人教版八年级英语下册Unit1知识点归纳.docx

《人教版八年级英语下册Unit1知识点归纳.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《人教版八年级英语下册Unit1知识点归纳.docx（9页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、Unitl Whafs the matter?知识点归纳一、重点短语1. have a fever 发烧2. have a cough 咳嗽3. have a toothache 牙疼4. talk too much 说得太多5. drink enough water 喝足够的水6. have a cold受凉;感冒7. have a stomachache 胃疼8. have a sore back 背疼9. have a sore throat 喉咙痛10. lie down and rest 躺下来休息11. hot tea with honey加蜂蜜的热茶12. see a denti

2、st 看牙医13. get an X-ray 拍 X 光片14. take one9 s temperature 量体温15. put some medicine on sth. 在b面敷药16. feel very hot 感到很热17. sound like听起来像18. all weekend 整个周末19. in the same way以同样的方式20. go to a doctor 看医生21. go along 沿着走22. on the side of the road 在马路边23. shout for help 大声呼救24. without thinking twice

3、没有多想25. get off 下车26. have a heart problem 有心脏病27. to one, s surprise 使惊讶的28. thanks to 多亏了 ;由于29. in time 及时30. save a life挽救生命31. get into trouble 造成麻烦32. right away 立亥J;马上33. because of 由于34. get out of离开;从出来35. hurt oneself 受伤36. put a bandage on sth.用绷带包扎37. fall down 摔倒38. feel sick感到恶心39. hav

4、e a nosebleed 流鼻血40. cut his knee割伤他的膝盖41. put her head back把她的头向后仰42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难43. mountain climbing 登山运动44. be used to doing sth.习惯做某事45. run out (of)用完;用尽46. so that 以便47. so. . . that如止匕以至于48. be in control of 掌管;管理49. in a difficult situation 在闲境中50. keep on doing sth.继续或坚持做某

5、事51. make a decision 做出决定52. take risks 冒险53. give up 放弃二、用法归纳1. need to do sth.需要去做某事2. see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事3. ask sb. sth.询问某人某事4. expect sb. to do sth.期望某人做某事5. agree to do sth.同意做某事6. help sb. (to ) do sth.帮助某人做某事7. want to do sth.想要做某事8. tell sb. To do sth.告诉某人做某事9. have problems (in) do

6、ing sth,做某事有困 难10. use sth. To do sth.用某物去做某事11. be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事12. seem to do sth,好像做某事13. keep on doing sth.继续做某事14. mind doing sth.介意做某事三、重点句型1. Whats the matter?你怎么了?What9s the matter with you? = Whats the trouble with you? = What9 s wrong with you?2. What should she do?她该怎么办呢？Sh

7、ould I take my temperature?我应该量一下体温吗？主语+ should/shouldnt +动词原形.You should lie down and rest.你应该躺下休息一会儿。You shouldnt go out at night.你晚上不应该出去。3. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or a book?你认为它是来自报纸还是书呢？4.1 think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。5. She said t

8、hat the man had a heart problem and should go to the hospitalo四、词句精讲1. If s +形容词+ for sb. + to do sth.做某事对某人来说是的。Its important to do sth.做某事很重要。Its important for me to eat a balanced diet.平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的.Its easy to do sth.做某事是容易的。Its easy for us to find out the answer.找出答案对我们来说是容易的。2. 情态动词should的用法sh

9、ould是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。意为应该o should (应当，应该)用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。eg. I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厉害。You should lie down and have a rest.你应该躺下，多喝水。3. maybe 与 may be(1) maybe是副词，译为“也许、可能”,相当于perhaps”。如：Maybe he can answer the question.也许他能回答那个问题。He maybe is from the USA, too.他可能也来自美国。(2) may be中的may为情

10、态动词,译为“可能是”。如：He may be from the USA, too.他可能也来自美国。She may be our English teacher.她可能是我们的英语老师。4. few、a few、little a little 的区别和联系：(1) few / a few用来修饰可数名词，few表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有；afew表示肯 定意义，有几个。例如：He has few friends here, he feels lonely.他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。There are a few eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。(2) little/

11、alittle用来修饰不可数名词，little表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有；a little 表示肯定意义，有一点儿。例如：There is little ink in my bottle. Can you give me a little ink?我的瓶子里没有墨水了 ,你能 给我点儿墨水吗？5. notuntil直到(否定句)才,动词为短暂性或瞬间性动词。She didnt leave until we came.He went shopping after he got up.=He didnt go shopping until /before he got up.until/till

