02 2023年高考英语完形填空解题技巧(新高考专用.解析版).docx
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1、2023年高考英语完型填空高分技巧(解析版)目录(解析版)1一、解题核心思维:2二、单词不认识怎么办? 31、文中单词不认识32、题干上的单词不认识3训练两个习惯4三、词性解题法41、动词题42、名词题73、形容词、副词94、连词题105、短语题14四、篇章结构解题法161、文章U型结构解题162、分段首句出题173、议论文和说明文(首段为文章中心)174、记叙文:花朵文(传播主旋律、价值观、正能量)18五、特殊句型解题法24主系表结构解名词和形容词题24宾补解形容词题25被动句解动词题25六、答案检查大法251、答案均分规律252、答案相连概率255、反义选项二选一26七、高考真题27【解析
2、】考查形容词。根据句意,在春季训练结束后老队伍对垒新队伍是这个学校的传统。 由第三段第三行Being the coach of the new team可知应选D。注意:感情色彩的方法同样适用于某些特殊的名词题,这些名词通常由形容词转化而来。如 happiness, sadnessexcitement 等。【例4】全国三卷In her _48_, she didnt seem to realize that she was sharing the babys photos with a complete stranger.A. opinionB. anxietyC. excitementD.
3、effort【解析】根据上文overjoyed grandmother可知,当了祖母的Teresa非常激动,因此excitement 符合语境。故选C。4、连词题(1)两种考法:考察连词(填连词)。第1步:翻译上句,翻译下句。第2步:|判断上下句一致or相反。(思考顺序:转折和递进,一因果,一并列)文章中给连词。(可用该连词题来解动词,名词等)第1步:|判断连词的一致性或相反性。第2步:在相应的关系下,进行选择。(2)连词的两种关系转折关系1 . although though even though even if whilebut yet however whereas但是 still 仍
4、然 as钱包丢了,但是我很高兴二钱包丢了,我still很高兴。2 . unless(除非)你考不上大学,除非你好好学习。3 .祈使句+or (否则) 好好学习,你考不上大学,4 .时间先后提示逻辑上的相反关系before after不好好学习,我考上了好大学。你不能从图书馆借书,你有图书卡。(unless, after)5 . rather than(而不是)我们喜欢好学生,坏学生。6 . adj. adv. ing/ ed +as+主语 + 系动词 (Young as he is.虽然他很年轻)最容易错误的几个关系。1 instead:一致关系上下句含有反义词的一致关系。赵老师没有放弃,赵老
5、师更加努力。2 in fact事实上:一致or相反赵老师没有放弃,赵老师更加努力。(一致)赵老师很难看,他没有那么难看。(相反)关于and与butA and Band连接句子,是一致关系,着重考虑两个动词的顺序感。近义和反义词)and前后是单词或短语,可以是一致,也可以是相反(同义、 【举例】探讨一下手机的利and弊,/得and失but前后一定相反关系。但是需要填的词,可能是可能是同义,可能是反义。原句:小王养金鱼,但是(but)小李不养金鱼。题1:小王养金鱼,但是(but)小李 o(填入的“不养金鱼”和“养金鱼”相反)题2:小王养金鱼,但是(but) 不养金鱼。(填入的“小李”和“小王”相近
6、)【例1】北京卷She had an unpleasant voice and a direct way of speaking, she was encouraging andinspiring.A.andB.yet C.so D.for【解析】考察连词及句子理解。前面unpleasant voice和direct way of speaking是消极意向, 后面encouraging和inspiring是积极意向,因此需填转折连词,四个选项中A表并列,C表结果, D表原因,只有B选项yet表转折。【例2】全国卷I soon realized that the silence was not
7、 unpleasant. 58 if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less.A.LastlyB.ThusC.InsteadD.However【解析】考查连词辨析及语境理解。A.Lastly最后,B.Thus因此,C Instead代替的是,D. However然而。根据上下午文意思,instead和was not unpleasant对应。不是不开心的,而 是有帮助的。故选C。【例3】辽宁卷Then I told her about the business meeting.47, my explan
8、ation seemed to make things worse, which started to drive me mad as well.A.HoweverB. ThereforeC. MoreoverD. Otherwise【解析】A考查副词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是:A.然而,B.因此,C.还有,D.否则,根 据下文的内容,my explanation seemed to make things worse,作者的解释让事情更糟,所以和 前面的句子是转折关系,所以选A。【例4】新课标I thought to myself, how even without an arm he wa
9、s more of a leader. Damaged but not defeated, he was 38 ahead of me.A.stillB. also C. yetD. just【解析】考查副词辨析。“我心想,没有手臂,他更像个领袖Jstill仍然;also也;yet然而、 还没;just刚刚、仅仅。Damaged but not defeated, Miller虽然受伤了,但不会被打败,作者 认为Miller仍然是最强的,故选A。【例5】全国三卷When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknow
10、n person, we usually say sorry, wrong number! ” and move on. But when Dennis Williams _42_ a text that clearly wasnt intended for him, he did something _43_.42.A. receivedB. translatedC. copiedD. printed【解析】根据文章下文Dennis got a group text可知,丹尼斯收到了一条群发短信,receive 与get在此意思相同。故选A。例6天津卷Now I may still not
11、be the most 18, social person, but Fve become better at oralpresentations. I 19 read my poetry out loud at a reading club.A.seriousB.outgoingC.nervousD. hardworking【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据文章,现在我的性格可能不是最为外向的那个,因此用 outgoing【例7全国一Yet instead of being discouraged by my 54 progress,! was excited.A. slow B. steadyC
