什么是宾语从句定语从句状语从句高考英语.pdf

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1、 名词从句 名词从句有四类：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。例如：宾语从句：I dont know where he will go.主语从句：Where he will go is unknown.表语从句：The problem is how we can get so much money.同位语从句：We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game.下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的：1 whether 和 if 都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意，（即引导宾语从句时 if 和whether 可以互换）但以下

2、几种名词从句要用 whether（不用 if）引导：（1）引导主语从句，且在句首时。例：Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但 It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis).（2）引导表语从句时。例 The problem is whether he can get a job.（3）引导同位语从句时。例：I have no idea whether he will come.（4）介词后的 whether 从句。例：I worry about whether I hurt her fee

3、lings.2 位于句首引导主语从句的 that 不可忘。例如：That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.3 在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/that 从句”结构中，that 从句谓语有时用（should）do 这样的虚拟语气形式。例如：It is suggested that we(should)improve the relations between us.It is a pity that

4、 one(should)stay in one place all ones life.It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings（缺点）.4 在“The reason whyis that”句式中 that 不要误为 because.例如：The reason why he didn t go to school yesterday is that he was ill.5 名词从句中 that,what 用法比较：引导名词从句的 that 是连词，在句中无成份，无意义，而 what 是连接代词，

5、whatthe thing(s)that.例如：It was told in yesterday s newspaper that what the students had done was praised by the factory.I know that he will study.I know what he will study.That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all.What he works hard at is known to us all.All I ask is that you should tell

6、the truth./He is not what(the person that)he used to be.他和以前大不相同了。6 where 在名词从句中的使用特点：where 在名词从句中有时可以变为“the place where”,有时可以变为“介词the place where”形式。例如：主从：Where(The place where)she has gone is still unknown.宾从：Would you please tell me where(the place where)Mr Smith lives?表从：Your dictionary remains

7、where(in/at the place where)you put.同位从：Have you any idea where(of the place where)she is spending her holidays?7 无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序。例如：I know where he lives./Please tell me what her name is.当一个特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序（即“主谓（宾）”或“主系表”结构），将其变为间接引语（即宾语从句）时，无需改变语序。例如：What s the matter with him?She asked me what was t

8、he matter with him.Who looks after your grandfather?He asked me who looked after my grandfather.名词从句考点分析 1They want to know _ do to help us.(NMET)A.what they can B.how they can C.how can they D.what can they 析：此题要选陈述语序项，故应排除 C、D。又因 how they can do 不完整，do 后无宾 语，故也应排除，只有 A 项既是陈述语序，且 what they can do 完

9、整正确地表达出“他 们能做些什么”这一意思，故答案为 A。2His teacher _ he _ bright and _ he was worth teaching.A.didnt think;was;that B.thought;was;whether C.didnt think;was;D.thought;wasn t;析：观察题目，可知 think 后跟有 and 连接的两个并列宾语从句，这时前一个宾语从句 的引导语 that 可以省略，但引导后一宾语从句的 that 不可省略，据此，可排除 C、D 两个选项。若选 B 项，全句意思不通，而选择 A 项可表达“他的老师认为他不聪明，不

10、值得教”这一意思，且语法结构无误，故可定 A 是正确答案。3_ is done cannot be undone.A.How B.That C.What D.Where 析：do 一般作及物动词使用，从题干看，需选一词作主语（逻辑上是 done 的宾语）。而 A.How,D.Where 均是副词，不能作主语，故应排除。B 项 that 一词只能在定语从句 中作主语，不能在主语从句中作主语，也应排除。只有选 what(the thing that),才 能正确表述“凡是做的不可不做”这一意思。4Take care _ you don t make mistakes in the coming e

11、xam.A.of that B.about that C.for what D.that 析：take care 是“注意”、“当心”意，后面可跟 that 引导的宾语从句来表达“当心 不要”意思，据此，该题应选 D。5To his surprise,the umbrella was not _ he had put.A.which B.where C.the place D.that 析：观察题干，was not 后是表语，根据 where 在表语从句中相当于 in/at the place where,将其置于空白处则可表达“伞不在他当初放的地方”这一意思，而 C 选项缺少词，不可 选。A

12、、D 项皆不合用。6_ we can t get seems better than _ we have.A.what;what B.what;that C.that;that D.that;what 析：此题显然是要表达“我们得不到的东西似乎比我们得到的东西好。”这一意思，即 “A seems better that B”结构，根据 whatthe thing(s)that 这一特点，将其置 于两空白处正好可以表达出前者比后者好这一意思，故答案为 A。7_ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的和都可以引

13、导宾语从句表达是否意即引导宾语从句时和可以互换但以下几种名词从句要用不用引导引导主语从句且在句首时例但引导表语从句时例引导同位语从句时例介词后的从句例位于句首引导句中用法比较引导名词从句的是连词在句中无成份无意义而是连接代词例如他和以前大不相同了在名词从句中的使用特点在名词从句中有时可以变为有时可以变为介词形式例如主从宾从表从同位从无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序如名词从句考点分析析此题要选陈述语序项故应排除又因不完整后无宾语故也应排除只有项既是陈述语序且完整正确地表达出他们能做些什么这一意思故答案为析观察题目可知后跟有连接的两个并列宾语从句这时前一个宾语从句的A.If B.Whether C.

