现在完成时用法归纳高考英语_-.pdf

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1、现在完成时用法归纳 现在完成时（Present perfect）过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。句型 基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(done)肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语.否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+宾语.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）定义：（1）强调动作是过去发生的 （2）强调对现在的影响或结果 （3）在过去不确定的时间里发生的动作，但是结果对现在有影

2、响。但过去分词一定要选择准确。规则动词 1、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”。work-worked-worked,visit-visited-visited (2)、以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”。live-lived-lived,(3)、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i，再加“ed”。study-studied-studied,cry-cried-cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”。stop-stopped-stopped,d

3、rop-dropped-dropped 不规则动词 2、不规则动词：AAA 型 原型 过去式 过去分词 burst burst burst cast cast cast cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit hurt hurt hurt put put put set set set shut shut shut spread spread spread let let let read read read led led led AAB 型 beat beat beaten ABA 型 become became become run ran run

4、come came come 特殊情况 read read read read 原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/ABB 型 bring brought brought buy bought bought build built built burn burnt burnt catch caught caught dig dug dug feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found feed fed fed get got got hang hung hung hear heard heard hold held

5、held keep kept kept lay laid laid lead led led lose lost lost leave left left lend lent lent make made made mean meant meant meet met met pay paid paid sell sold sold shoot shot shot say said said sit sat sat stand stood stood shine shone shone sweep swept swept sleep slept slept teach taught taught

6、 tell told told think thought thought win won won ABC 型 begin began begun blow blew blown break broke broken choose chose chosen draw drew drawn drive drove driven drink drank drunk fly flew flown forgive forgave forgiven forget forgot forgotten freeze froze frozen give gave given grow grew grown kn

7、ow knew known ride rode ridden rise rose risen ring rang rung shake shook shaken sing sang sung sink sank sunk swim swam swum throw threw thrown write wrote written 用法（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has laid the tab

8、le.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)He has returned from abroad.(含义是:现在已在此地)（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与 for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.for+时段 since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来）since+时段+ago since+从句（过去时）It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）Mary has been ill for three days.I have liv

9、ed here since 1998.注：瞬间动词（buy,di e,join,lose）不能直接与 for since 连用。要改变动词 come/arrive/reach/get to-be in go out-be out finish-be over open-be open die-be dead 1.have 代替 buy My brother has had(不能用 has bought)this bike for almost four years.2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrow I have kept(不能用 have borrowed)the book

10、for quite a few days.3、用 be 替代 become How long has your sister been a teacher?4、用 have a cold代替 catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5、用 wear 代替 put on b)用“be 形容词”代终止性动词 1、be married 代 marry 2、be ill代 fall(get)ill 3、be dead 代 die 4、be asleep 代 fall(get)asleep 5、be awake 代 w

11、ake/wake up 6、be gone 代lose,die,sell,leave 7、be open 代 open 8、be closed代 close/shut 9、be missing(gone,lost)代 lose c)用“be 副词”代终止性动词 1“be on”代 start,begin 2“be up”代 get up 3“be back(to)”代 return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here(there)”代 come(arrive,reach,get)here或 go(arrive,reach,get)there等等 d)用“b

12、e 介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at+地点”代替 go to/come to 2.用 be in the army 代替 join the army 3.“be in/at+地点”代替 move to 常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表 1.have arrived at/in sw.got to/reached e/gone/moved to sw.have been in sw./at相应的介词 2.have come/gone back/returned have been back 3.have come/gone out have been out 4.have become

13、have been 5.have closed/opened have been close/open 6.have got up have been up；7.have died have been dead；8.have left sw.have been away from sw.9.have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep；10.have finished/ended/completed have been over；11.havemarried have been married；12.have started/begun to

14、 do sth.have done sth.；13.have begun have been on 14.ha ve borrowed/bought have kept/had 15.have lost havent had 16.have put on have worn 17.have caught/get a cold have had a cold；18.have got to know have known 19.have/has gone to have been in 20.have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/t

15、he army have been a member of/have been in/have been the Partys member/the league member/the soldier 用法注意 ：1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如 yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与 for,since 连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 ,如 already（肯定）,yet（否定，疑问）,just,before,recently,still,lately等:He

16、has already obtained a scholarship.I havent seen much of him recently(lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet?3.现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如 often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,on several occasion等:Have you ever been to Beijing 续到现在的动作或状态句型基本结构主语动词的过去分词肯定句主语动词的过去分词宾语否定句主语动词

