一阅读理解考法2推理判断题（解析版）---2023年高考英语考点专项突破.pdf

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1、备at 年高考英语精选号点专项突曜窃题。阅 潮 型皑溜0修 豳皑向丽克新高考卷全国卷2022202120222021卷 I卷 II卷 I卷 II乙卷甲卷乙卷甲卷细节理解题67888865推理判断题75555368词义猜测题12111111主旨大意题11111321解题旌推理判断推理判断题阅读理解中对考生推理判断能力的考查要求考生在理解原文字面意又的基础上，通过对文中细节中隐含的信息和语篇逻辑关系的分析作出一定的判断和推理，从而理解作者所要传达的信息、得出文草的深层意义及隐含意义。它主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑天系的能力和识别能力。解答推理判断题要以文字信息为依据，既不能作出在原文中找不到依据的推

2、理，也不能根据表面文字信息进行多余推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据，推论有理，忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。考生切记，推理判断（infer）题必须把握住的一个原则：正确选项必须是由文中事实推断出的另一个正确的事实，而不是文章细节的直接陈述。方 法 1针对特定细节信息进行推理此类试题要求考生根据语篇中具体的内容和信息点，推断出文章中具体的细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。解答此类试题时，一般可根据短文所提供的某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断。考生只要正确把握文章的内在关系，根据文章中的关键信息进行推断就可以作出正确的判断。全国 II2020-

3、D I have a special place in my heart for libraries.I have for as long as I can remember.I was alwaysan enthusiastic reader,sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child.Stories were like air to me and whileother kids played ball or went to parties,I lived out adventures through the books I ch

4、ecked out from the library.32.Which word best describes the authors relationship with books as a child?A.Cooperative.B.Uneasy.D.Casual.C.Inseparable.【解析】根据本段第三句 reading up to three books a day as a child.以及第四句 Stories were like air to me.可知，孩童时期的作者和书是形影不离的。cooperative意为“合 作 的 uneasy意为“不自在的“；insepara

5、ble意为“不可分离的;亲密无间的“；casual意为“漫不经心的;随便的”。故选C 项。方法2整合全文（段）信息进行推断做推理判断题时，有时需要在弄懂全文或全段意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的信息，提取出来加以推理判断，从而确定最佳答案。全国 II 2020 C Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made intoclothes in different styles.HIt sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur unless yo

6、u understand that the nutria aredestroying vast wetlands every year,usays Cree McCree,project director of Righteous Fur.28.What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?A.lb promote guilt-free fur.B.To expand the fashion market.C.To introduce a new brand.D.To celebrate a winte

7、r holiday.【解析】由题干中的New Orleans and Brooklyn可定位至原文第二段。根据本段可知，在新奥尔良与布鲁克林举办这些不同寻常的时装秀的目的是让人们在重新穿上由海狸鼠毛皮制成的衣物的同时不会产生罪恶感,即为了宣传“零罪恶感”的海狸鼠毛皮。故选A 项。方法3根据文章的结论推断作者或文中人物的态度及意图作者或文中人物的态度、倾向是指其对自己或他人陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是中立，对叙述或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的结论中，或流露于修饰性的词语中。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中总结全文的措辞，尤其是带有感

8、情色彩的形容词。常见的表达态度的词语有：（1）、表示积极态度的词：support（支持）,supportive（支持的）,approve（赞成）,approving（赞同的）,for（支持）,infavor of（支持），optimistic（乐观的），positive（积极的），pleasant（愉快的），humorous（幽默的），confident 自信的）,impressive（令人钦佩的）,praise（赞扬）等。（2）、表 示 消 极 态 度 的 词：disgusted（厌恶的），critical（批评的）,negative（否定的）,doubtful（怀疑的）,disappoin

9、ted（失望的）,pessimistic（悲观的）,opposed（反对的）等。（3）、表示中立的词：objective客观的）,factual（事实的）,neutral*中立的）,impartial（不偏不倚的）等。有些文章的写作意图比较明确，如议论文、说明文，此类文体应关注主题句。而有些文章的写作意图需要考生去体会，这种情况多出现在记叙文中，此类文章通常先叙述，然后发表看法。全国 12020-C Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running,research shows,while most likelycontributin

10、g to fewer injuries.It does,however,have its own problem.（首段）31.Which word best describes the authors attitude to race walking?A.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.【解析】通读首段可知，作者在本文中主要阐述了竞走的好处（Race walking shares many fitness benefits withrunning）及其存在的问题（does,however,have its own problem

11、.）,提及正反两方面，由此可推知，作者的态度是客观的。故选B 项。方法4结合文章关键信息和常识推测文章的来源或者推测阅读对象此类题目要求考生具备一定的常识，这样才能把文章的内容与自己已经具备的常识结合起来作出准确的推断。比如考生要对报告、报纸、杂志、网络、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南等有基本的了解，这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座，选出最佳答案。浙江 2020 年 1 月-A I never knew anyone whod grownup in Jackson without being afraid of Mrs.Calloway,ourlibrarian.She ran