14、That D.Where 析：此题 depends 前的主语从句是一个不肯定的 Whether,不可用 If。故答案为 B。8_ they are most interested in is _ they can produce more and better cars.A.That;how B.What;how C.What;what D.That;that 析：is 前面是一个主语从句，要表达“他们最感兴趣的（东西）”这一意思，只能选 what 填入空白;is 是表语从句，显然只有选 how 才能表达“如何生产更多更好的汽车”，故 答案为 B。9He made a suggestion t

15、hat the English test _ until next Wednesday.A.will be put off B.be put off C.will put off D.put off 析：suggestion,order,adivce 等词后的同位语从句谓语要用（should）do 的形式，且 该句中 test 与 put off 为被动关系，故选 B。10I don t think _ he said something like that is right.A.that B.what C.whether D.when 析：此句 think 后是一宾语从句，这个宾语从句的主语

16、在 is 之前，它是一个被动句。因为 he said something like that 已经含有主、谓、宾、状等成分，只有选不表意义，不做成分的that 才合适，故选A。定语从句 一、定语从句与引导词 定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词，而引导定语从句的词叫引导词，有关系代词和关系副词两类。懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词是学好定语从句的关键。1 关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语中表语，whose 作定语。代人的有：who,whom,whose,that；代物的有：that,which,w

17、hose.例如：The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人，在定语从句中作主语)That is the person(whom/who/that)you want to see.(whom,who,that代人，在定 语从句中作宾语，可省略)I m not the fool(that)you thought me to be.(that代人，在定从中作表语)A dictionary is a useful book which(that)tells us the meaning of words(which 或 that 代物，在定从中作主语)2 关系副

18、词有：when(指时间)，where(指地点),why(指原因)，在定语从句中作状语。例如：Would you suggest a time(when)we can have a talk?(when可省略)The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.注意：不是表时间的先行词都用 when 引导定从，不是表地点的先行词都用 where 引导定从。例如：We ll visit the factory which(that)makes radio

19、s.(which 或 that 在定从中作主语，where 不可用主语，故不可用)They still remember the happy days(which/that)they spent in Beidaihe.(which 或 that 在定从中作 spent 的宾语，when 不可作宾语，故不可用)二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的和都可以引导宾语从句表达是否意即引导宾语从句时和可以互换但以下几种名词从句要用不用引导引导主语从句且在句首时例但引导表语从句时例引导同位语从句时例介词

20、后的从句例位于句首引导句中用法比较引导名词从句的是连词在句中无成份无意义而是连接代词例如他和以前大不相同了在名词从句中的使用特点在名词从句中有时可以变为有时可以变为介词形式例如主从宾从表从同位从无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序如名词从句考点分析析此题要选陈述语序项故应排除又因不完整后无宾语故也应排除只有项既是陈述语序且完整正确地表达出他们能做些什么这一意思故答案为析观察题目可知后跟有连接的两个并列宾语从句这时前一个宾语从句的或代 词；非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开，可以修饰主句中的某一个词，也可修饰整个句 子。非限制性定语从句不能用 that 引导，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。非限

21、制性定语从句例：Li Ping s father,who works in a factory,is an engineer./He tore up my photo,which made me very angry.(which指代主句 him.2）指物的先行词被 any,every,only,very,all,no 等修饰时：These are the very points that interest me./That s the only watch that I like most.3）指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：The first step that we are t

22、o take is very difficult./This is the second card that he gave me.4）先行词是指物的不定代词all,little,few,much,及 everything,anything,nothing等时：There is still much that can be done about it./Have you got everything that you need?5）先行词是 who 时：Who that have seen him does not like him?2 不用 that 的场合如下：1）非限制性定语从句中 La

23、st night,I saw a very good film,which was about the Long March.2）介词放在关系代词之前时 This is the man from whom I learnt the news 3）句中出现了 that，或先行词是 that 时 I have found that which I was looking for.四、“介词关系代词”用法 1 介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配，例如：Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(shake hands with是习惯性搭配)

24、2 介词常受先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配），例如：He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(through which 即 through the telescope)3 当关系代词作“动词介词”固定短语的宾语时，此时因定短语中的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前。例如：This is the watch which youre looking for./He is a kind of man whom you can safely depend on.五、几个名词后的引导词 1.situation 后常用 wher

