现在完成时及现在完成进行时讲解及练习高考英语_-高考英语.pdf

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1、一.现在完成时的构成:现在完成时由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。has 用于第三人称单数,have 用于其他各种人称.二.现在完成时的用法:其用法主要有三种 I.“已完成”用法:表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。1）表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。常和 just，now，already，yet，notyet等不确定的时间状语连用。Li Ming has just turned off the light.李明刚刚把灯关上。（说明现在灯关上了）Ive finished my homework now.现在我已经做完作业了。（说

2、明可以交作业或做别的了）2）表示过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着。一般不用时间状语。I have lost my pen.我把笔丢了。（说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没找到这支笔）She has become a teacher.她已经当了老师。（说明她现在仍是老师）II.“未完成”用法。表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在，可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束。常和表示一段时间的状语连用。如 today，this week（month），lately，recently，these days，in the past few days，during the last two weeks，since，sinc

3、e yesterday，since 2 days ago，since 1991，for a long time，for a month，so far，up to now，till（until）now 等。He has lived here for 30 years.他住在这儿三十年了。（现在还住在这儿）Theyve known each other since childhood.他们从小彼此相识。（现在还在往来）How long have you studied English？你学英语多久了？（现在仍在学）III.经验性用法:表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态

4、。常与频度副词如 often,always,every week,twice等连用。I have been to the Summer Palace twice.我曾经去过颐和园两次。He has always said so.他总是这么说.三.现在完成时的时间状语 I 现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago 等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。a.用副词 already 和 yet。already 一般用于肯定句中，yet 一般用于否定句和疑问句

5、中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。b.用 ever 和 never.多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗?-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如 just,before,up tonow,the past few years等。例如：

6、I have seen her before,but I can not remember where.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。He has been there three times the last few days.近几天他去过那里三次了。d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如 now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I havent.今天你见过他吗？我没有。How many times have you been there this year?今年你去过那里多少次？II

7、短暂性动词不能和表一段时间的时间状语连用。如：come,go,arrive,reach,hear,close,leave,begin,start,lose,buy,fall,join,die,get up等。但如果要保留表一段时间的时间状语，必须将动词改为延续性动词。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换 如：fall asleep(ill)b e asleep(ill)get to know know begin,(start)be on open be open buy have 的用法其用法主要有三种已完成用法表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果这一类情况可以细致分

8、为下述两种情况表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束常和等不确定的时间状语连用李明刚刚把灯关上说明现在灯关上了了说明过去某时丢的现在我还没找到这支笔她已经当了老师说明她现在仍是老师未完成用法表示动作或状态从过去某时开始持续到现在可能继续下去也可能刚刚结束常和表示一段时间的状语连用如等他住在这儿三十年了现在还住在中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态常与频度副词如等连用我曾经去过颐和园两次他总是这么说三现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时属于现在时范围故不能和过去的时间状语连用如等但是在强调动作产生的后果和影响时可以和一些get up be up die be dead go out be out come be i

9、n closebe closed arrivebe here joinbe in,be a+名词 finish(end)be over leave,move be away,borrow keep go to schoolbe a student catch(a cold)have(a cold)begin to studystudy come backbe back put onwear 或 be on 如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。

10、The film has been on for 5 minutes.电影已开始五分钟了。We have studied English for three years.我们（开始）学英语已三年了。四.几点注意事项 I.have been(to)与 have gone(to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与 once,never,several times 等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北

11、京两次。He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了。II.不可延续性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：I havent left here since 1997.自从 1997 年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I havent received his letter for almost a month.练习 一.用 since 和 for 填空 1._two years 2._two years ago 3._last month 4._

12、 1999 5._yesterday 6._ 4 oclock 7 4 hours 8._an hour ago 的用法其用法主要有三种已完成用法表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束常和等不确定的时间状语连用李明刚刚把灯关上说明现在灯关上了了说明过去某时丢的现在我还没找到这支笔她已经当了老师说明她现在仍是老师未完成用法表示动作或状态从过去某时开始持续到现在可能继续下去也可能刚刚结束常和表示一段时间的状语连用如等他住在这儿三十年了现在还住在中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态常与频度副词如等连用我曾经去过颐和园两次他总是这么

