湖南省长沙市雅礼教育集团2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试试题英语（解析版）.docx

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1、湖南省长沙市雅礼教育集团2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AAre you interested in robot-science? What do you think robots are capable of? Lefs have a review of world-leading technology gathered at the World Robot Conference （WRC） 2022.Technolog

2、y in agricultureA fruit-picking robot attracted visitors9 attention. With the help of various sensors and an AI system, the robot can collect fruit according to its ripeness, quality and size. The robot first locates the fruit and then uses sensors to decide whether it is ripe, with a robotic arm pi

3、cking the fruit gently. The fruit is then categorized, ending up in a basket according to its size. It is said that more robotic technology will be used in agriculture in the future, including robots for daily inspection and weeding.Robots fighting Covid-19Medical staff conducting nucleic acid tests

4、 often find their work toilsome, especially under the summer heat. A nucleic acid test robot developed by Tsinghua University and a Chinese biotech company was presented at the WRC. It looks like a vending machine, but the robot can collect throat swabs 什式子）,process samples, as well as produce and u

5、pload the results within 45 minutes. The whole process will not require the involvement of humans or laboratories.Inventions of the youthThose visiting the exhibit also witnessed the intelligence of a new generation. Wang Zirun, a junior student at the school, designed a three-dimensional parking fa

6、cility model. Since there are usually too few parking spaces in older residential areas, Wangs work aims to fit more cars into current parking spots. The facility works like a sky wheel with six parking spots. When cars need to be picked up, the facility rotates steadily, placing the car on the grou

7、nd.1. Where is the text probably taken from?A. A travel brochure.【答案】12. C 13. D 14. D 15. B【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了在疫情下，疫苗并不能有效地阻止新冠传播，最有 效的方法还是戴上口罩，保持适当的距离。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“A vaccine is like a fire hose . A vaccine thats 95 percent effective, as Modemas and Pfizers versions appear to be, is a powerful

8、 fire hose. But the size of a fire is still a bigger determinant of how much destruction occurs4疫苗就像消防水带。就像 Moderna和Pfizer的版本一样，这种具有95%效力的疫苗是一种强大的消防水带。但是，火 的大小仍是更大程度地决定发生多少破坏的决定因素）“可知，作者将新冠疫苗比作消防水带, 引出疫情的影响并不是由疫苗所控制的。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“There is one positive way to look at this: Measures that

9、reduce the viruss spread-like mask-wearing, social distancing and rapid-result testing-can still have great consequences. They can save more than 100,000 lives in coming months.（有一个积极 的方法可以解决这一问题：减少病毒传播的措施（例如戴口罩，远离社会和进行快速结果检 测）会产生重大后果。在未来几个月中，他们可以挽救100,000多条生命）”可知，作者认为 戴口罩，保持社交距离是最有效预防新冠的措施。故选D。【14题

10、详解】推理判断题。根据文章第六段“This is far worse than the toll in a different situation where the vaccine was only 50 percent effective but the U.S. had reduced the infection rate to its level in early September （about 35,000 new daily cases）. In that case, the death toll in the next six months would be kept to a

11、bout 60,00。.（这远比在另一种情况下造成的损失要糟糕得多，在这种情况下， 疫苗的有效率仅为50%,但美国已将感染率降低到9月初的水平（每天约有35,000例新病 例）。在这种情况下，未来六个月的死亡人数将保持在60,000人左右户可知，美国的感染率 下降到9月初的水平，死亡人数也相应减少。由此推知，感染率降低死亡人数也会减少。故 选Do【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段The vaccine news continues to seem very encouraging. Britain started its mass vaccination effort and the U

12、.S. isnt far behind.（疫苗新闻似乎仍然令人鼓舞。英国开始大规模疫苗接种工作，而美国也紧随其后广可知，人们非常乐于接种新冠疫苗。再结 合倒数第四段If the U.S. had maintained its infection rate from September and Moderna and Pfizer had announced this fall that their vaccines were only 50 percent effective, a lot of people would have panicked.如果美国从9月开始保持感染率，并且如果Mod

13、erna和Pfizer今年秋天宣布 其疫苗的有效率仅为50%,那么很多人就会感到恐慌户可知，如果宣布疫苗有效率仅为50% 的话，人们就会感到恐慌。由此推断出，大众乐于接受疫苗，是因为大众认为疫苗有效率高 可以防御新冠，所以公众对疫苗的效果持乐观态度。故选B。第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余 选项。Many healthcare workers know that washing hands is important to prevent the spread of infectious disease

