高考阅读理解解题方法中学教育高考_中学教育-高考.pdf

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1、 全国卷高考英语题型考点及教学方案 阅读理解 一、广东卷与全国卷变化 全国卷：4+1 原则即四篇阅读加一篇七选五，分值 40 分。和广东卷相比，少了 5 题，和广东卷一样：主要考察细节题、猜词题、推断题，难度中等。七选五阅读：要求对英语篇章结构要有一定的了解，能根据上下文信息选出段落中缺失的句子，而没改革前，广东卷四篇共 20 题，每篇平均 360 字左右，通常为记叙文、夹叙夹议文、议论文、说明文，考查题型：细节题 9-13 题，推断题 3-5 题，猜词题 1-2 题，主旨大意题 1-3 题。另外信息匹配，五小题。改革之后分值相对降低，同时难度降低，细节题偏多。其中新增新题型七选五题型。二、考

2、点与重难点详细分析 一、英语阅读理解题是高考英语试卷中所占分值最高、难度最大的一个题目,把握好阅读理解题的命题原则,选择好合适的阅读材料,就会少走弯路,达到事半功倍的效果。养成良好的阅读习惯,提高阅读速度,对于提高做题效率是非常重要的。了解阅读理解题常考的题型,掌握一定的做题技巧,熟悉英美国家的语言文化背景,采用科学、合理、有效的阅读方法,进行广泛阅读,这对于正确理解短文是非常必要的。二、阅读理解题型分析：1.阅读理解体裁上分为：记叙文、描写文、说明文、应用文、论述文等 2.题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容，篇幅长度相对广东卷而言，较短。章篇 分析 A（2015）B（20

3、15）C（2015）D（2015）体裁 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文 题材 广告类 生活体验经艺术作品介社会生活介 章篇 题型 A（2015）B（2015）C（2015）D（2015）事实细节题 3 1 3 2 主旨大意题 0 0 0 0 推理判断题 0 3 0 2 词义猜测题 0 0 1 0 观点态度题 0 0 0 0 和广东卷相比少了题和广东卷一样主要考察细节题猜词题推断题难度中等七选五阅读要求对英语篇章结构要有一定的了解能根据上下文信息选出段落中缺失的句子而没改革前广东卷四篇共题每篇平均字左右通常为记叙文夹叙夹议文难度降低细节题偏多其中新增新题型七选五题型二考点与重难点详细分析一英语阅

4、读理解题是高考英语试卷中所占分值最高难度最大的一个题目把握好阅读理解题的命题原则选择好合适的阅读材料就会少走弯路达到事半功倍的效果巧熟悉英美国家的语言文化背景采用科学合理有效的阅读方法进行广泛阅读这对于正确理解短文是非常必要的二阅读理解题型分析阅读理解体裁上分为记叙文描写文说明文应用文论述文等题材广泛包括科普社会文化政治经济等多方历 绍 绍 主题 介绍讲座和时间内容安排 主要讲述不同地方的冬天的体验 著名作家艺术展品的介绍 法国精神咖啡馆的社会意义和功能特色 难度 一般 中等 难 中等 词数 234 355 229 321 建议时间 6分钟 8分钟 9分钟 8分钟 小结：2015 年的全国卷，

5、总体难度中等，非常适合中等学生水平的发挥。在体裁的考查上和广东卷差不多，和广东卷相比少了题和广东卷一样主要考察细节题猜词题推断题难度中等七选五阅读要求对英语篇章结构要有一定的了解能根据上下文信息选出段落中缺失的句子而没改革前广东卷四篇共题每篇平均字左右通常为记叙文夹叙夹议文难度降低细节题偏多其中新增新题型七选五题型二考点与重难点详细分析一英语阅读理解题是高考英语试卷中所占分值最高难度最大的一个题目把握好阅读理解题的命题原则选择好合适的阅读材料就会少走弯路达到事半功倍的效果巧熟悉英美国家的语言文化背景采用科学合理有效的阅读方法进行广泛阅读这对于正确理解短文是非常必要的二阅读理解题型分析阅读理解体

