初中英语人教版八年级下册重点语法详解（ Unit 1-6）.docx

《初中英语人教版八年级下册重点语法详解（ Unit 1-6）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《初中英语人教版八年级下册重点语法详解（ Unit 1-6）.docx（17页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、八年级英语下册重点语法详解Unit 1Irene Irene中英文天地2023-03-16 12:19发表于广东1. have / get / catch a（n）+疾病名称，表示患某种疾病。e. g. I have / get / catch a cold.我感冒了。【拓展】have a bad cold重感冒have a fever 发烧have a headache 头痛have a stomachache 肚子痛，胃痛have a toothache 牙痛have a backache 背痛2. lie down 躺下e.g.You had better lie down and ha

2、ve a rest.你最好躺下休息。3. have a rest = take a rest = rest 休息have a break=have breaks=take a break=take breaks （课间）休息4. away from离开；与有一定的距离（与不同动词搭配，意思会受上下文影响）e. g. They live away from us.他们住的地方离我们远。5. see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事e. g. When I pass the window I see him drawing a picture. 当我经过窗户时，看到他正在画画。see

3、 sb. do sth.看见某人做过某事e.g.I often see him draw pictures.我经常看到他在画画。6. think twice认真思考，权衡利弊e. g. We must think twice before we make this decision.我们在做决定之前应该权衡利弊。7. to one, s surprise使惊讶的是，出乎意料e.g.To their surprise, all the students pass the exam.令他们惊讶的是，所有学生都通过考试了。8. in surprise 吃惊地e.g.Rose looked at me

4、 in surprise.Rose惊讶地看着我。9. thanks to someone/something 多亏，因为，由于e. g.Today, thanks to the internet, you can do all your shopping from home. 现在多亏了因特网，你可以在家购物。10. thanks for （doing） sth.为（做）某事感谢e.g.Thanks for helping me / your help.感谢你的帮助。thank sb. for doing sth.e.g.You should thank her for helping you

5、. 你应该谢谢她帮了你。offer to do sth,主动提出做某事e. g. She offered me a cup of tea.=She offered a cup of tea to me.她给我端了杯茶。He offered to go instead of me.他主动提出代替我去。一7. communicate with sb.与某人交流e.g.Li Mei can easily communicate with foreigners in English.李梅可以用英语和外国人轻松交流。8. explain + that / what / why 等从句explain st

6、h. （to sb.）（向某人）解释某事e. g. Can you explain what this means?你能解释一下这是什么意思吗？Please explain it to me.请你向我解释一下吧。9. return 归还=give* backe.g.You must return these books and magazines in a week.你必须在一周之内归还这些书籍和杂志。return 回来二come/go backe. g. He returned to school at 11:00 yesterday evening.他昨天晚上11点才回去学校。10. an

7、ymore adv.再也（不）；（不）再（常用于否定句和疑问句末）e. g. Nick doesnt live here anymore.二Nick no more lives here.Nick不再住在这里了。11. so that以便，为了，使能够。引导目的状语从句二in order that从句中常用情态动词 may/might, can/could, should, would 连用。e. g. They got up early so that they could catch the early bus.为了能赶上早班车，他们早早就起床了。sothat如止匕以至于。引导结果状语从句

8、。so后面加形容词或副词。e. g. He was so weak that he could hardly stand up.他身体虚弱得几乎站不起来了。12. 在英语中although / though不能和but同时出现在一个句子中，但它们之间可进行句型 转换。e.g. Although / Though the weather is sunny, I feel cold.I feel cold although / though the weather is sunny.虽然天气晴朗，我却感到冷。Although / Though it is raining, they are sti

9、ll playing outside.=It is raining, but they are still playing outside.虽然下着雨，他们还是在外面玩。13. until常用于否定句中，构成“notuntil”短语，“直到才”，不到 不。until也可用在肯定句中，表示句子的动作一直持续到until短语所表示的时间为止，即 表示动作的终点。一般可译为“直到时（为止）”或“在以前”。在这种用法中句子的谓 语动词必须是持续动词（非瞬间动词）。e. g. He didn t go home until 12:00 last night, （go 是瞬间动词）他昨晚直到12点才回家。