14、. 16 During a study conducted by Nicas and Best at Berkley University, they counted the number of times people touched their face with their hands. 17 Whether we are aware of our actions or not, most of us can agree that we touch our face with our hands frequently enough.Imagine that you are able to

15、 record a full day of your actions. Better yet, reflect on what you did when you woke up yesterday morning. Let me give you an idea of my previous morning. I was woken by the alarm clock at 6 am. 18 Then I checked my phone for messages, turned on the TV fbr my morning news, started making my coffee

16、and finally hit the shower. It wasnt even 5 minutes from the time I awoke and I already touched different objects. The point of this is to be aware that even in our homes we are exposed to germs in places we dont realize.Luckily, the human body has amazing defense against harmful germs. 19 Our white

17、 blood cells are like soldiers coming to the rescue. Unfortunately, there are a lot of areas on our face that do not have the protection of skin such as the eyes and mouth. Theres a reason to every wise proverb and our parents annoying us to wash our hands before dinner is not for nothing.20 If you

18、have children, it is even more important to set the example because children are known to learn from adults. Lefs start a good habit of washing hands. As fbr your friends, dont be shy about checking to make sure their hands are clean. Asking someone if they have washed their hands is caring. Checkin

19、g to see if someone has washed their hands will benefit not only that person, but you and your family.A. Our skin is the first line of defense.B. Several minutes later, I turned off the alarm clock.C. It is easy for us to admit that we wash our hands regularly.D. They are more self-aware that hand w

20、ashing should be practiced as needed.E. Most importantly, it is our duty to set the right example for friends and family.F. They found that the subjects touched their face 15.7 times per hour on average.G. Do the rest of your family members, especially children, wash their hands regularly?【答案】16. D

21、17. F 18. B 19. A 20. E【分析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了洗手对于预防传染病的传播很重要。尽管人体对有 害细菌具有一定的防御能力，但是我们也要养成洗手的好习惯。【16题详解】考查段中句。根据空前 Many healthcare workers know that washing hands is important to prevent the spread of infectious disease.（许多医护人员都知道洗手对于预防传染病的传播很重 要）可知，D 项 They are more self-aware that hand washing should be

22、practiced as needed.（他们 比别人更加意识到应该根据需要洗手）能够承接上文。该选项中的They指的是前一句中的 many healthcare workers o 故选 D 项。【17题详解】考查段中句。根据空前 During a study conducted by Nicas and Best at Berkley University, they counted the number of times people touched their face with their hands.（在 Nicas 和 Best 在 伯克利大学进行的一项研究中，他们计算了人们用手

23、触摸脸部的次数）和空后Whether we are aware of our actions or not, most of us can agree that we touch our face with our hands frequently enough4无论我们是否意识到自己的行为，我们大多数人都认为我们经常用手摸脸）可知，F 项 They found that the subjects touched their face 15.7 times per hour on average.（他们发现受试 者平均每小时触摸脸部15.7次）能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。该选项中的They

24、指的 是前一句中的Nicas and Besto故选F项。【18题详解】考查段中句。根据空前I was woken by the alarm clock at 6 am.（早上6点钟我被闹钟叫醒 了）和空后 Then I checked my phone for messages, turned on the TV for my morning news, started making my coffee and finally hit the shower.（然后我查看了手机中的消息，打开电视听早间新 闻,开始煮咖啡，最后洗了澡）可知,B 项 Several minutes later,【t

25、urned off the alarm clock.（几 分钟后，我关闭了闹钟）能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。该选项中的the alarm clock在前 一句中出现了。故选B项。【19题详解】考查段中句。根据空前 Luckily, the human body has amazing defense against harmful germs.（幸运的是，人体对有害细菌具有惊人的防御能力）和空后Our white blood cells are like soldiers coming to the rescue4我们的白细胞就像士兵一样来营救我们）可知，A项Our skin is the

26、 first line of defense.（我们的皮肤是第一道防线）能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。该选 项中的defense在前一句中出现了。故选A项。【20题详解】考查段首句。根据空后 If you have children, it is even more important to set the example because children are known to learn from adults.（如果你有孩子,树立榜样就更重要了，因为众 所周知,孩子可以向成年人学习）可知,E项Most importantly, it is our duty to set the ri

27、ght example for friends and family最重要的是，为朋友和家人树立正确的榜样是我们的责任）能 够与下文连接通顺。该选项中的set the example在下一句中出现了。故选E项。第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的 最佳选项。Do you know Little Free Libraries? They are the cute book exchange 21 on thousands of front yards and s

