高中英语新人教版必修三Unit 5语法汇总（过去将来时+情态动词）.docx

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1、高中英语必修三Unit 5语法汇总一、过去将来时1.过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用在宾语从句中。 一*般由，ould/should+动词原形”构成。*She hoped thatthey would meet again someday.她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。*1 rang up to tellmy father that I should leave for London.我打电话告诉我父亲我要去伦敦。2. was/were goingto+动词原形:表示过去将要发生或很有可能发生的动作,常用于口语中,表 示预言、意图或者打算等。*He was go

2、ing tostart work the following week.他打算下星期开始工作。*-Al ice, whydidn, t you come yesterday?一一爱丽丝，你昨天为什么没来呀？I was going to,but I had an unexpected visitor.一我打算去的，但我家来了个不速之客。_3. start, go, come, leave, see, meet等动词的过去进行时：表示就过去某一时刻而言即将 发生的动作。一*She was cominglater.她随后就来。*1 had just put onmy overcoat and was

3、 leaving to visit a friend of mine.我刚穿上外套要去看我的一个朋友。4. was/were aboutto do:常用来表示即将发生的动作，“刚要/正要做”。注意该结构 不与任何时间状语连用。*1 felt thatsomething terrible was about to happen.我感到某种可怕的事情即将发生。*We were about togo there when it began to rain.我们刚打算去那儿,这时天下起了雨。5. was/were to do:表示“曾计划做某事”，如果表示“本来计划做某事，动作没实现”，则需 用 ww

4、as/were to have done” 。*She said she wasto have told me about the accident.她说她本来想告诉我关于事故的事。*Hc said he was tomeet his friend at the station at 4 p. m.他说他下午四点去车站接他的朋友。随堂运用用所给动词的适当形式完成句子(l)She said thebus (leave)at five the next morning.(2)I wasn t surewhether he (lend)me his book the next morning.(3)

5、At that time hedid not know that quitting the job(become) the turningpoint inhis life.(4)He said he(visit) China the next week.(5) In hisintroduction, he made it clear that our credits (be) hard-earned.1. Was leaving2. would lend3. Wasto become4. wasgoing to visit5. Wouldbe二、情态动词(一)may/might1 .表示请求或

6、允许,might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。对may的一般疑问 句的肯定回答可用may或can,但作否定回答时要用mustn t或can to*You may come ifyou wish.如果你想来，你就来。*May(Might)I askfor a photo of your baby?我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？*May I smokehere?一No, youmustn, t. You d better not.一一我可以在这里吸烟吗？不，不可以。你最好不要吸烟。2 .表示可能。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气不肯定。*The crowds mightdama

7、ge the beauty of the place.人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。*She may not knowabout it.她可能不知道这件事。3 .用于表祝愿的句子中。*May both thebride and groom have long and happy lives.祝新娘新郎幸福长寿。【随堂训练】(1)-Are you goingto her party?I m notsure. I stay home and help mybrother with hishomework.(2) you have ahappy weekend.Mightmay(二)can/could

8、1 .表示能力,can表示现在的能力,could主要指过去的能力。* You can tel 1 thesignificance of climate change to us.你可以告诉我们气候变化的重要意义。* 1 had hoped tosend Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn t manage it.我本来希望送给彼得一件礼物祝贺他结婚，但没有做到。【易错精点】can表示能力的时候,还可以用beable to代替,表示后来通过努力终于做成了某事。* He was a goodswimmer s

9、o he was able to swim to the riverbank when the boat sank.他是一个很擅长游泳的人,所以当船下沉时,他能够游到河岸上。2 .表示请求或许可。当请求允许做某事时,两者均可用，但用could语气更委婉。当表示允许某人做某事时，-般要 用can,而不用couldo*一Can/Could I useyour bike tomorrow morning?Yes, you can. /No, I in afraid not.我明天早晨能用你的自行车吗？一一是的,可以。/不，恐怕不行。*You can go withthem if you like.如

10、果你愿意的话,可以和他们一起去。3 .表示推测。can表推测时一般用于否定句和疑问句中（could 一般无此限制）。表示对过去发生的行为怀疑 或不肯定时，常用“can/could+have+过去分词”的否定或疑问形式。*It can, t/couldn, tbe true.那不可能是真的。*Can/Could he haveheard the news?他听说过这个消息了吗？4 .表示客观的、一时的情况,意思是“有时候会”。*The weather inShanghai can/could be very cold in winter.|-海攵季 可 能 很 冷5 .表亲惊异、怀疑，不相信的态

11、度（主要用在否定句、疑问句或感叹句中）。*How can you be socareless!你怎么那么粗心呀！【随堂训练】选词填空 can, could, be able to（l）My grandma iswell over eighty, but shereadwithout glasses.（2）Being a wiseperson, he finally find the place.（3）The cheatersaid that he turn stone into gold.CanWas able toCould（三）must/haveto1. must表示必须，没有时态变化。强