6、裁上分为记叙文描写文说明文应用文论述文等题材广泛包括科普社会文化政治经济等多方也是主要考察，记叙文，说明文，议论文和 应用文。题材上涵盖了和中学生生活有关的方方面面，比如：广告，记叙，说明。所以建议学生在备考的过程中，不要局限性课本知识的复习，多从课外去涉猎一些知识。1、主旨大意题 主旨大意题考查:（1）.分清主次，抓住主干，找出主题句。（2）.理清层次关系，选出最佳标题（3）.抓住关键词，判断作者意图 【例1】（2014年全国卷）Twenty five years ago,there were hardly any education programs for environment.Tod

7、ay,its hard to find a public school,university,or law school that does not have such a kind of program.”Until we do that,nothing else will change!”say Bruce Anderson.28What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph?AEducation BPlanning CGreen living DCO red

8、uction 认真分析，我们不难发现根据最后一段，“Until we do that,nothing else will change!”say Bruce Anderso n.”什么都不会改变，直到我们实施了关于环保的教育项目。所以正确答案是 C.由此看出，抓住了关键词，我们同样可以找出文章的主旨大意。2、事实细节题 事实细节题解题：（1）.是非判断题。（2）.例证题考查的是文章的逻辑结构。（3）.数字考查通常分为两类：直接考查和计算考查。（4）.细节考查：考查直接信息和对直接信息的理解。例 1.November 7th The Canal Pioneers,by Chris Lewis.J

9、ames Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers.He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building.Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early“civil engineers”.(2015 全国卷)和

10、广东卷相比少了题和广东卷一样主要考察细节题猜词题推断题难度中等七选五阅读要求对英语篇章结构要有一定的了解能根据上下文信息选出段落中缺失的句子而没改革前广东卷四篇共题每篇平均字左右通常为记叙文夹叙夹议文难度降低细节题偏多其中新增新题型七选五题型二考点与重难点详细分析一英语阅读理解题是高考英语试卷中所占分值最高难度最大的一个题目把握好阅读理解题的命题原则选择好合适的阅读材料就会少走弯路达到事半功倍的效果巧熟悉英美国家的语言文化背景采用科学合理有效的阅读方法进行广泛阅读这对于正确理解短文是非常必要的二阅读理解题型分析阅读理解体裁上分为记叙文描写文说明文应用文论述文等题材广泛包括科普社会文化政治经济等

11、多方 21.When is the talk on James Brindley?A.February 6th.B.March 6th.C.November 7th.D.December 5th.解析根据文章的第二段第二句“James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers.”可以知道相对应的日期是 November 7th故选 C Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight,my happiness deepened when I learned that

12、 Browns Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty,a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton,where-luckily for me-I was planning to have di nner that very night.Without even seeing the menu,I knew Id be ordering every tomato on it.（2015 全国卷）25.What made the authors getting up lat

13、e early worthwhile?A.Having a swim.B.Breathing in fresh air.C.Walking in the morning sun.D.Visiting a local farmers market.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句 dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetables-was a 7 a.m.adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up ca

14、ll.可知作者早上 7点到农产品市场是很有意义的。可知选 D。3、推理判断题 推理判断题考查：（1）.运用文段所叙述或描绘的事件背景提供的信息进行推理判断（2）.运用已有的经验、经历或常识进行推理判断（3）.紧扣主题或话题，避免掉入细节事实的陷阱 例 1：Sam and Joe were astronauts.There was once a very dangerous trip and the more experienced astronauts knew there was only a small chance of coming back alive.Sam and Joe,how

15、ever,thought it would be exciting though a little dangerous.Were the best men for the job,they said to the boss.There may be problems,but we can find the 和广东卷相比少了题和广东卷一样主要考察细节题猜词题推断题难度中等七选五阅读要求对英语篇章结构要有一定的了解能根据上下文信息选出段落中缺失的句子而没改革前广东卷四篇共题每篇平均字左右通常为记叙文夹叙夹议文难度降低细节题偏多其中新增新题型七选五题型二考点与重难点详细分析一英语阅读理解题是高考英语

16、试卷中所占分值最高难度最大的一个题目把握好阅读理解题的命题原则选择好合适的阅读材料就会少走弯路达到事半功倍的效果巧熟悉英美国家的语言文化背景采用科学合理有效的阅读方法进行广泛阅读这对于正确理解短文是非常必要的二阅读理解题型分析阅读理解体裁上分为记叙文描写文说明文应用文论述文等题材广泛包括科普社会文化政治经济等多方answers.Theyre the last people Id trust,thought the boss.But all the other astronauts have refused to go.Once they were in space,Joe had to go

17、outside to make some repairs.When the repairs were done,he tried to get back inside the spaceship.But the door was locked.He knocked but there was no answer.He knocked again,louder this time,and again no answer came.Then he hit the door as hard as he could and finally a voice said,Whos there?Its me!