28、treet comers. They are being 22 into sharing boxes filled with toilet paper, food and comfort items during the pandemic.People at the free book 23 movement, which started in Wisconsin, have received many messages about the 24 of Little Free Libraries. So they designed a new map showing the box 25 ar

29、ound the world.“26 and caring for each other are for the common good. Thats 27 at theheart of the Little Free Library Network/9 said Margret Aldrich, head of media and programming for Little Free Library. On the new map, each sharing box location is 28 and often there is a note about what is being 2

30、9“People had already used them to share and look out fbr each other in their communities, Aldrich said. “So it was very 30 to transform them into boxes sharing more than books.”Heather Nelsons box in Pewaukee is on the map. She 3j it about five years agoin front of her house built in 1862. About a y

31、ear ago, she began 32 plants along withbooks in her library.Tracy Reep Lays library is also in Pewaukee. She 33 the books from the LittleFree Library her husband built several years ago to stock it with things like 34 thermometers（温度计）,toothpaste and bars of soap. I decided I would put in a lot of e

32、xtra things I had when people were thinking of ways to 35 each other. I had purchased them a longtime before,“ said Reep Lay.21. A. bags22. A. forced23. A. exchange24. A. recalling25. A. decorationsC. locations26. A. Ability27. A. really28. A. rare29. A. considered30. A. early31. A. occupied32. A. s

33、haring33. A. threw awayC. took out34. A. unopenedC. unnamed35. A. knowC. protect【答案】2LBC 30. D 31. DB. boxesC. storesD. shelvesB.changedC. brokenD. builtB. possessionB. reopeningB. HumorB. relativelyB. clearB. describedB. hardB. removedB. growing22. B 23. A 24. D32. A 33. C34. AC. orderingC. reservi

34、ngB. directionsD. instructionsC. GenerosityC. merelyC. strangeC. offeredC. lateC. abandonedC. borrowingB. brought aboutD. held backB. unlockedD. unfinishedB. entertainD. help25. C 26. C35. DD. stockingD. reusingD. BeautyD. casuallyD. closeD. returnedD. easyD. installedD. hiding27. A 28. B 29【导语】本文是一

35、篇说明文。主要讲述近年来的疫情庭院街道的书籍交换箱变成了一个 分享其它用品的盒子。21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们是遍布于成千上万个房子前院和街道角落的可爱的书籍 交换箱。A. bags袋子;B.boxes盒子；箱子；C.stores商店;D. shelves架子。根据下文“They are beinginto sharing boxes filled with toilet paper, food and comfort items during thepandemic.（在新冠肺炎期间，这些交换箱正在变成充满厕纸、食物和安慰品的分享盒。户和 “So they designed a

36、new map showing the box around the world.”以及下文多处可知此处填box.故选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在新冠肺炎期间，这些交换箱正在变成充满厕纸、食物和安 慰品的分享盒。A. forced强迫；B. changed改变；C. broken打破；D. built修建。根据下文 “So it was veiy to transform them into boxes sharing more than books.“可知，此处指这些交换箱正在变成充满厕纸、食物和安慰品的分享盒。change与transform是同义词复现。 故选Bo【23题

37、详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这项始于美国威斯康星州的免费书籍交换运动中，人们收 到了很多关于重新利用Little Free Libraries的信息。A. exchange交流；交换；B. possession 拥有；C. ordering订购；D. stocking储存。根据第一段第二句的“book exchange”可知，此处 填 exchangeo故选 A。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. recalling回忆；B. reopening重新打开；C. reserving 保留；D. reusing 再使用。根据第四自然段“People had already use

38、d them to share.to transform them into boxes sharing more than books.”可知此处是给 Little Free Libraries 找到新的用途。故 选D。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以他们设计了一张新地图来展示这些箱子在世界各地的位 置。A. decorations 装饰；B. directions 方向；C. locations 位置；D. instructions 指示。根据下 文“On the new map, each sharing box location is and often there is a

39、 note about what isbeing厂可知，此处指他们设计了一张新地图来展示这些箱子在世界各地的位置，故 填 location o 故选 C。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：慷慨和对彼此的照顾是为了大家好。A. Ability能力；B. Humor 幽默；C.Generosity慷慨;D. Beauty美。根据下文“and caring for each other”可知，空格处名 词应与下文caring for each other语义接近，故选Co【27题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这正是Little Free Library Network的核心。A. really真