13、说三现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时属于现在时范围故不能和过去的时间状语连用如等但是在强调动作产生的后果和影响时可以和一些9._we were children 10._ lunch time 11._ she left here12.He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.13.Ive known him _ we were children.14.Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.15.She has been away from the city _ about ten yea

14、rs.16.Its about ten years _ she left the city.二.单项选择。1、Both his parents look sad.Maybe they _whats happened to him.A.knew B.have known C.must know D.will know 2、He has _ been to Shanghai,has he?A.already B.never C.ever D.still 3、Have you met Mr Li _？A.just B.ago C.before D.a moment ago 4、The famous

15、writer _ one new book in the past two year.A.is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written 5、Our country _ a lot so far.Yes.I hope it will be even _.A.has changed;well B.changed;good C.has changed;better D.changed;better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years.A.was;studying B.will;study

16、C.has;studied D.are;studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.A.know B.had known C.have known D.knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film.I_ it twice.A.will see B.have seen C.saw D.see 9、These farmers have been to the United States.Really?When _ there?A.will they go B.did they go C.do they g

17、o D.have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet?Yes.I _ it a moment ago.A.Did;do;finished B.Have;done;finished C.Have;done;have finished D.will;do;finish 11、His father _ the Party since 1978.的用法其用法主要有三种已完成用法表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束常和等不确定的时间状语连用李明刚刚把灯关上说明现在灯关上了了说明过去某时丢

18、的现在我还没找到这支笔她已经当了老师说明她现在仍是老师未完成用法表示动作或状态从过去某时开始持续到现在可能继续下去也可能刚刚结束常和表示一段时间的状语连用如等他住在这儿三十年了现在还住在中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态常与频度副词如等连用我曾经去过颐和园两次他总是这么说三现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时属于现在时范围故不能和过去的时间状语连用如等但是在强调动作产生的后果和影响时可以和一些 A.joined B.has joined C.was in D.has been in 12、Do you know him well?Sure.We _ friends since ten years ag

19、o.A.were B.have been C.have become D.have made 13、How long have you _ here?About two months.A.been B.gone C.come D.arrived 14、Hurry up!The play _ for ten minutes.A.has begun B.had begun C.has been on D.began 15、It _ ten years since he left the army.A.is B.has C.will D.was 16、Miss Green isnt in the o

20、ffice.she_ to the library.A.has gone B.went C.will go D.has been 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years.A.have been in B.have been to C.have gone to D.have been 18.The students have cleaned the classroom,?A.so they B.dont they C.have they D.havent they 19、has Mr White been a member of Greener China

21、since heto China?A.How soon,comes B.How often,got C.How long,came D.How far,arrived 20.When he arrived at the bus stop,the bus _ for 20 minutes.A.has left B.had left C.has been away D.had been away 21.The factory _ since the February of 1988.A.has been open B.has opened C.was open D.opened 22.Mary a

22、nd Rose _friends since they met in 2000.A.have made B.have been C.made D.have become 23.You mustnt_ until he comes back.A.be away B.leave C.be left 24.The meeting _ for a week now.A.has finished B.has ended C.has been over 25.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years.A.has been in B.has come to C.ha

23、s taught 的用法其用法主要有三种已完成用法表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束常和等不确定的时间状语连用李明刚刚把灯关上说明现在灯关上了了说明过去某时丢的现在我还没找到这支笔她已经当了老师说明她现在仍是老师未完成用法表示动作或状态从过去某时开始持续到现在可能继续下去也可能刚刚结束常和表示一段时间的状语连用如等他住在这儿三十年了现在还住在中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态常与频度副词如等连用我曾经去过颐和园两次他总是这么说三现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时属于现在时范围故不能和过去的时间状语连用如等但是在强调动作产生

24、的后果和影响时可以和一些26.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years.A.has been B.has become C.was D.became 27.I _ home for a week.A.have returned B.have been back C.returned 三.用 never,ever,already,just,yet,for,since 填空 1.I have _ seen him before,so I have no idea about him.2.Jack has _ finished his homework.3.Mr.Wang has ta

