2022-2023学年陕西省联盟学校高三下学期第一次大联盟英语试题.docx

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1、“高考研究831重点课题项目”陕西省联盟学校2023年第一次大联考英语注意事项：1 .答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将自己的姓名、准考证号、 座位号填写在本试卷上。2 .回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需 改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。涂写在本试卷上无效。3 .作答非选择题时，将答案书写在答题卡上，书写在本试卷上无效。4 .考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到 答题卡上。第一节（共5小题;每小题

2、分，满分分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选 项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读例：How much is the shirt?A. 19. 15.B.9. 18.C.9. 15.答案是C。1. What is the man probably going to do?A. Work on a farm.B. Buy a jacketC. Go to a library.2. What does the man do?A. An office clerk, B. A shop assistant.

3、C. A politician.3. How does the woman feel about the advertisements?A. Awful. B. Great.C. Interesting.4. Whats the possible relationship between the speakers?A. Doctor and patient. B. Teacher and student. C. Librarian and reader.5. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. At a hotel. B. At

4、 a laundry. C. At a clothing store.第二节（共15小题;每小题分，满分分）implant that shocks the brain with electrical pulses （脉搏）just might, a new research review shows. It found that the treatment - known as deep brain stimulation, or DBS - can oiler significant relief to as many as two-thirds of such patients.“OCD

5、involves forced and bothersome thoughts that the individual cannot silence, and repetitive behaviors performed to reduce the anxiety.5, said study author Dr. Sameer Sheth, a professor of neurosurgery at Baylor College of Medicine. Examples of OCD include repeated handwashing, ordering and arranging,

6、 repeating words in ones head, and checking and double-checking.Enter DBS for the brain. It consists of a stimulator typically put under the skin in the upper chest and connected to an electrode （电极）.“Sheth said. “The electrode is placed in specific regions in the brain, aiming that by restoring act

7、ivity in these areas to a more balanced state, DBS settles the symptoms of OCD.”To find out whether it works, Sheths team reviewed the findings of 31 studies conducted between 2005 and 2021. Altogether, the studies included 345 adult OCD patients, at an average age of 40. The review showed that afte

8、r a treatment period of about two years, DBS had produced obvious symptom improvements in two-thirds of the patients. Significant depression relief was also owed to DBS treatment. About one in five patients experienced at least one serious side effect of DBS. Still, Sheth stressed that the upside is

9、 hard to ignore. He added, there is actually little risk of DBS for appropriately selected patients.“Since the DBS electrodes are placed in the brain regions contributing to OCD, it is not a surprise that it works.” said Dr. Gopalkumar Rakesh, a professor at the University of Kentucky College of Med

10、icine. Although its not a brand-new treatment, DBS really is in the more-research-needed stage of development. So I would say that the results of this study point to the need for even more research to determine which patients would really adjust to that treatment to have the greatest benefit.”12. Wh

11、at do people suffering from OCD tend to do?A. They just wash their hands on occasions.B. They like to give orders and arrangements.C. They may repeat an action to reduce anxiety.D. They can have unwanted thoughts controlled.13. According to the research, how does DBS help to treat OCD?A. It leads to

12、 slight symptom improvements.B. It contributes to obvious depression relief.C. It eases as many patients with OCD as possible.D. It reduces OCD-caused symptoms by two-thirds.14. What can be inferred about the application of DBS to treat OCD?A. There is no risk of DBS for patients.B. It is a wonder t

13、hat DBS works for OCD.C. DBS needs more research to be adopted.D. DBS is sure to be of great benefit to all.15. What may be the purpose of the passage?A. To advocate using DBS for treating OCD.B. To inform people of the symptoms of OCD.C. To compare different ways of treating OCD.D. To introduce an

14、effective way of treating OCD.【答案】12.C13. B 14. C 15. D【解析】【导语】本文为说明文，传统的方法无法治疗严重的强迫症，一项新的研究发现DBS可以减轻强迫症患者 的症状，减缓抑郁症。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中 u OCD involves forced and bothersome thoughts that the individual cannot silence, and repetitive behaviors performed to reduce the anxiety. （强迫症包括强迫性的、令人烦恼的、使个人无法沉