40、正地； 确实；B. relatively相对地；C.merely仅仅；D. casually临时地；偶然地。根据语义，此处指 “这确实是 Little Free Library Network 的核心“，故选 Ao【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在新地图上，每一个分享箱的位置都是清晰的，并且通常 会有一张纸条写着箱子里提供了什么。A. rare罕见的；B. clear清楚的；C.strange奇怪的； 陌生的；D. close 亲密的。根据上文“So they designed a new map showing the box aroundthe world”可知，在地图上，每一个分

41、享箱的位置都是清晰的。故选B。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. considered考虑；认为；B. described描述；C. offered 提供；D. returned 返回。根据上文“They are beinginto sharing boxes filled with toiletpaper, food and comfort items during the pandemic.”可知，这些交换箱在疫情期间正在变成充 满厕纸、食物和安慰品的分享盒，所以此处指有一张纸条写着箱子里提供了什么。故选C。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此把这些箱子变成分享除书籍

42、外的更多东西的地方很容 易。A. early早的；B. hard困难的；C. late迟到的;D. easy容易的。根据上文“People had already used them to share and look out for each other in their communities,Aldrich said.（社区 里人们已经用这些箱子来分享和照顾彼此。广可知，此处指把这些箱子变成分享除书籍外的 更多东西的地方很容易。故这里应填easy。故选D。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Heather Nelson在皮沃基的箱子也在地图上，她五年前在她 建于1862年的房子前安装了

43、这个箱子。A. occupied占据；B.removed移开；去掉;C.abandoned 舍弃；D. installed安装。根据语境，此处指她在房子前安装了这个箱子。故选D。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约在一年前，她在她的小图书馆里开始分享植物和书籍。由上A. sharing分享；B. growing长大；C.borrowing借；D. hiding躲藏。根据上下文可知, 这个小箱子是用来分享的地方。故选A。33题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：Tracy Reep Lay的图书馆也在皮沃基，她把书从她丈夫几年 前建的小图书馆里拿出来，在里面放上没打开的温度计、牙膏和香皂。A.

44、threw away扔掉； B. brought about 提出；C. took out 拿出；D. held back 阻止。根据上文So it was very to transform them into boxes sharing more than books.”可知，这个箱子变成了 分享除书籍外的 更多东西的地方。所以，她把书从小图书馆里拿出来，在里面放上其它东西。故选C。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. unopened未开封的;B. unlocked未锁的;C.unnamed 未披露姓名的；D. unfinished 未完成的。根据下文“I had purc

45、hased them a long time before”可 知，温度计、牙膏和香皂是还没打开的。故选A。35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决定在人们想方设法互相帮助的时候（在我的小图书馆里） 放一些我所拥有的额外的东西。A.know知道;B.entertain娱乐;C.protect保护;D.help帮 助 o 根据上文“and caring fbr each other are fbr the common good. Thafs at theheart of the Little Free Library Network”可知，此处指人们想方设法互相帮助的时候。故选D。第二节（共1

46、5小题;每小题1分，满分15分）课文填空：阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。36. He came to public attention during the 1960 Rome Olympics, when he won the light heavyweight gold medal,（demonstrate） great talent and personality in the process.（所给 词的适当形式填空）【答案】demonstrating【详解】考查现在分词。句意：在I960年罗马奥运会上，他赢得了轻量级金牌，并在 这一过程中展现了伟大的

47、天赋和个性。分析句子可知，设空处在句子中做伴随状语，和逻辑 主语he是主动关系，应填现在分词。故填demonstrating。37. The majority of these sports are identical those at the Olympics but other sports, such as wushu, have been added too.（用适当的词填空）【答案】to【详解】考查介词。句意：这些项目中的大多数与奥运会项目相同，但也增加了武术等 其他项目。be identical to和相同，固定搭配。故填to。38. If someone makes a bad

48、mistake which(intentional) harms their own interests, they are said to have scored an own goal.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】intentionally【详解】考查副词。句意：如果有人犯了严重的错误，故意损害了他们的利益，那么据 说他们就是进了一个乌龙球。根据句意“故意损害和分析句子可知，设空处需用副词 intentionally, 修饰动词 harmso故填 intentionally。39. Our own personal genome carries all the information(need) to make us grow and develop.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】needed【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们个人的基因组携带着我们成长和发展所需的所有 信息。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词carries,所以need应该用非谓语形式，它的 逻辑主语是information,和need之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词表被动。故填needed。40. We wi