12、. normal D. obvious【解析】考查形容词辨析及语境理解。A. Slow慢的,B. Steady稳定的,C. Normal正常的, D.Obvious明显的。根据上文作者仅仅学会对手语字母表打手势,因此是缓慢的进步,故选Ao【例8】天津卷That summer, When the other teams enjoyed their vacations , we met every day and28passing and kicking the football.28. A. riskedB. missedC. consideredD. practiced【解析】考查动词。根据句
13、意,我们每天都聚集在一起并且练习传球和踢球。A冒险,B错过,思念,C考虑,认为,D练习。因此选D。例9天津卷I felt that it would be a _31_for us even if we lost the game.A. shame B. burdenC. victoryD. favor【解析】考查名词。根据句意,最终我们遇到了这个州的第一名。我觉得即使我们输掉了比 赛,对我们而言也是一个胜利。A羞愧,B负担,C胜利,D帮助,喜好。因此选C。【例10北京卷Sometimes Id get 45and take a shot at the wrong direction-whic
14、h made me feel really stupid.A.committedB. motivated C. embarrassed D. confused【解析】考查形容词。我们看到下文中出现了 wrong和stupid这两个明显表示负态度的形 容词,因此可以排除A (坚定的)、B (有动力的)D (困惑的)都属于负面态度。根据语 境,考虑到动作的顺序,“我”应该是先感到困惑,然后投篮投错了方向,而不是先感到尴尬, 再投错方向,因此选D。5、短语题(1)短语题的定义【形式】核心理解:动词+介词/副词短语题定义:不等于两部分的简单叠加,一定要发生变化。【注意】介词/副词在动词短语中表示“方向
15、或关系”。高效率的背词组,按介词和副词来背。go to cut down不是短语题中的短语,cut up是短语,因为cut up (切碎)彳cut+up(2)解题步骤第1步:翻译空格前后的内容,猜测此处的最佳汉语意思。(穷尽原则)第2步:看各个选项中的介词or副词,看哪个副词or介词能够反映最佳汉语意思。(最起码要做到不矛盾,排除干扰选项1-2)第3步:看选项中的动词,看哪个动词能够反映最佳汉语意思。(3)必备知识:各个介词的含义(8个)带ON词组:带OFF带OUTUP持续,继续,在某方 面,关于,接触。get on (get off) put on (put off)分离,结束,开始 set
16、 off (开始动手) 为什么结束和开始, 哲学的角度:一件事 情的结束,就是另外 一件事情的开始。向外,超越, 发生,出现, 出来,开始向上,到达,出现Over结束,超越;贯穿和经历for支持;为了;持续to/ toward到达;相对against反对;相对,对应up downon offfor agaistat toover out【例1】全国1卷I idea of the classA put forward Bjump at Ctried out Dturn down第步:我产生,出现,提出,蹦出,涌现出一个想法第2步:看副词和介词:ABC可以。第3步:看动词:B选项例2北京卷At t
17、he state competition, Lola didnt fall _47_ the beam (平律木).In fact, she got an 8.1 out of 10her highest score yet.A. to B. on C. off D. against【解析】小女孩没有掉下来,而fall off意为“从.掉下来:【例3】江苏卷Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment. Their savings had been 36 to pay lawyers
18、9 fees.A. drawn up B. used up C. backed up D. kept up【解析】考查动词短语。根据上下文可知他们的钱全部用来付律师费了。used up用光、用 尽,drawn up拉起,backed up支持,kept up继续。故答案选B。例4天津卷Kate heard a mans voice in the background, but she couldnt what he was saying.A.set asideB.take back C.make out D.keep off【解析】本题考查动词词组辨析。句意:凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音,但
19、她听不清 他在说什么。set aside存储,留出“;take back”收回,拿回;make ou俨辨认出,理解,了 解”;keepofF (使)避开”。故选C。如果仅仅凭借动词就可以做出来的题目,就认为是动词题,不作为动词短语题来解答例5天津卷The old team had no coach, and they didnt even practice to 20 the game.A. cheer forB. prepare forC. help withD. finish with【解析】考查动词词组。根据句意,老队没有教练,他们甚至不练习去为这个比赛做准备。A欢呼,B准备,C帮助,D
20、结束。因此选B四、篇章结构解题法1、文章U型结构解题记叙文:两种类型U型,直线型U型:首段提出问题-中间经过困难和挫折一最后皆大欢喜或者有教育意义全国二卷(中间段)Getting a little (closer) , I realized one kayak (皮戈艇) was in _47. Somethings not _48_! ”47. A. troubleB. advanceC. questionD. battle48. A. realB. rightC. fairD. fit【解析】47题考查名词。根据后文作者出手相救,可知这只皮艇此时有危险,因此选A。48题考查形容词。因为感觉
21、有危险,因此说的是情况不对了,选B。天津卷(最后一段)A year later, I 19 my goal: I lost 150 pounds and raised $50,000! I feel that Ive been given a second life to devote to something that is 20 and enormous.19 .A. setB. reached C. missedD. dropped20 .A. stressful B. painfulC. meaningful D. peaceful【解析】19题考查动词。文中意为到达目标,应该用rea
22、ch the goal,故选B。20 题考查形容词。文中I feel that Ive been given a second life to devote to something that is and enormous11我感觉我被赋予了第二次生命来致力于有意义并且大的事情。A紧 张的,B痛苦的,C有意义的,D和平的,故C符合题意。2、分段首句出题分段首句出题,除了采用词性解题法外,还有一种选择可以采用总分对照法,即整段其他题 目做完后,再总结。【例1】全国1The following term, I 56 an ASL class. The professor was deaf and
23、 any talking was prohibited . I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant.Instead, if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less. Now, I appreciate the silence and the new way of communication it opens.56. A. missedB. passedC. gave up D. registered for【解析】考查动词辨析及语境理解。A
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