25、ught in this school _ ten years.4.“Have you _ seen the film?”“No,I have _ seen it.”5.“Has the bus left _?”“Yes,it has _ left.”四.用适当的时态填空：1.Shes _(live)here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them _(be)in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _(come)to Hongkong ten days ago.4.Half an hour _(pass)since t

26、he train _(leave).5.Mary_(lose)her pen._ you _(see)it here and there?6._ you _(find)your watch yet?7.-Are you thirsty?-No I _just _(have)some orange.8.We already _(return)the book.9._ they _(build)a new school in the village?10.I _(not finish)my homework.Can you help me?11.My father _(read)the novel

27、 twice.12.I _(buy)a book just now.13.I _(lost)my watch yesterday.14.My father _(read)this book since yesterday.五、划线提问 1)I have been there for two days._ _ _ you _ _?2)My father has lived here since 2000._ _ _ your father _ _?3)He left here yesterday._ _ he _ _?4)They bought a book two hours ago._ _

28、they _ a book 六.翻译下列句子：1.你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2.我刚刚丢了我的化学书。的用法其用法主要有三种已完成用法表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束常和等不确定的时间状语连用李明刚刚把灯关上说明现在灯关上了了说明过去某时丢的现在我还没找到这支笔她已经当了老师说明她现在仍是老师未完成用法表示动作或状态从过去某时开始持续到现在可能继续下去也可能刚刚结束常和表示一段时间的状语连用如等他住在这儿三十年了现在还住在中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态常与频度副词如等连用我曾经去过颐和园两次他总是这么说三现在完成时的

29、时间状语现在完成时属于现在时范围故不能和过去的时间状语连用如等但是在强调动作产生的后果和影响时可以和一些3.我以前从来没去过那个农场。4.他已经吃过午饭.5.你已经看过这部电影了吗？6.我哥哥还没回来。7.这本字典我已买了三年了。8.他离开中国三年了。9.我认识他们五年了。现在完成进行时 1 定义:现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。2 现在完成进行时的构成:现在完成进行时是由“have/has+been+动词的现在分词”构成 3 现在完成进行时的基本句型 肯定式 I/We have been working.疑问式 Have you been work

30、ing？简略回答 Yes，I/we have.No，I/we havent.肯定式 He/She/It has been working.疑问式 Has he/she/it been working？简略回答 Yes，he/she/it has.No，he/she/it hasnt.4 现在完成时的用法 1）在强调指出动作还未结束，还要继续下去。如：Ive been reading this book for two hours，but I havent finished it.这本书我已读了两个小时了，但我还没读完。Ive read this book.我已读完这本书了。2）强调动作延续时间

31、的长久或带感情色彩。She has always been working like that.她一贯是这样工作的。3）现在完成进行时也可表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情。Weve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.最近我们经常见面。5 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 1）现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性,它是现在完成时的强调形式。试比较：的用法其用法主要有三种已完成用法表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束常和等不确定的时间状语连用李明刚刚把灯关上说明现在

32、灯关上了了说明过去某时丢的现在我还没找到这支笔她已经当了老师说明她现在仍是老师未完成用法表示动作或状态从过去某时开始持续到现在可能继续下去也可能刚刚结束常和表示一段时间的状语连用如等他住在这儿三十年了现在还住在中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态常与频度副词如等连用我曾经去过颐和园两次他总是这么说三现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时属于现在时范围故不能和过去的时间状语连用如等但是在强调动作产生的后果和影响时可以和一些Weve been living here for ten years.Weve lived here for ten years.我们在这儿已经住了十年了。2）在不用时间状语的情况下，现

33、在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行。而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束。如：The students have been preparing for the exam.（还在进行）学生们一直在准备考试。The students have prepared for the exam.（已经结束）学生们为考试作了准备。3）有些表示状态，感情，感觉的动词如：have，exist，like，hate，hear，know，sound等动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。如：Theyve known each other since 1970.自从 1970 年起他们就相互认识了。练习:1.Mr L

34、i swimming for 3 hours,and his son an hour ago.A.has been,started B.have started,has started C.started,started D.Has started,has started 2.-How long you stamps?-Since two years ago.A.have,collect B.have,been collecting C.did,collect D.are,collecting 3.She had a headache because she too long.She ough