10、We must wait until 7 p. m. （wait 是持续动词）io我们必须等到晚上7点。_14. compete with与进行竞争e. g. We hope to compete with that team.我们希望与那个队竞争。compete for 为竞争e. g. Scientists now have to compete forfunding, and do not share information among themselves.科学家们现在为了资金不得不相互竞争，互相之间也不会共享信息。15. cut out删除；删去e. g. I cut out one

11、 paragraph in this article.我删除了这篇文章的一个段落。【拓展】cut down 削减；砍倒cut off切断，使电话中断；隔绝cut up切碎16. continue to do sth.继续做某事（表示继续做不同的事情，继续做其他的事）e. g. She continued to work after she had her baby.她生孩子后继续工作。continue doing sth,继续做某事（表示继续做同一件事，继续做刚才的事）He picked up his book and continued reading.他拿起书，继续读。17. compar

12、e. . . with-*把和比较（常同类相比，比较）compare. to.把比作（常异类相比，比喻）e.g.And they are always comparing them with other children.他们总是拿自己的孩子去和别人家的孩子相比。Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.莎士比亚把世界比作一个舞台。18. too much太多修饰不可数名词too many太多修饰可数名词复数much too太，非常修饰形容词e.g.There is too much meat in the fridge.冰箱里有太多肉了。We hav

13、e too manyways to relax in our free time.我们空闲时间有很多方式可以放松。Though he has many friends, he always feels much too lonely.虽然他有很多朋友，他却总是感到太孤单。Unit 51. begin to do sth. /begin doing sth.一般情况下，两者可以替换使用。e. g. He began playing/to play the basketball when he was six.他六岁开始打篮球。但有以下几种情况不能替换使用：1）在begin的进行时后,只能跟to

14、do,不能用doing;e.g.She is beginningto do her homework.她在开始做她的家庭作业了。2）主语不是指人，而是指物，如天气等，只能用to do;11e. g. It began to rain.天开始下雨了。3)后跟表示心理活动或感情的动词，像“know, understand, believe, wonder, think”等，只 能用to do;e.g.She began to understand what he said.她开始理解他所说的。4)语境不同，begin doing 一般有正在做的意思，begin to do一般有正准备做的意思。e.

15、 g. He stops talking and begins to eat.他停止了讲话并开始吃东西。【拓展】begin with 以开始e. g. The word “cat” begins with the letter “c” .单词cat以字母c开头。2. pick up1)捡起；拾起e. g. Please pick up all these pieces of paper.请把纸都捡起来。2)(开车)接人；搭载e. g. Who will pick the children up after school?谁去接放学的孩子？3. while表示“当的时候”，强调在某事发生或进行期

16、间，指某一时间段，所引导的从 句中谓语动词通常是延续性动词。e.g.They arrived whi1ewe were having dinner.他们来时我们正在吃饭。when 当的时候”，其引导的从句谓语动词既可为短暂性动词也可是延续性动词。e. g. When he saw me, he said “hello to me.当他看到我时，他跟我说“你好二while引导的从句还可表示从句的动作正在进行的同时，主句的动作也在进行之中。e. g. While we were watching TV, Mary was playing with the dog.当我们在看电视时，玛丽正在跟狗玩。

17、4. make sb. /sth. + adj.使(让)某人 / 某物make sb. do sth.使某人做某事e.g.Loud music makes me nervous.吵闹的音乐使我紧张。Loud music makes me feel nervous.吵闹的音乐使我感到紧张。5. make sure (that) 确保；保证make sure of (doing) sth.确保； 肯定e. g. I wanted to make sure (that) you were all right.我想确认一下你是否没事。We arrived early to make sure of g

18、etting a good seat.我们很早就到了，以确保有个好座位。6. beat “战胜；赢得”，宾语常常是比赛、战斗的对手。win “战胜；赢得”，宾语常常是 表物的比赛、战斗、战争、奖金、奖品、金钱、名次等。e. g. Simon always beats me at tennis.Simon在网球方面总是打败我。Who do you think will win the next game?你认为谁会赢得下一场比赛？7. against prep.12倚；碰；撞e.g.The old woman is standing against the door.这个老妇人正倚门站着。反对；