15、默的 想法，以及为了减少焦虑而进行的重复行为。）可知，有强迫症的患者会重复去做一件事情来减缓焦虑，故 选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中 u Significant depression relief was also owed to DBS treatment.v （DBS 治疗也显著 缓解了抑郁症。）可知，DBS治疗对抑郁症也有显著 减缓作用，故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中Although its not a brand-new treatment, DBS really is in the more-research-needed stage of devel

16、opment.（虽然这不是一种新的疗法，但DBS确实处于更需要研究的发展阶段。）可知，即使 DBS治疗不是一个崭新的疗法，但的确处于一个需要更多研究的发展阶段，故选C。【15题详解】推理半 U困，题。从第一段 “When traditional treatments fail to help patients with severe obsessive-compulsive disorder （OCD 强迫症），an implant that shocks the brain with electrical pulses （脉搏）just might, a new research revie

17、w shows. It found that the treatment - known as “deep brain stimulation,“ or DBS - can oiler significant relief to as many as two-thirds of such patients.（一项新的研究综述显示，当传统疗法无法帮助严重强迫症（OCD）患者时，一种用电脉冲冲击大脑的植入物可能会起作用。研究发现，这种被称为“脑深部刺激（DBS）的疗法可以显 著缓解多达三分之二的此类患者。）以及全文可知本文旨在通过研究，介绍一项新的技术DBS来减缓强迫症 患者的病痛，故选D。第二节

18、（共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Five Ways to Build TrustTrust is a thread that runs through all our connections, from the closest relationships to people we meet only temporarily. In other words, trust is the key to a healthy start with friends. If you want to develop trus

19、t in a new friendship, try these five tips.Listen with careWhen someone youre with is expressing themselves, listen to them properly and attentively. 16. As theyopen up to you, youll feel more confident about conveying your inner thoughts in return.Communicate your worries17. We subconsciously apply

20、 these to a new friendship. If you find it hard to trust due toa sorrowful past friendship experience, then dont be afraid to explain this. Tell your new friends youre trying to learn to trust again. Honesty breeds （孕育）trust.Take your timeDont rush into anything and stick to the boundaries. Avoid as

21、king confidential questions. You may gradually get familiar with their behaviors and then build a new friendship with mutual （本目互的）trust coming along. 18.After all, a trustworthy friend doesnt push others to go all in at the very beginning. Trust wasnt built in one day.19Set aside your doubts for a

22、while. It can be easy to fall into a trap thinking that this new friend is going to disappoint you in some way that youve experienced before. But you need to give each fresh connection a chance to develop on its own terms.Take a riskPut yourself into a situation where you need to put a little faith

23、into the other person. 20. Breaking the icecan be challenging, but if you both step outside of your comfort zone a little, trust will be rooted in this new friendship easily.A. Dont assumeB. Accept your pastC. Trust is a two-way connectionD. Our ability to trust is influenced by our learning and exp

24、eriencesE. A milder start with new friends will make them feel more comfortableF. You can book an activity to spend time together or arrange to go somewhere newG. Therefore, it seems unkind to let this misunderstanding ruin your new friendship【答案】16.C17. D 18. E 19. A 20. F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了 5个建

25、立信任的小建议，包括积极倾听、表达自己的担忧、循序 渐进、不要预先假设以及适当冒险。【16题详解】本段的小标题为“Listen with care（仔细倾听）。因此本段主旨为倾听他人在建立信任中的重要性。联系下 文 “As they open up to you, youll feel more confident about conveying your inner thoughts in return.（当他们向你 敞开心扉，你会更自信地传达你的内在想法作为回报。）”中的“in return”可以看出来这表明信任的双向 特征，因此选择C选项“Trust is a two-way conne

26、ction（信任是一种双向的联系）”符合上下文语境。故选C。【17题详解】本段小标题为“Communicate your worries（表达你的担忧）”，本段主旨为跟新朋友表达自己的难处和担忧。 联系下文“We subconsciously apply these to a new friendships我们下意识地把这些应用到一段新的友谊中。）” 中的“these”需要对应前文的复数形式的名词，D选项uOur ability to trust is influenced by our learning and experiences（我们的信任能力受到我们的学习和经验的影响）”中的“lea

27、rning and experiences”对应恰当，说 明了我们会下意识地将过去经历应用于新的一段友情，符合语境。故选D。【18题详解】本段小标题为“Take your time（慢慢来）。主旨为建立信任要慢慢来。结合后文的“After all, a trustworthy friend doesnt push others to go all in at the very beginning.（毕竟，一个值得信赖的朋友在最开始并不会强行让他人付 出全部。后文中的“ push ”对应 E 选项“ A milder start with new friends will make them f

