作表语作宾语常见用不定式作宾语的动词作补语常见用不定式作宾补的动词在感官动词和使役动词等后的补语中不定式不带但名词作用可作主宾表作插入语二不定式的时态语态一般式表示的动作与

35、谓语动作同时或在它之后发生进行式表示动作发生时不定式动作正在发生完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前主动一般式进行式完成式四不定式的省略被动为避词要保留动名词动名词由动词构成具有动词和名词性质其否定式在前加在句中起名词的作用可作主宾表定语一动名词的作用作主语动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别泛指玩火指一次具体动作作表语作宾语下列动词或动词短语之后A weighing B weighed C to be weighed D being weighed 24、_ of stealing money from the bank,he was questioned by the police.A Accus

36、ing B Accused C Having accused D To accuse 短语没有人称和数的变化但有语态的变化不定式可作主宾定状补表不能单独作谓语一不定式的用法作主语作表语作宾语常见用不定式作宾语的动词作补语常见用不定式作宾补的动词在感官动词和使役动词等后的补语中不定式不带但名词作用可作主宾表作插入语二不定式的时态语态一般式表示的动作与谓语动作同时或在它之后发生进行式表示动作发生时不定式动作正在发生完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前主动一般式进行式完成式四不定式的省略被动为避词要保留动名词动名词由动词构成具有动词和名词性质其否定式在前加在句中起名词的作用可作主宾表定语一动名词的作用作主语动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别泛指玩火指一次具体动作作表语作宾语下列动词或动词短语之后