17、的过去分词宾语一般疑问句主语动词的过去分词宾语特殊疑问句特殊疑问词或词组一般疑问句主语过去分词其他定义强调动作要选择准确规则动词规则动词规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同四点变化规则一般动词在词尾直接加以结尾的动词只在词尾加以辅音字母结尾的动词将变为再加重读闭音节结尾末尾只有一个辅音字词发音为型型用法现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态但其结果却和现在有联系也就是说动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在含义是现在我没有钱花了含义是现在桌子已经摆好了含义是现在仍然很虚 I have never heard Bunny say anything agai

18、nst her.I have used this pen only three times.It is still good.George has met that gentleman on several occasions.4.现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如 now,up to these few days/weeks/months/years,this morning/week/month/year,just,today,up to present,so far 等:Peter has written six papers so far.Man has now

19、learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.Up to the present everything has been successful.5.现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的

20、动作.We have had four texts this semester.6.现在完成时的完成用法 现在完成时的完成用法指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况-灯现在不亮了。)现在完成时完成用法的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently 等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once 等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morni

21、ng month year.，today 等)连用。例如：Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？7.现在完成时的未完成用法 现在完成时的未完成用法指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从 1978 年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于 1978 年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于 5 年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。)此

22、种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since 或 for 引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：up to now，so far)等。例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die 等。8.一段时间+has passed+since从句 9.现在完成时常和短语 up to now/till now,so far(意思是从过去某一确定

23、的时间一直延续到现在.)Up to/till now hes read many story books.至今他已读过好多故事书。Ive been to New York three times so far.至今我已到纽约去过三次。10 has gone(to),has been(to),has been(in)的区别 gone:去了没回 been to:去过 been in：呆了很久 11.不能与 when 连用 一般过去时和现在完成时 （1）、一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“主语+have/has+动词（V.）的过去分词”。过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙

24、述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。(2)、一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last week,two years ago,just now,in 2002 等；而现在完成时则常与 just,already,ever,never 等副词和 these days,this week,since.,for.等表示一段时间的状语连用。试比较以下几组句子，有什么区别：A:Have you seen the film?B:Did you see the film?分析：你看过这部电影吗？（A）句强调的是被问者对剧情是否

25、了解；（B）句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。A:How has he done it?B:How did he do it?分析：他是怎么做的这件事？（A）句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响；（B）句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。A:He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.B:He lived in Beijing for 8 years.分析：他在北京住了 8 年。（A）句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了 8 年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。（B）句讲的是他在北京住过 8 年，现在已经不在北京了。（3）现在完成时强调过去发生的动

26、作对现在的影响和结果，而一般过去时与现在没有联系，只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去。比：I have washed the car.我洗过了车。（看上去很漂亮）I washed the car a moment ago.我刚才洗过车了。She has watered the flowers.她已经浇了花。（不需要再浇了）She watered the flowers yesterday.她昨天浇的花。续到现在的动作或状态句型基本结构主语动词的过去分词肯定句主语动词的过去分词宾语否定句主语动词的过去分词宾语一般疑问句主语动词的过去分词宾语特殊疑问句特殊疑问词或词组一般疑问句主语过去分词其他定义

27、强调动作要选择准确规则动词规则动词规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同四点变化规则一般动词在词尾直接加以结尾的动词只在词尾加以辅音字母结尾的动词将变为再加重读闭音节结尾末尾只有一个辅音字词发音为型型用法现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态但其结果却和现在有联系也就是说动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在含义是现在我没有钱花了含义是现在桌子已经摆好了含义是现在仍然很虚 I have written the letter but I havent posted it yet.信我已经写好了，但还没有寄出。I wrote the letter last w

28、eek and I posted it three days ago.我上周写的那封信，3 天前寄出的。（3）现在完成时表示的动作或状态延续到现在并可能延续下去，而一般过去时则单纯表示过去某段时间内的经历。比：It has rained for five hours.雨已经下了 5 个小时了。It rained for five hours yesterday.昨天下了 5 个小时的雨。He has waited for her for two hours.他等她已经两个小时了。He waited for her two hours and then went home.他等她等了两个小时，然

29、后就回家了。I have reviewed two lessons this morning.今天上午我已经复习了两课。（说话时还在上午）I reviewed two lessons this morning.今天上午我复习了两课。（说话时已是下午或晚上）现在完成时与现在完成进行时相同点 1.现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作.如:I have worked in this school since 2001.I have been working here since 2001.2.现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示一段时间内进行的动作.例如:Mr.