25、e,in which 引导定语从句：Can you imagine a situation where/in which you can use the word?2.way(方式，方法)后常用 in which 或 that 或 how 引导定语从句，也可省略：Do you know the way(in which/that/how)he worked out the problem?3.“the same 名词”，“such 名词”，“as 名词”后通常用 as 引导定语从句。例如：I have the same dictionary as you(have)./Such a book

26、as you bought is not worth buying.定语从句考点分析 1 The best work _ Luxun wrote and _ I have read has been made into a film.A.which;that B.that;C.;that D.;析：如果两个定语从句并列，关系代词作宾语时前一句的可以省略，但后一句的不可省略，故应选 C。几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的和都可以引导宾语从句表达是否意即引导宾语从句时和可以互换但以下几种名词从句要用不用引导引导主语从句且在句首时例但引导表语从句时例引导同位语从句时例介词后的从句例位于句首引导句中用法比

27、较引导名词从句的是连词在句中无成份无意义而是连接代词例如他和以前大不相同了在名词从句中的使用特点在名词从句中有时可以变为有时可以变为介词形式例如主从宾从表从同位从无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序如名词从句考点分析析此题要选陈述语序项故应排除又因不完整后无宾语故也应排除只有项既是陈述语序且完整正确地表达出他们能做些什么这一意思故答案为析观察题目可知后跟有连接的两个并列宾语从句这时前一个宾语从句的2 It was in 1969 _ two Americans got to the moon by space ship.It was 1969 _ two Amerians got to the mo

28、on by space ship.A.when B.which C.that D.析：第一句是强调时间 in 1969,强调结构是“It was 强调部分that 句”，故应选C。第二句 It 是表时间的，先行词 1969 在从句中作状语，故选 A。3 Is this the house _ Shakespeare was born?A.at which B.which C.in which D.at where 析：观察题目，空白处只有填 in which 或 where 才能表达“这是莎士比亚出生的房子吗？”这一意思，故答案为 C。4 Is this house _ Shakespeare

29、 was born?A.where B.which C.in which D.at which 析：将此句变为陈述句；This house is _ Shakespeare was born.显然 is 后是一表语从句，只有选 where(the place where)才能表达“这是莎士比亚的出生地”这一意思，故答案为 A。5 In the dark street,there wasn t a single person _ she could turn for help.A.to whom B.of whom C.from whom D.that 析：“介词关系代词”要考虑短语搭配或与先行

30、搭配，这道题短语 turn to 有关，故 应选 A。6 The two things _ they felt very proud were Jims gold watch and Della s hair.Aabout which B.of which C.in which D.for which 析：涉及 be/feel proud of 短语，故答案为 B。7 Have you ever asked him the reason _ may explain his being late.A.why B.that C.for which D.what 析：此题易误选 A、C，因为先行词是

31、 the reason,但细观察分析，定语从句缺少主语，所以答案是 B。注意 what 不能引导定语从句。8 Farming is difficult _ there is no rain.A.where B.in place C.that D.the place where 析：因为 difficult 是形容词，故其后不是定语从句。这儿的空白处应填引导状语从句 where(in the place where),全句表达“在没有雨水的地方耕种困难”。这一意思，可见答案为 A。9 We need the same machine _ in your factory.A.which is be

32、ing used B.as is being used C.that is being used D.as it is being used 析：根据“the same 先行词”后跟 as 引导定语从句的原则，可知答案为 B。10_ the people,not things _ are most important.A.There are;who B.Those are;that C.It is;that D.It was;who 析：仔细观察分析题目，可知只有 C 构成强调句才有成立。当我们要检验视其为强调 句的判断是否正确时，只要将“It is(或 was)that”这三个词去掉，剩下部

33、分读 起来正确无误，则证明判断是正确的，反之是错误的。此题如不填“It isthat”三词，句子是 The people,not things are most important.语义完整正确，说明选 C 是对的。几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的和都可以引导宾语从句表达是否意即引导宾语从句时和可以互换但以下几种名词从句要用不用引导引导主语从句且在句首时例但引导表语从句时例引导同位语从句时例介词后的从句例位于句首引导句中用法比较引导名词从句的是连词在句中无成份无意义而是连接代词例如他和以前大不相同了在名词从句中的使用特点在名词从句中有时可以变为有时可以变为介词形式例如主从宾从表从同位从无论是哪种

34、名词从句都是陈述语序如名词从句考点分析析此题要选陈述语序项故应排除又因不完整后无宾语故也应排除只有项既是陈述语序且完整正确地表达出他们能做些什么这一意思故答案为析观察题目可知后跟有连接的两个并列宾语从句这时前一个宾语从句的 是有宾语的从句吗？看看下面的解释，体会体会 宾语从句（一）宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。宾语从句常由 that 引导，在口语中常省略。当主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句中谓语动词不受主句中谓语动词时态的 影响，按需要可以使用任何时态。如：She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday.她说她从周一至周五上班。（从句是一般现