19、与相反；违反e. g. Are you for or against his decision? 对他的决定，你是支持还是反对？8. die down逐渐变弱；逐渐消失e. g. When the excitement died down, Mary fell asleep soon. 当兴奋过后，Mary很快睡着了。【拓展】与down相关的短语：cut down fall down lie down turn down write down砍倒突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌躺下调低/关小音量；拒绝写下；记录下9. in silence 沉默；无声e.g.They hugged each other i

20、n silence for a long time.他们默默地拥抱了彼此很长时间。keep/stay silent 保持沉默e. g. Ask her to continue and you stay silent.让她继续，你保持沉默。10. take down摧毁，毁掉；记下，写下；拿下，取下egThey re talking about how to take that wall down.他们在讨论如何拆除那堵墙。All the pupils took down the speech.所有的学生都把那篇演讲记下来了。Did he take down the blue flag?他把蓝旗

21、子取下来了吗？11. remember doing sth记得曾经做过某事（已做）remember to do sth.记得要去做某事（还未做）类似用法：forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（已做）forget to do sth.忘记做某事（还未做）e. g. I remembered turning off the lights when I left the room.当我离开房间的时候，我记得我关灯了。Remember to turn off the lights when you leave the room.在你离开房间之前，记得把灯关了。12. the rest of+

22、名词 剩余部分”作主语时，谓语动词的数应与of后的名称的数保持一致。e. g. The rest of the meat in the fridge is bad. 冰箱里剩下的肉坏掉了。The rest of the students in the 教室里剩下的学生都在写作业。classroom are doing their homework.Unit 61. be weak at / on / in sth.在某方面弱 e. g. Jack is weak at/on/in math.Jack数学不好。132. remind sb. of sb. / sth.使某人想起某人/某事e. g

23、. The building reminded me of my old school.这幢建筑物让我想起我的旧学校。remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事e.g.Remind me to take my medicine tomorrow.明天提醒我吃药。remind sb. （that）.提醒某人；使某人想起e. g. That reminds me that I must write to him.那让我想起我得给他写信。3. a little bit有点儿；稍微,可用来修饰形容词、副词或动词，相当于a little和a bit。 但当修饰不可数名词时，a little

24、 bit和a bit需要加上介词of,即“a little bit of / a bit of+不可数名词”，而a little则可以直接修饰，即“a不可数名词”。e.g.He is a little bit/a little/a bit taller than me.他比我高点。Add a little/a little bit of sugar to the cup of coffee.给那杯咖啡加点糖。4. instead of 代替，反而（其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式等）e.g.You can go instead of me, if you want.如果你想要的话，你可以代

25、替我去。Tom is doing his homework instead of watching TV.汤姆不是在看电视，而是在看电视。My father goes to work by car instead of by bus.我爸爸开车去工作，而不是搭公车。instead adv.代替；反而（在句中作状语。它可位于句尾，也可位于句首）含有instead的句子有时可以与含有instead of的句子相互转换。e. g. We didn t go for a picnic yesterday. Instead, we went rowing.昨天我们没有去野餐，相反地，我们去划船。=We

26、went rowing yesterday instead of going for a picnic.5. turninto 变成e. g. Can you change one letter in each word to turn it into a new word?你能把每个单词中的一个字母变成新的单词吗？【拓展】turn in上交turn out结果是turn on 打开turn off 关闭turn down 关小；调低（音量）turn up 开大；调高（音量）turn over 翻转6. excited 激动的；兴奋的”。作表语时，主语通常是人；作定语时，常用来修饰人。exci

27、ting “激动人心的”。作表语时，主语通常是物；作定语时，常用来修饰物。e.g.The excited students sang and danced.激动的学生们又唱又跳。My sister told me some exciting news just now.刚刚我姐姐告诉我一些激动人心的消息。7. unless conj.如果不；除非（引导条件状语从句,相当于ifnot）如果主句用一般将来时或主句的谓语部分含有情态动词，那么unless引导的从句常用一般现 在时。unless引导的从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，从句位于主句之前时，常用逗14号将其与主句隔开。e. g. U