18、Who else could it be?shouted Joe.Sam let him in all right but you can imagine that Joe never asked to go on a trip with Sam again!(2011全国卷)The writer tells this story to _.A.show the dangerous side of the astronauts life B.show the funny side of the astronauts life C.make people laugh D.make people

19、think 如果不从科学常识和学科知识的角度考虑，这四个选项都有一定的干扰性。但是有点文化和常识的人都知道，到目前为止有能力把人送入太空进行太空飞行，并且宇航员能离开飞行器进行太空行走的国家只有俄、美两个国家，而他们对宇航员的选拔都是严格的国家行为，不可能出现像文中第 1 自然段所叙述的那种由某个老板来挑选宇航员的情况；此外，有点物理常识的人都知道，在太空是没有空气的，飞行器的门也是真空的，而声音无法在真空中传播，因此，在太空工作的宇航员是不可能用敲门的方式把他(们)要进入太空飞行器的信息传达给舱内的人，所以，在第 2 自然段中描述的那种情况是不科学的。显然，作者写这篇文章的目的不过是为了搞笑

20、而已，因此，C 选项是正确的。B The market,which was founded in 1979,sets up its tents every Saturday from 7:00 am to 1 p.m.,rain or shine,along North Lemon and State streets.Baskets of perfect red strawberries;the red-painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck;and most of all,the tomatoes:amazing,large,soft and

21、round red tomatoes.（2015 全国卷）26.What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter?A.They are soft.B.They look nice.C.They taste great.D.They are juicy.解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段第二句 No matter how attractive they look in the store,once I get them home theyre unfailingly dry,hard,and tasteless.可知，纽约的西红

22、柿在商店里看起来是很吸引人的。可知选 B 和广东卷相比少了题和广东卷一样主要考察细节题猜词题推断题难度中等七选五阅读要求对英语篇章结构要有一定的了解能根据上下文信息选出段落中缺失的句子而没改革前广东卷四篇共题每篇平均字左右通常为记叙文夹叙夹议文难度降低细节题偏多其中新增新题型七选五题型二考点与重难点详细分析一英语阅读理解题是高考英语试卷中所占分值最高难度最大的一个题目把握好阅读理解题的命题原则选择好合适的阅读材料就会少走弯路达到事半功倍的效果巧熟悉英美国家的语言文化背景采用科学合理有效的阅读方法进行广泛阅读这对于正确理解短文是非常必要的二阅读理解题型分析阅读理解体裁上分为记叙文描写文说明文应用

23、文论述文等题材广泛包括科普社会文化政治经济等多方4、猜词题 猜词题考查：（1）.利用定义或解释(definition or explanation)（2）.利用普通常识和经验(common sense or experience)（3）.利用同义/同位语(similarity/appositive)（4）.利用举例(from examples)（5）.利用比较或对比(comparison or contrast)（6）.利用构词法(Word formation)：前缀、后缀、复合、派生等（7）.利用同义词或反义词(Synonym or Antonym)（8）.利用原因与结果关系猜词(from

24、Cause and Result)（9）.利用上下文的语境(context or related information)例 1.The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities(无限).“From the infinity small to the infinity large,contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus:amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old paintin

25、g that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras,”explai ns the Pompidou Centre.The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid,Spain,and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg,F

26、lorida.（2015 全国卷）31.What does the word“contributions”in the last paragraph refer to?A.Artworks.B.Projects.C.Donations.D.Documents.解析：词义推测题，根据文章的最后一段“The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid,Spain,and with contributions fro

27、m other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg,Florida.”可以推出改词是“艺术品”Sadly,the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing.Where the birds were most abundant,people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands.Commercial hunters attrac

28、ted them to small clearings with grain,waited until pigeons had settled to feed,then threw large nets over them,taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.（2014 全国卷）25.The underlined word“undoing”probably refers to the pigeons _.A.escape B.ruin C.liberat