12、 Jacksons Carnegie Library absolutely by herself.SILENCE in big black letters was on signshung everywhere.If she thought you were dressed improperly,she sent you straight back home to change yourclothes.I was willing;I would do anything to read.My mother shared this feeling of mine.Now,I think of he

13、r as reading so much of the time while doingsomething else.I remember her reading a magazine while taking the part of the Wolf in a game of Little RedRiding Hoodnwith my brothers two daughters.She*d just look up at the right time,long enough to answer-incharacter-The better to eat you with,my dear,a

14、nd go back to her place in the magazine article.23.Where is the text probably from?A.A guidebook.B.An autobiography.C.A news report.D.A book review.【解析】通读全文可知，本文是作者在回忆自己童年时在图书馆阅读的经历，所以本文最可能出自一部自传。故选B 项。Passage 1本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是锻炼对于心脏的好处。（2022全国新高考 II 卷真题）As we age,even if were healthy,the heart just i

15、snt as efficient in processingoxygen as it used to be.In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s.And among people whodont exercise,the changes can start even sooner.“Think of a rubber band.In the beginning,it is flexible,but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will becomedry

16、 and easily broken,“says Dr.Ben Levine,a heart specialist at the University of Texas.Thafs what happens tothe heart.Fortunately for those in midlife,Levine is finding that even if you havent been an enthusiastic exerciser,getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.Levine and his research

17、 team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but wereotherwise healthy.Participants were randomly divided into two groups.The first group participated in a program ofnonaerobic（无氧）exercise-balance training and weight training-three times a week.The second group didhigh-

18、intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.After two years,thesecond group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,“says Levine.Andthe reason they got so much stro

19、nger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump（泵送）a lotmore blood during exercise.But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didnt change,hesays.“The sweet spot in life to start exercising,if you havent already,is in late middle age when the heart s

20、till hasflexibility,Levine says.We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program,and nothinghappened to them at all.Dr.Nieca Goldberg,a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association,says Levines findings are a greatstart.But the study was small and needs to be repeated with

21、far larger groups of people to determine exactly whichaspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.32.What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band?A.The right way of exercising.B.The causes of a heart attack.C.The difficulty of keeping fit.D.The aging process of the h

22、eart.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的“Think of a rubber band.In the beginning,it is flexible,but put it in a drawer for 20years and it will become dry and easily broken,says Dr.Ben Levine,a heart specialist at the University of Texas.Thats what happens to the heart.（“想想橡皮筋。一开始，它是灵活的，但把它放在抽屉里20年，它就会变得干燥，很容易破碎，德

23、克萨斯大学的心脏专家本 莱文博士说。这就是心脏的变化。片可知，莱文想通过提到橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化过程，故选Do33.In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design?A.Diet plan.B.Professional background.C.Exercise type.D.Previous physical condition.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的“The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic exerc

24、isebalance trainingand weight trainingthree times a week.The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidanceof a trainer for four or more days a week.（第一组每周参加三次非有氧运动-平衡训练和重量训练。第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4 天或更多的高强度有氧运动。户可知，两组在研究设计上的不同在于运动类型的不同，故选C。35.What does Dr.Nieca Goldberg suggest?A.Makin

25、g use of the findings.B.Interviewing the study participants.C.Conducting further research.D.Clarifying the purpose of the study.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of peopleto determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the b

26、iggest difference.（但这项研究的规模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。）”可知，妮卡 戈德堡博士建议进行进一步的研究。故选C。Passage 2本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。（2022全国新高考 I 卷真题）Like most of us,I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.The arugula（芝麻菜）was to make a nice green salad,rounding o

27、ut a roast chicken dinner.But I ended up working late.Thenfriends called with a dinner invitation.I stuck the chicken in the freezer.But as days passed,the arugula went bad.Even worse,I had unthinkingly bought way too much;I could have made six salads with what I threw out.In a world where nearly 80

28、0 million people a year go hungry,t4fbod waste goes against the moral grain J asElizabeth Royte writes in this months cover story.It?s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away一 from ugly”（but quite eatable）vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown intor

29、estaurant garbage cans.Producing food that no one eats wastes the water,fuel,and other resources used to grow it.That makes foodwaste an environmental problem.In fact,Royte writes,t4if food waste were a country,it would be the third largestproducer of greenhouse gases in the world.If thats hard to u

30、nderstand,lefs keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator.Mike Curtinsees my arugula story all the time but for him,it*s more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their lastdays.Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington,D.C.,which recovers food and turns it into

31、 healthymeals.Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished（有瑕疵的）produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields.And the strawberries?Volunteers will wash,cut,andfreeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.Such methods seem obvious,yet