28、eel more comfortable（和 新朋友相处时温和一点会让他们感觉更舒服）”中的“a milder start”,相反的对照进一步说明一个温和的开 始会让朋友们觉得更舒服，因此后文在进一步解释本句，符合语境。故选E。【19题详解】对比其它小标题，应选择祈使句。本段首句为“Setaside yourdoubts fora while.（先把你的怀疑放在一边。广 同时结合本段中“ It can be easy to fall into a trap thinking that this new friend is going to disappoint you in some way

29、that youe experienced before.（你很容易陷入一个陷阱，认为这个新朋友会以你以前经历过的某种方式让你 失望。）”，表明了很容易让之前的经历让你预判这个新朋友会使你失望。因此本段主旨为不要让你过去的事 情形成预设和偏见，因此选择A选项“Don、assume（不要想当然）”符合本段的内容和结构要求。故选A。【20题详解】 本段标题为“Take a risk（冒点险）。本段想要阐述建立信任需要迈出第一步，承担走出舒适区的风险。联 系上句的 “Put yourself into a situation where you need to put a little faith

30、into the other person. （it 自 己置身于 需要对他人抱有一点信心的环境中。）”说明了本句需要出现“asituation”的具体场景，因此F选项的“You can book an activity to spend time together or arrange to go somewhere new（你可以预定一个活动来共度0寸光，或 者安排去一个新的地方）”符合语境。同时，联系后一句的u Breaking the ice can be challenging, but if you both step outside of your comfort zone a

31、little, trust will be rooted in this new friendship easily.（打破坚冰是很有挑战性 的，但是如果你们都稍微走出自己的舒适区，信任就会很容易在这段新的友谊中扎根。）”中的“the ice”为特指，因此本句中需要出现具体的“the ice”，因此选择F You can book an activity to spend time together or arrange to go somewhere new（你可以预定一个活动来共度时光，或者安排去一个新的地方）”跟后文的“breaking the ice”联系紧密，符合语境。故选F。第三部

32、分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题;每小题分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。The meteorite （陨石）made worldwide news when it flew across the sky in February 2021. There is an 21driveway on a suburban street in Winchcombe. But soon a chunk （块）of it may22 in the Natural HistoryMuseum in London, af

33、ter being hit by an unbelievably rare meteorite falling from space.During this week, the Wilcock family from Winchcombe have 23 a dozen scientists to their front garden. Their home, and the town as a whole, was at the center of the worldwide scientific 24 after a 300g piece of rock that might 25 the

34、 answer to how life on our planet began 26 on their driveway. Ashley King, a researcher in the planetary materials group at the Natural History Museum, explained that 12 percent of the 27一 collected from the driveway is made up of off-earth water. Dr. King predicted that this 28 would cause the deba

35、te on where the vast earth ocean came from.“They said they might want to put a bit of our driveway in the museum”, said Rob Wilcock, 29 the Natural History Museum might take a chunk which has 30 marks from where the hot meteorite fell. For now, the Wilcocks have 31 their driveway with a wooden board

36、 and parked a car 32 it to protect the elements inside.The meteorite fell to Earth on Feb 28, with a bang that sounded like a firework 33. In the morning, thefamily found a pile of what looked like black coal on their driveway. This was strange: it hadnt been there when they went to bed and there 34

37、 to be no way of explaining why someone would leave the 35 ofbarbecues into their front garden. The only 36 explanation was that it had dropped from the sky. He sent an email to the UK Meteor Observation Network and waited for a 37, In the meantime, the word started38 over the town that the loud ban

38、g had been a meteorite falling to Earth.In fact, the falling of the meteorite is the biggest thing to happen to Winchcombe since the last country fair.Graham Pike, a 68-year-old resident says, “It was very 39 until this happened”.The discovery on the Wilcocks5 driveway will drive a40of new findings

39、across multiple scientificfields, and its a treasure that generates excitement to the small family, the quiet town, and the entire world.21. A. ordinaryB. interestingC. excitingD. unusual22. A. fallB. appearC. breakD. wait23.A. seenB. treatedC. interviewedD. welcomed24. A. informationB. knowledgeC.