35、t to shop.A.has been reading B.had read C.is reading D.read 4.The boy TV all the morning.A.has watched B.had watched C.has been watching D.watched 5.-have you been learning to swim?-Half a year.A.How long B.How often C.How far D.When 6.Our teacher has been teaching in this school for .A.two year and

36、 a half B.two and a half year C.two years and half D.two and a half years 7.He it for two hours,and hes still watching now.A.has been watched B.watching C.has been watching D.is watching 现在完成时态练习题答案 一翻译下列句子：的用法其用法主要有三种已完成用法表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束常和等不确定的时间状语连用李明刚刚把灯关上

37、说明现在灯关上了了说明过去某时丢的现在我还没找到这支笔她已经当了老师说明她现在仍是老师未完成用法表示动作或状态从过去某时开始持续到现在可能继续下去也可能刚刚结束常和表示一段时间的状语连用如等他住在这儿三十年了现在还住在中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态常与频度副词如等连用我曾经去过颐和园两次他总是这么说三现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时属于现在时范围故不能和过去的时间状语连用如等但是在强调动作产生的后果和影响时可以和一些1.Have you ever had/eaten fish and chips?2.I have just lost my chemistry book.3.I have nev

38、er been to the farm before.4.He has already had lunch =He has had lunch already.5.Have you seen the movie yet?6.My brother hasnt come/get/been back yet =My brother hasnt returned yet.7.I have had this dictionary for three years/since three years ago.8.Has been away from China for three years.9.I hav

39、e known them for five years.10.They have been in the USA for five years.11.He has been here since he moved to Jining.12.My sister has been a college student for three years=My sister has been in college for three years.13.They have known each other since 1999.14.I have been in this school for over t

40、hree years.二、用 since 或者 for 填空 1.for 2.since 3.since 4.since 5.since 6.since 7.for 8 since 9.since 10.since 11.since 12.since 13.since 14.for 15.for16.since 四、划线提问 1.How long have,been there 2.How long has,lived here 3.When did,leave here 4.When did,buy 五、用 have(has)been 或 have(has)gone 填空。A:Where h

41、as Li Fei gone?B:He has gone to Hainan Island.A:How long has he been there?B:He has been there for three days.A:When will he come back,do you know?B:Im afraid he wont come back recently.A:Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B:Sorry,I have never been there.A:How many times has Li Fei been to t

42、hat place?B:He has been there only once.的用法其用法主要有三种已完成用法表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束常和等不确定的时间状语连用李明刚刚把灯关上说明现在灯关上了了说明过去某时丢的现在我还没找到这支笔她已经当了老师说明她现在仍是老师未完成用法表示动作或状态从过去某时开始持续到现在可能继续下去也可能刚刚结束常和表示一段时间的状语连用如等他住在这儿三十年了现在还住在中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态常与频度副词如等连用我曾经去过颐和园两次他总是这么说三现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时

43、属于现在时范围故不能和过去的时间状语连用如等但是在强调动作产生的后果和影响时可以和一些六、用 have/has been to/in,have gone to 及 go 的各种形式填空。1.has gone to 2.went to 3.has been in 4.have,been in 5.have been in 6.Have,been to;have been 7.have been in/at 8.has gone to 9.did go;went 10.go ;have been 11.are,going ;am going 12.goes 13.Did,go 14.Do,go 七

44、、综合练习:1.never 2.just,already 3.for 4.ever,never 5.yet,just/already 八.用适当的时态填空：1.lived /has been living 2.have been 3.went 4.has passed;left 5.has lost;have,seen 6.Have,found 7.have,had 8.have,returned 9.Have,built 10.havent finished 11.has read 12.bought 13.lost 14.have been reading/has read 的用法其用法主要有三种已完成用法表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束常和等不确定的时间状语连用李明刚刚把灯关上说明现在灯关上了了说明过去某时丢的现在我还没找到这支笔她已经当了老师说明她现在仍是老师未完成用法表示动作或状态从过去某时开始持续到现在可能继续下去也可能刚刚结束常和表示一段时间的状语连用如等他住在这儿三十年了现在还住在中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态常与频度副词如等连用我曾经去过颐和园两次他总是这么说三现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时属于现在时范围故不能和过去的时间状语连用如等但是在强调动作产生的后果和影响时可以和一些