29、ion D.evolution 和广东卷相比少了题和广东卷一样主要考察细节题猜词题推断题难度中等七选五阅读要求对英语篇章结构要有一定的了解能根据上下文信息选出段落中缺失的句子而没改革前广东卷四篇共题每篇平均字左右通常为记叙文夹叙夹议文难度降低细节题偏多其中新增新题型七选五题型二考点与重难点详细分析一英语阅读理解题是高考英语试卷中所占分值最高难度最大的一个题目把握好阅读理解题的命题原则选择好合适的阅读材料就会少走弯路达到事半功倍的效果巧熟悉英美国家的语言文化背景采用科学合理有效的阅读方法进行广泛阅读这对于正确理解短文是非常必要的二阅读理解题型分析阅读理解体裁上分为记叙文描写文说明文应用文论述文等

30、题材广泛包括科普社会文化政治经济等多方解析：猜词题.根据文章第三段 3、4 行 there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands,Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain,waited until pigeons had settled to feed,then threw large nets over them,taking hundreds at a time.可知很多鸽子都被捕捉并杀死卖往餐厅。所以该词应该是指鸽子遇见了

31、毁灭性的打击。故 B 正确。5、观点态度题 态度观点题：（1）.看提问判题型。（2）.看材料原文，判定文体。（3）.看选项进行比对。一个是用选项和材料进行对比，一个是四个选项之间进行对比。How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion?How often do you have something you want to achieve(e.g.lose weight,start a business,travel more)only to end up confused by all of the options

32、 in front of you and never make progress?This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best,the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information.The end result is that we feel like we cant focus or that we

33、re focused on the wrong things,and so we take less action,make less progress,and stay the same when we could be improving.（2014 全国卷）30.What is the authors attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?A.Tolerant.B.Doubtful.C.Respectful.D.Supportive.解析：根据第三段 The end result is that we feel lik

34、e we cant focus or that we re focused on the wrong things,and so we take less action,make less progress,and stay the same when we could be improving.说明作者对于专家有怀疑，因为我们最后采取的行动较少，取得的进步也小。故 B 正确。三、阅读理解预测：根据近年的阅读理解出题趋势我们大胆的预测，题目难度上一如既往的保持稳定，属于中等难度。体裁上还是记叙文，说明文，议论文，和应用文。题材上，和学生息息相关的话题。第二部分：阅读理解（共 20 小题；每小题

35、 2 分，满分 40 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和 D）中，选出最佳选项。A The Great Barn Adventure 和广东卷相比少了题和广东卷一样主要考察细节题猜词题推断题难度中等七选五阅读要求对英语篇章结构要有一定的了解能根据上下文信息选出段落中缺失的句子而没改革前广东卷四篇共题每篇平均字左右通常为记叙文夹叙夹议文难度降低细节题偏多其中新增新题型七选五题型二考点与重难点详细分析一英语阅读理解题是高考英语试卷中所占分值最高难度最大的一个题目把握好阅读理解题的命题原则选择好合适的阅读材料就会少走弯路达到事半功倍的效果巧熟悉英美国家的语言文化背景采用科学合理有效

36、的阅读方法进行广泛阅读这对于正确理解短文是非常必要的二阅读理解题型分析阅读理解体裁上分为记叙文描写文说明文应用文论述文等题材广泛包括科普社会文化政治经济等多方One morning when I was 11,I explored the towns abandoned round grain barn（谷仓）.I found a chained sliding door that was wide enough for me to pass through.Inside,there was a heavy smell of dead mice in the dark.After my eye

37、s adjusted,I noticed a shaft(升降机井)that rose all the way to the top of the barn.On one side was a one-man elevator with a long rope and roller.I stepped onto the platform and gave the rope a drag and the elevator began sliding up the shaft,but stopped halfway.After a brief panic attack,I noticed hole

38、s in the wall at regular intervals,forming a ladder.For reasons known only to an 11-year-old,I decided it would be better to go up than down.So,with shaking hands,I began climbing the wall.After what seemed like forever,I reached the top of the shaft.I stood up,dusted myself off and found absolutely