32、so often we just dont think.Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to notinclude the side dish you wont eat,“Curtin says.27.What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?A.We pay

33、little attention to food waste.B.We waste food unintentionally at times.C.We waste more vegetables than meat.D.We have good reasons for wasting food.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据笫一段中的“Like most of us,I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.（像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物）”及But as days passed,the arugula went ba

34、d.Even worse,I had unthinkinglybought way too much;could have made six salads with what I threw out.（但随着时间的推移,芝麻菜变坏 了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉厂可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B。Passage 3这是一篇书评。本文简要介绍了 Dorothy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。（2022全国高考乙卷真题）In 1916,two girls of wealthy families,best fr

35、iends from Auburn,N.Y.一Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood-traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in aone-room schoolhouse.The girls had gone to Smith College.They wore expensive clothes.So for them to move toElkhead,Colo,to instruct the children whose shoes were held together

36、with string was a surprise.Their stay inElkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted:The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West byDorothy Wickenden,who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruffs granddaughter.Why did they go then?Well,they wanted to do something useful.Soon,however,they

37、realized what they hadundertaken.They moved in with a local family,the Harrisons,and,like them,had little privacy,rare baths,and a blanket ofsnow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.Some mornings,Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at theschoolhouse to find the children weeping from the co

38、ld.In spring,the snow was replaced by mud over ice.In Wickenden book,she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism,which of courseinfluenced the girls decision to go to Elkhead.A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads,whichentailed（牵涉）drilling through the Rockies,

39、often in blinding snowstorms.The book ends with Rosamond andDorothys return to Auburn.Wickenden is a very good storyteller.The sweep of the land and the stoicism（坚忍）of the people move her tosome beautiful writing.Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff,on her horse,looking down from a hill top:Whenthe

40、 sun slipped behind the mountains,it shed a rosy glow all around them.Then a full moon rose.The snow wasmarked only by small animals:foxes,coyotes,mice,and varying hares,which turned white in the winter.”25.What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?A.They enjoyed much respect.B,They had a r

41、oom with a bathtub.C.They lived with the local kids.D.They suffered severe hardships.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family,the Harrisons,and like them,had little privacy,rarebaths,and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.（他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐

42、私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。厂以及“In spring,thesnow was replaced by mud over ice.（在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。）”可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D 项。27.What is the text?A.A news report.B.A book review.C.A childrens story.D.A diary entry.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothys return to Auburn.（这本书以Rosamo

43、nd 和 Dorothy 回到奥本结束。）”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very good storyteller.The sweep of theland and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writings Wickenden 是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。）“可知，本文简要介绍了 Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B 项。Passage 1（2022江西金溪一中模拟预测）Meredith J.Eberhart co

44、mpleted the 2,190-plus mile Appalachian Trail on Sunday,becoming the oldest personto hold the honor.Eberhart has probably hiked over 50,000 miles in his life though he doesnt keep track.The 83-year-old manstarted walking when he retired more than 25 years ago,and never stopped.Eberhart started the 2

45、61-day,15-state trip back in February,with the goal of beating previous record holderDale GreybeardSanders,who finished the entire Appalachian Trail at the age of 82 in 2017.The trail covers over2,190 miles from Springer Mountain,Georgia,all the way to Mount Katahdin,Maine.However,Eberhart began his

46、journey far from the trail,at his home in Flagg Mountain,Alabama.That added hundreds of extra miles to the route,But Eberhart wasnt worried about that.He once hiked 4,400 miles from the Florida Keys to Northern Quebec,andanother time from Chicago to California on Route 66.Eberhart admitted that he w

47、as feeling his age and the trail got tough at points,even for an experienced hikerlike himself.He fell a few times on slippery rocks,and at one point he got his elbow scratched.However,theaccidents didnt stop him.Tve got a couple of injuries on me,but Tm okay,“he said,Youve got to have incredibledet

48、ermination to do this.,Eberhart hiked the trail out of order in sections so he could complete each part in fine weather.Mindful of hisage,Eberhart walked at a rate of no more than eight hours each day.He finished his journey in Massachusetts,where he celebrated with champagne wine and friends.And wh

49、ile some people think this will be his last hike,Eberhart seems to strongly disagree.1.What set Eberhart apart from other Appalachian Trail hikers?A.The maximum age.B.The longest distance.C.The minimum time.D.The steepest trail.2.Which word best describes Eherharfs journey on the Appalachian Trail?A

50、.Relaxing.B.Challenging.C.Pleasing.D.Appealing.3.Why did Eberhart hike the trails in random sections?A.To conserve his energy.B.To catch up with other hikers.C.To make use of good weather.D.To avoid getting injured.4.What can we learn from Eberhart9s success?A.Life lies in movement.B.All roads lead