35、在时）She says(that)she will leave a message on his desk.她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。（从句是一般将来时）She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei.她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。（从句是现在完成时）当主句谓语是过去时态，从句中的时态一般用表示过去的某种时态。如：He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.他说昨天下午没有课。（从句是一般过去时）He said(that)he was going to take care of the baby

36、.他说他会去照看这个婴儿。（从句是过去将来时）He said(that)they were having a meeting at that time.他说他们那时正在开会。（从句是过去进行时）*当主句谓语是过去时态，而宾语从句叙述某一客观真理（事实）时，宾语从句的时态则用一般现在时。如：The teacher told us(that)nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.老师告诉我们世上无难事只怕有心人。She said(that)her father is twenty-eight years older than her.

37、她说她父亲比她大二十八岁。He said that light travels much faster than sound.他说光传播比声音传播快得多。宾语从句（二）由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。引出名词性从句的连词whether 和 if，在引出宾语从句时，用法和意义相同。但是只能引出宾语从句和不在句首的主语从句，而 whether 除了引出宾语从句外，还可引出主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。例如：We dont know whether(if)it is right.我们不知道它是否正确。The question is whether she should do that.问题在于

38、她是否应该做那件事。Whether it is true remains a question.是真是假还是个问题。试比较：当if 从句处在主句之后作“是否”讲时，引出的是宾语从句。例如：I dont know if it is true.我不知道这事是否真实。当 if 从句在主句之前作“如果”讲，则引出状语从句。例如：I shall go there if I have time.如果我有时间，我将到那儿去。定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关

39、系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which 等。关系副词有：when,where,why 等。关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1）who,whom,that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that 在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（wh

40、om/that 在从句中作宾语）几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的和都可以引导宾语从句表达是否意即引导宾语从句时和可以互换但以下几种名词从句要用不用引导引导主语从句且在句首时例但引导表语从句时例引导同位语从句时例介词后的从句例位于句首引导句中用法比较引导名词从句的是连词在句中无成份无意义而是连接代词例如他和以前大不相同了在名词从句中的使用特点在名词从句中有时可以变为有时可以变为介词形式例如主从宾从表从同位从无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序如名词从句考点分析析此题要选陈述语序项故应排除又因不完整后无宾语故也应排除只有项既是陈述语序且完整正确地表达出他们能做些什么这一意思故答案为析观察题目可知后跟有连接

41、的两个并列宾语从句这时前一个宾语从句的 2)Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语,若指物，它还可以同 of which 互换）,例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮 忙。Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3）which,that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：A prosperity which/that had never been seen

42、before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/that 在句中作主语）The package(which/that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which/that 在句中作宾语）关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1）when,where,why 关系副词 when,where,why 的含义相当于"介词+which"结构，因此常常和"介词+which"结构交替使用，例如：There a

43、re occasions when(on which)one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？2）that 代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why 和"介词+which"引导的定语从句，在口语中 that 常被省略，例如：His father died

44、 the year(that/when/in which)he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。He is unlikely to find the place(that/where/in which)he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.Ill never forg

45、et the days when I worked together with you.判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）（错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（对）This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.（对）Ill never forget the days(which)I spent i

46、n the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where,when 联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的和都可以引导宾语从句表达是否意即引导宾语从句时和可以互换但以下几种名词从句要用不用引导引导主语从句且在句首时例但引导表语从句时例引导同位语从句时例介词后的从句例位于句首引导句中用法比较引导名词从句的是连词在句中无成份无意义而是连接代词例如他和以前大不相同了在名词从句中的使用特点在名词从句中有时可以变为有时可以变为介词形式例如主从宾从表从同位从无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序如名词从句考点分析析此题要选陈述语序项故应排除又因不完整后无

47、宾语故也应排除只有项既是陈述语序且完整正确地表达出他们能做些什么这一意思故答案为析观察题目可知后跟有连接的两个并列宾语从句这时前一个宾语从句的方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例 1.Is this museum _ you visited a few days age?A.where B.that C.on which D.the one 例 2.Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held.A.where B.that C.on which D.the one 答案：例 1 D，例

48、2 A 例 1 变为肯定句：This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例 2 变为肯定句：This is the museum _ the exhibition was held.在句 1 中，所缺部分为宾语，而 where,that,on which 都不能起到宾语的作用，只有 the one 既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选 D。而句 2 中,主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词 where，又因 in the museum 词组，可用介词 in+which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的

49、不对，所以选 A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语)。1)定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The house

50、,which we bought last month,is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）2)当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：Charles Smith,who was my former teacher,retired last year.查理 史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。My house,which I bought last year,has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。This novel,which I have read three