30、Smith has taught English for 20 years.Mr.Smith has been teaching English for 20 years.以上句子用现在完成时与现在完成进行时,含义上没有什么差别,两种时态可以互相换.但两种时态也存在有意义上和用法上的差别.现在完成时与现在完成进行时不同点 1.从定义上来看,现在完成时表示的是已经完成的动作或者状态,常常与 already 已经或 ever 曾经连用,如:We have already learnt Module 3.我们已经学习了第三模块.She is the most beautiful girl I hav

31、e ever seen.她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩.而现在完成进行时则表示的是从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在,有可能还要进行下去的动作,一般不与 already 或 ever 等连用,如:We have been learning Module 4.我们一直在学习第四模块.(不一定学完)注意下面这组句子含义上的区别:I have read the novel.我看过那本书了.(已看完)I have been reading the novel.(一直在看,不一定看完)2.相对于现在完成时表示一次性,现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复.如:I have met him at the library

32、.(我在图书馆见过他.)I have been meeting him at the library.(我经常在图书馆看见他.)3.现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示刚刚结束的动作,但在含义上有区别.现在完成时强调的是动作的结果,而现在完成进行时强调的则是动作的过程.如:You look so tired,what have you been doing 你看起来很累,做什么了(强调动作)We are very tired.Weve been cleaning the house.我们很累,我们刚才在打扫房子.(强调该动作所导致)Weve cleaned the house.You may

33、come in now.我们打扫过房子了,你可以进来了.(强调结果房子干净)4.现在完成进行时态不能用来谈某个动作的具体次数或几件事情.这时,我们要用现在完成时态.如:I have been drinking five cups of coffee this afternoon.()I have drunk five cups of coffee this afternoon.5.现在完成时强调事实;而现在完成进行时则强调动作,并且常含有喜悦,愤怒,不满,厌恶等感情色彩.如:The lazy boy has lain in bed for a whole day.这个懒孩子在床上躺了一天.(强

34、调事实)The lazy boy has been lying in bed for a whole day.这个懒孩子在床上躺了一天了.(强调动作,含有对小男孩厌恶的感情色彩)6.如果没有时间状语,现在完成进行时有延续性,现在完成时没有.如:Ive been cleaning the house but I still havent finished.Ive cleaned the house,but I still havent finished.()时间状语 现在完成时是一个与过去时间和现在时间都有关系的时态，因此，具有这样特征的时间状语都可以与现在完成时连用，具体情况有以下几种：1.与

35、表示一段时间的状语连用，如“for 段时间”，“since 时间点”。例如：We have lived in this city for more than 40 years.我们在这个城市里已经生活了 40 多年。We have lived in this city since 1958.我们从 1958 年起就住在这个城市里。从以上两个例句我们可以看出，与表示一段时间的状语连用时，谓语动词常为 stay,live,teach,learn,work,sleep,read,wait,keep 等具有延续性意义的动词。2.与笼统表示过去时间的状语连用，如 already,never,ever,j

36、ust 等。含有这类时间状语的句子，其谓语动词表示句中的行为或动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响。例如：Ive just found this library book.我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。have found 这一动作发生在过去，但影响到现在，即现在图书馆的书在我这儿。just 所表示的“刚才”是与现在有密切相关的过去时间。How beautifully she sings!I have never heard a better voice.她唱得多美啊！我从来没听到过比这更优美的歌喉。never 表示广义的过去，而且一直到目前才截止。续到现在的动作或状态句型基本结构主语动词的过去分词肯定

37、句主语动词的过去分词宾语否定句主语动词的过去分词宾语一般疑问句主语动词的过去分词宾语特殊疑问句特殊疑问词或词组一般疑问句主语过去分词其他定义强调动作要选择准确规则动词规则动词规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同四点变化规则一般动词在词尾直接加以结尾的动词只在词尾加以辅音字母结尾的动词将变为再加重读闭音节结尾末尾只有一个辅音字词发音为型型用法现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态但其结果却和现在有联系也就是说动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在含义是现在我没有钱花了含义是现在桌子已经摆好了含义是现在仍然很虚 3.与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用

38、，如 lately,recently,in the past few years,these few years,these days,up to now,so far 等。例如：How have you been recently？你近来状况如何？The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years.那位著名的作家在过去的两年里写了一本新书。Have you seen her parents these days?这些天你看见她的父母了吗？The Browns have visited a lot of places i