28、nless you go with me, I won t go there.=1 won t go there unless you go with me.=If you don t go with me, I won t go there.如果你不跟我去，我就不去那里。8. as soon as 就 用来引导时间状语从句如果主句用一般将来时或主句的谓语部分含有情态动词，那么as soon as引导的从句常用一 般现在时。as soon as引导的从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，从句位于主句之前时, 常用逗号将其与主句隔开。e. g. I will go to your home a

29、s soon as the school finishes.=As soon as the school finishes, I will go to your home.一放学我就回家。9. what引导的感叹句结构What + a / an +形容词+可数名词的单数（+主语+谓语）！What +形容词+可数名词的复数（+主语+谓语）！What +形容词+不可数名词（+主语+谓语）！e. g. What a cute dog （it is） !What strange clothes （he was wearing）.What bad weather （we re having）!how引导

30、的感叹句结构How +形容词/副词（+主语+谓语）+其他！e.g.How dirty that child is!How well he plays the violin!【提示】一般情况下，以what和how引导的感叹句可以相互转换。e. g. What a lovely girl Amy is!= How lovely Amy is!10. so- that-如此以至于，引导结果状语从句so + adj. /adv. + thatso + adj. + a/an +可数名词单数形式+ that从句e. g. F m so interested in the job that I will

31、try to get it.我对那份工作如果感兴趣，我会尽力拿到它。He is so kind a boy that we all like him.他是如此好心的一个男孩，我们都喜欢他。11. such.that.如此以至于such + a / an +形容词+可数名词单数+ that .such +形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+ that such . . . that.结构和so .that .结构通常可以互相转换。e. g.They are such difficult problems that nobody can work them out.他们是如此难的题，以致于没人解得出

32、。The problems are so difficult that nobody can work them out.题是如此的难，以致于没人解得出。12. whole adj.全部的；整体的通常修饰可数名词单数，一般放在冠词（a, the）、物主代词、指示代词等限定词之后。e.g. the whole book, my whole life, that whole dayall adj.所有的;全部的通常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，一般放在冠词（the）、物主代词、指示代词等限定词 之前。e. g. all the bread, all my books, all that after

33、noon13.英语中，大部分形容词作定语修饰名词时应前置，短语或句子作定语修饰名词时则后置。15e. g. the young people in the room 屋子里的年轻人14. enough adj.足够的；充分的，修饰不可数名词，也修饰可数名词的复数形式。enough可 位于名词前或后。修饰形容词或副词时，enough位于所修饰词后。e. g. We have enough money / money enough to buy a car.我们有足够的钱买一辆汽车。Do you have enough books / books enough for the kids? 你有足够

34、的书给孩子们吗？The house is big enough for us.这座房子对我们来说足够大。1611. get sb. into trouble使某人陷入困境be in trouble 有烦事、有困难have trouble in doing sth.做某事有困难e. g. If you do, you might get me into trouble.如果你这样做，你可能会让我陷入困境。He never came except when he was in trouble.他只有遇到麻烦才会来.Do you have much trouble in finding the ho

35、use?你在找那房子过程遇到困难吗？12. hit sb. +介词+the+身体部位：打某人某部位e. g. hit sb. in the face/eyehit sb.on the head/ back .拓展：hit sb. /sth. with sth.用某物击/打某人/某物 e.g. The boy hit him with a baseball.那个男孩用棒球打他。13. right away 立亥U；马上=in a minute=at oncee.g. F 11 be there right away/in a minute/at once.我马上到那儿。14. be/get us

36、ed to sth. /doing sth习，惯于e. g. He is used to falling asleep （入睡） with such noises around him. 他习惯在周围有噪音时入睡。【拓展】used to be 过去是used to do sth.过去常做某事be used to do sth. /for doing sth.被用来做e. g. He used to be a driver.（现在不是） 他过去是个司机。He used to get up at 10:00 a. m.他过去经常在早上10点起床。Knives can be used to cut

37、fruit, /for cutting fruit. 刀子可以用来切水果。15. have problems doing sth.做某事困难 e.g. The boy had problems breathing. 那个男孩呼吸困难。16. take a risk/risks 冒险take the risk of冒着的风险risk doing sth.冒险做某事（risk在这里作为动词）take a risk doing sth.冒险做某事（risk在这里作为名词）17. run out被用完，被耗尽run out of用完，用光e. g. Last week, my money ran ou