40、interestD. background25. A. conductB. containC. conflictD. complete26. A. landedB. floatedC. flewD.caught27. A. waterB. caseC. modelD. sample28. A. totallyB. hopefullyC. usuallyD. probably29. A. doubtingB. hopingC. suggestingD. saying30. A. exposedB. burntC. trappedD. lighted31. A. attachedB. covere

41、dC. filledD. linked32. A. overB. beyondC. inD. down33. A. putting awayB. getting aroundC. coming downD. going off34. A. provedB. happenedC. seemedD. needed35. A. remainsB. meatC. plasticD. sticks36. A. reasonableB. desirableC. technicalD. controversial37. A. commandB. rewardC. responseD. permission3

42、8. A. approachingB. spreadingC. impressingD. controlling39. A. lovelyB. lonelyC. easyD. sleepy40. A. heightB.roadC. waveD. field【答案】2LA 22. B23. D 24. C25. B 26. A 27.D 28. D 29. C 30. B 31.B 32. A 33. D34. C 35. A36. A 37. C 38. B39. D 40, C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文o 讲述了 Winchcomb 小镇中 Wilcock 一家，在某天早晨发现自家车道被

43、天外稀有陨石砸中，一时间成为科学界的焦点，这个陨石的发现可能会引发新的科学热潮，同时也给这个家庭、城 镇和世界都带来了新的财富。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是Winchcombe郊区一条普通的车道。A. ordinary普通的；B. interesting W 趣的；C.exciting激动人心的；D. unusual与众不同的。根据后文“But”可知，它可能会出现在历史博物馆, 说明这条普通车道发生了不普通的事情。故选A项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，被天外稀有陨石击中后，被击中的部分可能不久就会出现在伦敦自然历 史博物馆。A. fall 掉落；B. appea

44、r 出现；C. break 打破；D. wait 等待。根据后文“after being hit by an unbelievably rare meteorite可知，车道会陨石击中后，会被博物馆收藏。故选B项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：来自Winchcombe的Wilcock 一家人，他们的前院迎来了许多科学家。A. seen看 见；B. treated 对彳寺；C. interviewed 采访；D. welcomed 欢迎。根据后文 “ a dozen scientists to their front garden ” 可知，许多科学家来到他们前院，welcometo表示

45、欢迎某人来某地。故选D项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个重达300克的陨石，可能包含地球生命起源的答案，它落在了地球的车道 上。之后Wilcock家，包括整个小镇都成为了全世界科研兴趣的焦点。A. information信息；B.knowledge知 识；C. interest 兴趣；D. background 背景。根据前文 “at the center of the worldwide scientific“，可知，陨石落 地后，引起了科学家的极大兴趣。故选C项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个重达300克的陨石，可能包含地球生命起源的答案，它落在了地球的车道 上。之

46、后Wilcock家，包括整个小镇都成为了全世界科研兴趣的焦点。A. conduct实施；B.contain包括；C. conflict 斗争；D. complete 完成。根据后文“the answer to how life on our planet began” 可知,研究该陨石有 助于解密地球生命的起源。故选B项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个重达300克的陨石，可能包含地球生命起源的答案，它落在了地球的车道 上。之后Wilcock家，包括整个小镇都成为了全世界科研兴趣的焦点。A. landed着陆；B.floated漂浮；C. flew 流动；D. caught 抓住。根

47、据前文 ubeing hit by an unbelievably rare meteorite falling from spacen可知,陨石落 在了小镇的车道上。故选A项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：来自自然历史博物馆的研究员Ashley King解释说，从车道上收集到的样本中有 12%是由非地球水质构成的。A. water水；B. case案例；C.model模型；D. sample样本。根据后文“collected from the driveway可知，研究人员研究了从车道上收集到的样本。故选D项。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：Dr.King预测，这可能会引起对于

48、地球上海洋起源的讨论。A. totally完全地；B. hopefully有希望地；C.usually通常；D. probably可能地。根据前文“Dr. King predicted”可知，这个发现可 能会引起热烈的讨论。故选D项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：RobWilcock说：“他们想放一块被陨石砸中的车道在博物馆里”表明自然历史 博物馆可能会拿走一块带有陨石灼烧印记的车道。A. doubting怀疑；B. hoping希望；C.suggesting暗示， 表明；D. saying 说。根据前文“They said they might want to put a bit of our driveway in the museum v可知， Rob Wilcock的话表明自然历史博物馆可能要拿走一块。故选C项。【30题详解】考查动词