12、调的是一种主观看法，也表示责任或义务。haveto表示 “必须，不得不”，是由于某种外界（客观）原因而“必须，不得不”做某事。mustn t表示禁止做 某事;have to的否定形式表示“不必”。haveto可用于多种时态中。*1 work notbccausc I have to, but because I wantto.我工作不是因为我不得不做,而是因为我想做。（客观上需要做这件事）You must keepthese points in mind while setting your goals.在设定目标时，你必须牢记这些要点。（主观上要做这件事）【易错精点】回答must引出的疑问句

13、时，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustn t,而要用needn t或 don thave too*一Must we hand inour exercise books now?一Yes, you must. （No, you needn t. /No, you don, t have to.）我们现在就必须要交练习本吗？一一是的，必须。（不,不必。）2. must表示猜测。意为“想必,准是,一定”，只用于肯定句。*The book must bethe one you want.这本书一定是你要的那本。*She s wearing adiamond necklace. She must have

14、 a lot ofmoney.她戴着钻石项链,她一定很有钱。3. must还可表示“偏要”。表示说话人不耐烦、不满的情绪。*Why must it rainon Sunday?为什么偏要在星期天下雨？【随堂运用】用适当的情态动词填空（l）My sister isill; my mother look after her.There s a lotof noise from next door. They behaving a party.（3）-Must I returnall the books in three days?一Yes, you . （No, you .）（4）If you g

15、o, at least wait until the stormis over.Has toMustMust;needn, t/don, thave toMust（四）should1 .表示义务、责任，意为“应该”，用于各种人称。*Students shouldhave a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college toattend.在考虑上哪所大学之前,学生应该对大学有一个正确的态度。*You should bepolite to your teachers.你对老师应该有礼貌。2 .表示可能性很大

16、的猜测，说明说话人对客观事物的真实性作出较大可能的判断,意为“想必 一定，照说应该,估计”等。*The film shouldbe very good as it is starring first-class actors.这部电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。3 .表示说话人的惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感，意为“居然，竟然”。*Amazing! Youshould wear slippers at work.真令人惊讶，你竟然穿着拖鞋上班！【随堂运用】（l）Such a cleverboy fail the exam.（2）We obeythe school rules and work

17、hard.It s alreadylO. She promised to come by 10.She be here at any moment.（五）shall1 .表示征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。*Shall I get yousome more tea?再来点茶好吗？*Shal1 the boywait outside?让那男孩在外面等吗？2 .表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。*You shall come ontime.你必须准时到。（命令）*He shall have thebook when I finish reading

18、 it.我读完这本书就给他。（允诺）Nothing shal1 stop us from carrying out this plan.没有什么事情能阻止我们实施这项计划。（决心）*No reader shallremove a book from the library without permission.未经许可,读者不准把书带出图竹馆。（警告）3 .表示强制，用于法令、条约、规章中，意为“必须;应该”。*0ne of our rulesis that every student shall wear school uniform while at school.我们规定中的其中一项是:

19、每位学生在校期间都要穿校服。*Each part shalIrespect the articles of this contract.任何一方都要尊重合同的条款。【随堂运用】写出下列句中shall的含义(1)You shall failif you don, t work harder.()(2)You shall getan answer from me tomorrow.()(3)You shall bepunished for what you ve done.()(4)Shall I watchTV for a while? ()(六)need1 .用作情态动词,need意为“需要,

20、有必要，一般用于否定句或疑问句中。 疑问句中把need提前，否定形式是在need后加not。*You needn, t comehere this afternoon.你今天下午不必来。2 .用作实意动词,意为“需要，有必要”，可以用于各种句式中。*You don t need togo now.你不必现在就走。* 1 need to have arest.我需要休息一下。* Do we need tofinish all the work today?我们今天需要完成所有的工作吗？【随堂运用】(1)Must I stayhere? 一No, you.(2)You not betold twi

21、ce about one single thing. Needn, t need(七)will/wouldI.表示意志或意愿。win指现在,would指过去，用于否定句表示“不肯，不乐意”。* 1 will never dothat again.我决不会再做那种事了。2.表示征求意见或提出请求。主要用于第二人称疑问句中,will和would均可用,would此时 不表示过去,而是表示委婉语气。*Wi11/Would youpass me the book?请你把书递给我好吗？3. win和would可分别表示现在和过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，意为“总是;常常”。*Fish will diewithout water.没有水，鱼会死去。*When my parentswere away, my grandmother would takecare of me. 我父母外出的时候，总是祖母照看我。*1 would be happyto wear traditional Chinese clothes at the welcome ceremony. 我很乐意在欢迎仪式上穿中国传统服装。