38、t.我的钱上周用完了。They ran out of fresh water yesterday.昨天他们淡水用完了。17. cut off切除；停掉；中断e.g. He decided to cut off his beard.他决定要剃去他的胡须。The earthquake cut off our water supply.地震断了我们的水资源供应。【拓展】cut up切碎 cut down砍倒18. between a rock and a hard place在艰难或危险的处境下从两难中进行选择，左右为难; 进退两难e. g. If I take the bus to the cin

39、ema, I 11 be late for the film, but if 1 drive, I 11 have no place to park, I m really caught between a rock and a hard place.如果我搭公车去电影院，我就会迟到，但如果我开车，我就找不到地方停车，真是进退两难。19. mean doing sth.意味着做某事mean to do sth.打算/意欲去做某事 e. g. I didn t mean to upset you. 我并不是要让你不高兴。My new job will mean travelling all ov

40、er the world.我的新工作需要在世界各地到处跑。20. make a decision / make one, s decision 做决定 decide to do sth. /make a decision to do sth. 决定做某事 e. g. Tina decided to go to Rome for her holidays.=Tina made a decision to go to Rome for her holidays.Tina决定去罗马度假。21. get on 上车 get off 下车22. get into 陷入e.g.The business w

41、ent worse and worse and soon he got into debt.生意越来越糟，很快他负债累累。23. get out of离开，从出来e. g. I need to get out of the traffic jam.我需要从这拥堵的交通解脱出来。24. be in control of 掌管，管理e.g.He is in control of the big company.他掌管着这家大公司。25. give up sth./ doing sth.e.g.He gave up his chance to America.他放弃去美国的机会。He gave up

42、 smoking.他放弃抽烟。26. expect sb. to do sth.期待某人做某事/预料某人做某事e. g. He expected most of the passengers to get off. 他以为大多数乘客会下车。27. wait for sb. /sth. /doing sth.等待某人/某物/做某事28. in time 及时 on time 准时29. think about sth. / doing sth.考虑某事/做某事 e.g.He is thinking about doing something else.他考虑做点别的。_30. because o

43、f +名词/名词短语 由于 because of+句子e. g. Because of the rain, he didin t go to the cinema.由于这场雨，他没去电影院。Because it rained, he didn t go to the cinema.因为下雨了，他没去电影院。31. be ready to do sth.准备好做某事be ready for sth. /doing sth.为某事/做某事做好准备e.g.He is ready to do some research.他准备做些研究。He is ready for the exam/taking t

44、he exam.他在为考试做准备。32. so+形容词/副词+that从句（结果状语从句）e. g. He was so tired that he wanted to have a rest at once.他如此累，很想马上休息会。Unit 21. hope to do sth.希望做某事hope + that从句（that可省略）e.g.I hope that I can pass the exam.=I hope to pass the exam.我希望可以通过考试。【拓展】常见的“动词+t。do sth.结构有:agree to do sth.同意做某事decide to do st

45、h.决定做某事refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事remember to do sth.记得做某事forget to do sth.忘记做某事try to do sth.尽力做某事want to do sth.想要做某事2. clean up打扫（或清除）干净当宾语是名词时，可位于clean和up之间，也可位于clean up之后；当宾语是代词时，只 能位于clean和up之间。e. g.They began to clean up the classroom /clean the classroom up after the class. 他们下课后开始打扫教室。The classr

46、oom is dirty.You need to clean it up.教室很脏，你需要打扫打扫。类似短语（用法同clean up 一样）：cheer up （使）变得更高兴；振奋起来give out分发；散发hand out 分发give away捐赠；赠给give up放弃give back 归还put off推迟call up打电话给（某人）；征召fix up修理；安装set up建起；设立3. come up with 想出；提出（主意、计划、回答等）e.g.I hope you can come up with a better plan than this.我希望你能想出比这个更好的计划。4. notice sth. /sb.注意到某事/某人notice sb. do sth.注意到某人做了某事notice sb. doing sth.注意到某人正在做某事e. g. Sorry, I didn，t notice you.抱歉，没有注意到你。Did you notice him leaving the