12、直到(肯定句)动词为延续性动词We stayed here till/until 12 oclock.6. have a coldhave a cold是动词短语，意为“患感冒，伤风”,也可以说成catch a cold/get a cold或take a coldo 其中have表示“患病，得病”，不能用于进行时态，但可与一段时间连用，表示状态；而catch/get a cold则表示瞬时动作，不能同一段时间连用。例如：I have had a cold for three days. 我感冒三天 了。此句也可以表达为：I had/caught/got a cold three days a

13、go.【拓展】表示人体某部位“痛”时的几种结构：(1) have a +身体部位名词后加-ache构成。例如：have a headache 头痛have a toothache 牙痛have a stomachache 胃痛(2) have a sore +身体部位名词。例如：have a sore throat 喉咙痛have a sore arm 胳膊痛have a sore foot 脚痛(3)身体部位+ hurt/ache。例如：My eyes hurt.我眼睛痛。My legs ache.我腿疼。(4) have a pain in/ on + the + 身体部位。例如：I ha

14、ve a pain in the arm.我胳膊痛。(5) There is something wrong with + ones + 身体部位。例如： There is something wrong with your eyes.你的眼睛有毛病。7. rest(1) rest作及物动词，意为“使休息及作不及物动词，意为“休息”。例如:You should rest your eyes after a lot of reading.在大量阅读之后，你应该休息一下你的眼睛。Im tired, and I want to rest,我累 了，我想休息。(2) rest也可以作名词，常用搭配ha

15、ve a rest,表示“休息一下例如：You have a cold, and should have a rest.你感冒了，应该休息一下。8. break(1) break作不及物，意为“弄碎，破碎。break的过去式为broke,过去分词为broken。 例如：Glass is easily broken.玻璃容易破碎。(2) break作及物动词，意为“弄碎,弄断”。例如：Li Ming broke his left leg last night.昨晚李明摔断了 左腿。(3) break作及物动词，意为“不遵守例如：As a student, you shouldnt break s

16、chool rules.作为学生，你不该违反学校规则。【拓展】(1) break down意为“(机器)坏了例如：We are sorry to arrive late, because the car broke down.我们很抱歉到晚了，因为车抛锚了。(2) break into表示“破门而入”。例如：I caught two men trying to break into the office.我瞧见两个人想闯入我的办公室。(3) break out表示“(战争、瘟疫、火灾等)爆发”。例如：World War II broke out in September 1939.第二次世界大

17、战爆发于 1939 年 9 月。9. hurt(1) hurt作及物动词，意为“使受伤，使弄痛”，过去分词和过去式都是hurt。例如：He hurt his right knee,他伤 了 右膝。I hope you havent hurt yourself,但愿你没有受伤。(2) hurt既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。例如：You hurt her feelings when you said she was fat.你说她胖，伤害了她的感情了。I dont mean to hurt you.我并非有意伤害你。(3) hurt作不及物动词，意为“疼痛”。例如：My feet

18、 hurt when I walk.我走路时脚疼。I caught a cold and my head hurt. 我感冒 了而且头痛。10. freefree作及物动词，意为“使自由”。例如:Can you free me for half an hour? 你能让我自由一个小时吗？【拓展】(1) free作形容词，表示“自由的；空闲的”。例如：You are free to ask questions.你可以请随便问。Are you free tomorrow ?你有空吗？(2) free还可作“免费的”。例如:Are the drinks free?这饮料是免费的吗？The books

19、 are given away free.这些书是免费赠送的。(3) free的副词freely可表示“自由地，随便地等”，可位于动词之前或之后。例如：You may speak freely.你可以直言。He could write freely about it now.他可以自由地写这个事了。11. mean(1) mean作及物动词，表示“打算，意味着”，后接名词，动词不定式短语或从句。例如: The red light means “Stop”.红灯表示停止。I mean to go shopping.我的意思是去购物。The sign means that the road is

20、blocked.这个标志表示此路不通。(2) mean的名词形式是“meaning”，表示“意思、含义”。例如:Whats the meaning of the word?这个单词的是什么意思？(3) What do / did you mean by.?该句型的意思是“你是什么意思?”例如：What do you mean by acting like this?你这样做是什么意思？12. lielie是动词，意为“躺”，过去式和过去分词分别为lay和lain,现在分词为lying。例如：I found he was lying on the ground.我发现他躺在地上。【拓展】(1)

