2018甘肃考研英语一真题及答案.docx
《2018甘肃考研英语一真题及答案.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《2018甘肃考研英语一真题及答案.docx(39页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、2018甘肃考研英语一真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, its a necessary condition1many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, e
2、tc. On the other hand, putting your2, in the wrong place often carries a high3.4, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good.5people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that6pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct tha
3、t prompts humans to7with one another. Scientists have found that exposure8this hormone puts us in a trusting9: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their10who
4、 inhaled something else.11for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may12us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate13a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each14to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would as
5、k, “Whats in here?” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look15.Half of them found a toy; the other half16the container was empty-and realized the tester had17them.Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were18to cooper
6、ate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership.19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20”tester participated in a follow-up activity.86941. A on B like C for D from2. A faith B concern C attention D interest3. A benefit B debt C hope D price4.
7、A Therefore B Then C Instead D Again5. AUntil B Unless C Although D When6. A selects B produces C applies D maintains7. A consult B compete C connect D compare8. A at B by Cof Dto9. A context B mood C period D circle10.A counterparts B substitutes C colleagues Dsupporters11.A Funny B Lucky C Odd D I
8、ronic12.A monitor B protect C surprise D delight13.A between B within C toward D over14.A transferred B added C introduced D entrusted15.A out B back C around D inside16.A discovered B proved C insisted D .remembered17.A betrayed Bwronged C fooled D mocked18.A forced B willing C hesitant D entitled1
9、9.A In contrast B As a result C On the whole D For instance20.A inflexible B incapable C unreliable D unsuitableSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 po
10、ints)Text 1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Dont dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according
11、 to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care dont appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robo
12、ts, so they will be fine.This isnt to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didnt go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs
13、 than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue
14、in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and
15、helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need
16、for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality havent been inv
17、ented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income t
18、ax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automat
19、ion. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.21.Who will be most threatened by automation?A Leading politicians.BLow-wage laborers.CRobot owners.DMiddle-class workers.22 .Which of the following best represent the au
20、thors view?A Worries about automation are in fact groundless.BOptimists opinions on new tech find little support.CIssues arising from automation need to be tackledDNegative consequences of new tech can be avoided23.Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis onA creative potential. B
21、job-hunting skills. Cindividual needs. Dcooperative spirit.24.The author suggests that tax policies be aimed atAencouraging the development of automation.Bincreasing the return on capital investment.Ceasing the hostility between rich and poor.Dpreventing the income gap from widening.25.In this text,
22、 the author presents a problem withA opposing views on it. Bpossible solutions to it. Cits alarming impacts. Dits major variations.Text 2A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trumps use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials
23、 prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, Not a presidents social media platform.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly
24、 needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trus
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 2018 甘肃 考研 英语 一真题 答案
限制150内