39、 nothing of interest.It was just an empty room with a ladder leading up to the roof.I climbed all the way up here for this?Then I noticed a fire extinguisher（灭火器）,which Id always wanted to shoot off.So this was the chance of a lifetime.I tried it,and,much to my surprise,the thing worked!It shot out

40、a thick cloud of powder that instantly filled the room.I couldnt breathe.I was going to choke to death,and theyd probably never even find my body.Luckily,I remembered the ladder to the roof.I climbed up,popped the straw roof and saw a bright blue sky.I suddenly realized the dust and powder pouring o

41、ut of the top could draw attention.So when the dust had settled,I climbed down and slipped out of the chained door.Im not sure if I was more excited about being alive or about not being caught,but I ran all the way back home.21.When the author got inside the barn,he _.A.noticed a man on the elevator

42、 B.opened the chained sliding door C.saw many dead mice in the dark D.found a shaft leading to the top 22.Which of the following is the right order of the authors adventure?a.The elevator stopped halfway.b.He entered the round grain barn.c.He climbed to the top of the shaft.d.He found a fire extingu

43、isher and shot it off.和广东卷相比少了题和广东卷一样主要考察细节题猜词题推断题难度中等七选五阅读要求对英语篇章结构要有一定的了解能根据上下文信息选出段落中缺失的句子而没改革前广东卷四篇共题每篇平均字左右通常为记叙文夹叙夹议文难度降低细节题偏多其中新增新题型七选五题型二考点与重难点详细分析一英语阅读理解题是高考英语试卷中所占分值最高难度最大的一个题目把握好阅读理解题的命题原则选择好合适的阅读材料就会少走弯路达到事半功倍的效果巧熟悉英美国家的语言文化背景采用科学合理有效的阅读方法进行广泛阅读这对于正确理解短文是非常必要的二阅读理解题型分析阅读理解体裁上分为记叙文描写文说明文应

44、用文论述文等题材广泛包括科普社会文化政治经济等多方A.b-a-c-d B.a-c-b-d C.c-a-d-b D.b-c-a-d 23.After getting out of the chained door,the author might feel _.A.inspired B.relieved C.surprised D.disappointed 24.From the passage,we can learn that the author was probably a boy full of _.A.passions B.dreams C.curiosity D.imaginati

45、on B Evening Workshops Optional evening workshops will be held at small restaurants or other meeting places near the conference hotel.Meals and other costs are not included but are also optional.Locations will be announced at the conference site.Workshops are very loosely organized and most represen

46、t discussions that have been held at Society for Economic Botany(SEB)meetings over a series of years.Workshop 1:Student Network Date Wednesday evening,Feb.5th Chairs Hugo de Boer and Arika Virapongse Sponsor Society for Economic Botany Description Student members of the SEB hold a networking mixer e

47、ach year in order to meet each other and to become familiar with a variety of educational programs and faculty advisors(大学指导老师).Faculty members who are part of training programs are encouraged to join the mixer to meet and talk with students.Workshop 2:Botanical Film Making Date Wednesday evening,Fe

48、b.5th Chair David Strauch Sponsor University of Hawaii Description Digital film making is a particularly useful tool of linking cultural information to recognizable plants.This workshop is aimed towards increasing the quality of material recorded by giving participants greater control over the mediu

49、m.和广东卷相比少了题和广东卷一样主要考察细节题猜词题推断题难度中等七选五阅读要求对英语篇章结构要有一定的了解能根据上下文信息选出段落中缺失的句子而没改革前广东卷四篇共题每篇平均字左右通常为记叙文夹叙夹议文难度降低细节题偏多其中新增新题型七选五题型二考点与重难点详细分析一英语阅读理解题是高考英语试卷中所占分值最高难度最大的一个题目把握好阅读理解题的命题原则选择好合适的阅读材料就会少走弯路达到事半功倍的效果巧熟悉英美国家的语言文化背景采用科学合理有效的阅读方法进行广泛阅读这对于正确理解短文是非常必要的二阅读理解题型分析阅读理解体裁上分为记叙文描写文说明文应用文论述文等题材广泛包括科普社会文化政治

50、经济等多方We will cover technical aspects(e.g.camera settings,audio),technical aspects(framing,lighting,focus),and some ways of presenting the material.Experienced filmmakers are encouraged to attend,and participants are welcome to bring their own camera equipment.Workshop 3:Collections for Botany Collec