39、n China so far.迄今为止，布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去时间的状语连用，如 yesterday,last week,in 2002,three days ago 等，因为它们与现在毫无关联。比如我们不能说：Han Mei has seen the film two days ago.因为 two days ago 是单纯指过去的一个时间点，只说明“看”这一动作是在两天前发生的，与现在无关。但是，只要将它改为 since two days ago 就可以用在现在完成时的句子里了，因为它已经含有从过去到现在的时间段的意义了。()1.Youve n

40、ever seen such a wonderful film before,_?A.havent you B.have you C.do you D.dont you ()2.I have watched the game.When _ you _ it?A.have;watched B.do;watch C.did;watch D.will;watch()3.Mr.Green _ in China since five years ago.A.lived B.has lived C.lives D.is going to live()4.His grandma _ for two year

41、s.A.died B.has died C.was dead D.has been dead ()5.Where is Han Mei now?She _ to Shanghai.She will be back in two days.A.has gone B.has been C.goes D.had gone()6._ you _to the United Stated?No,never,but I went to Canada a few years ago A.Have;been B.Have;gone C.Did;go D.Do;go()7.You havent changed y

42、our mind,_?A.do you B.are you C.have you D.did you()8.How long have you _ the football team of the school?A.played B.been at C.joined D been on ()9.Where have you _ these days?I have _ to Kunming with my friends.A been,gone B been,been C gone,been D gone,gone()10.How long have you _ this book?A.boug

43、ht B.borrowed C.had D.lent()11.Excuse me,_ you seen the film yet?Yes,I _ it last night.A have,see B have,have seen C have,seen D have,saw()12.He has never ridden a horse before,_?A.is he B.isnt he C.hasnt he D.has he 二将下列各句改写成现在完成时。1.The teacher wrote some new words on the blackboard._2.I finished m

44、y homework._3.They didnt have lunch._ 4.I washed my clothes._ 5.I didnt do my homework._ 三用正确的动词形式填空。每空一词。1.A:Hello!Have you_(see)my pen?I cant _(find)it.B:Im afraid I havent.2.A:Excuse me.Have you _(see)my pen?I _(put)it on the shelf a moment ago.B:Oh,yes,I have.Im sorry I forgot to _(give)it back

45、to you.3.A:Mary,Ive_(lose)my cap.Have you _(see)it anywhere?B:Look!Its over there.I _(see)you put it there.4.A:Have you _(find)your knife yet?B:Not yet.5.A:John,_ you _(return)my pen yet?B:Not yet.Dont worry!I _ _(return)it soon.6.A:Jim,_ you _(write)a letter to your aunt?B:Yes,I _.A:When _ you _ it

46、?(write)B:I _(write)one last week.四.选择填空。1.He has finished his work,_.A.have I so B.so I have C.so have I D.I have so 2.I work in this factory,and _.A.so does my father B.so my father does c.so is my father D.so my father is 3.Wang Hua was late for school yesterday._.A.So was peter B.So does Peter C

47、.So did Peter D.Peter did so 4.My mother didnt go to the film,and _.A.so did I B.so have I C.neither have I D.neither did I 5.We like playing football._.A.So is Peter B.Neither is PeterC.So does Peter D.So Peter does 姓名 _ 班级_ 得分_ I、单项选择(60 分)1.Listen!Some of the girls _ about Harry Potter.Lets join

48、them.A.are talkingB.talk C.were talking D.talked 2.She will have a holiday as soon as she _ the work next week.A.finishes B.doesnt finish C.will finish D.wont finish 3.Wheres Jim?He _ to the shop.Hell be back in an hour.A.goes B.go C.has gone D.will go 4.Our teacher,Miss Chen,_ English on the radio

49、the day before yesterday.A.teaches B.taught C.will teach D.had taught 5.I dont think I_ you in that dress before.A.have seen B.seeing C.saw D.see 6.Is your father in?No,he _ for three hours.A.was not B.has been outC.went out D.has gone out 7.There _ a football game this afternoon.A.will haveB.is goi

50、ng to beC.has D.are going to be 续到现在的动作或状态句型基本结构主语动词的过去分词肯定句主语动词的过去分词宾语否定句主语动词的过去分词宾语一般疑问句主语动词的过去分词宾语特殊疑问句特殊疑问词或词组一般疑问句主语过去分词其他定义强调动作要选择准确规则动词规则动词规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同四点变化规则一般动词在词尾直接加以结尾的动词只在词尾加以辅音字母结尾的动词将变为再加重读闭音节结尾末尾只有一个辅音字词发音为型型用法现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态但其结果却和现在有联系也就是说动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在