21、lie有“位于”的意思。例如：A temple lies on the top of the mountain. 一座寺庙位于山顶之上。(2) lie作动词时，也可意为“撒谎”，过去式和过去分词是规则的，均为lied。lie也可用作名词， 意为谎言。例如：Don lie to me.不要向我撒谎。The boy told a lie to me.这个男孩向我撒了谎。(3)英语中，部分以-ie结尾的动词的-ing形式必须改ie为y再加-ing。例如：die 一 dying tie 一 tying lie 一 lying13. breathebreathe可以作不及物动词也可以作及物动词，意为“呼

22、吸”。例如：The old man is breathing hard.这位老人呼吸困难。Its good to breathe fresh air.呼吸新鲜空气有好处。【拓展】辨析breathe和breath这两个词都是表示“呼吸”的意思，但词性不同。breath是名词；breathe是动词。例如：He has run himself out of breath.他跑得上气不接下气。Its healthy to breathe deeply in the morning早上做深呼吸对身体有益。breath的常用短语：take a deep breath深呼吸；out of breath上气不

23、接下气14. ourselvesourselves是反身代词，意为“我们自己”。表示“某人自己”的代词，叫反身代词，也叫自身代词。反身代词在句子中可以作宾语、表语和同位语，需要注意反身代词与所指代的名词或代词在人 称、性别和数上保持一致。反身代词的构成是：第一人称和第二人称是“形容词性物主代词+ -self/selves。例如：myself (我自己)，ourselves（我们自己），yourself （你自己），yourselves （你们自己）第三人称是“宾格代词+-self/selves；单数形式是加-self,复数形式是加-selves。例如：himself （他自己），herself

24、 （她自己），itself （它自己）,themselves （他们自己）注意：对于单数人称的反身代词加-self,对于复数人称的反身代词加-selves。 常用短语有：by oneself 某人独自enjoy oneself = have a good time 玩得开心teach oneself 自学help oneself to.随便吃、喝dress oneself自己穿衣服hurt oneself 伤 了自己15. Whats the matter?What9s the matter?和 Whafs wrong?是用来询问对方出了什么毛病或问题，意为“怎么 了？ ”，是医生询问病人病情

25、时的常用语。例如：一 Whats the matter?你怎么了 ？一I have a stomachache. 我胃疼。一Whats wrong, Tom? Tom 怎么了？一I dont feel very well.我感觉不太舒服。【拓展】Whats the matter?和 Whats wrong?后可接 with sb. / sth.,即 Whafs the matter with sb./ sth.?或 Whats wrong with sb./sth.？意为“某人/某物怎么了 ？ ”例如：Whats the matter with you? = Whats wrong with

26、you?你怎么了 ？ 一Whaf s wrong / Whaf s the matter with your leg?你的腿怎么了 ？ 一Nothing.没什么。注意：matter是名词，其前只能加定冠词由e； wrong是形容词，前面不需要加任何冠词。 能说 Whats your wrong?和 Whats your matter?16. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him.（1） surprise作动词时，意为“使惊奇，使感到意外、吃惊”。例如：What surprised you?什么事使你感到意外？（2） surpri

27、se作不可数名词时，表示“惊奇，惊异”。例如： Her face showed surprise at the news.听到这个消息，她的脸上露出了惊奇的表情。（3） surprise作可数名词时，表示“惊奇、惊讶、意外的事或吃惊的事”。 例如： He gave me a surprise by arriving early.他的早到使我大感意外。(4)作名词用时常可构成如下短语：to ones surprise意为“使某人吃惊的是”；in surprise意为“吃惊地例如：To my surprise, he passed the exam.使我吃惊是，他竟然通过了考试。He looked

28、 at me in surprise.他吃惊地望着我。17. He was not ready to die that day.(1) ready作形容词，意为“准备好的形 例如：Is everything ready? 一切都准备好 了吗？Are you ready?你准备好了吗？(2) be/get ready to +动词原形，意为“准备做”。例如：rm getting ready to travel. 我正准备去旅行。【拓展】be ready for意为“准备去”,后接名词或动名词，同义短语为get ready for。例如：Im ready for bed.我正准备睡觉。The ch

29、icken will soon be ready for the pot.这些鸡肉很快就可以准备下锅了。18. Aron loves mountain climbing and doesnt mind taking risks.mind作及物动词，意为“介意、照料、留神、注意”。常用于疑问句、否定句、条件句中, 后面接名词、代词、动词-ing形式或从句。例如：Would you mind opening the window?你介意打开窗户吗？Dont mind me.不要管我。【拓展】mind还可作名词，意为“智力、头脑、想法、意见”。例如：He has quick mind.他头脑敏锐。Tom changed his mind at last. 最后 Tom 改变了主意。