高考必考语法精讲精练专题十：名词性从句含解析高考英语_-高考.pdf

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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 高考必考语法精讲精练 语法专题十：名词性从句 名词性从句是比较重要的语法项目。2017 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲附录语法项目表中对名词性从句列了四项：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。全国卷新课标对名词性从句的考查一般在语法填空和短文改错中，主要考查从句引导词的用法。2015 年高考全国卷没有考查名词性从句。2016 年高考全国卷第 71 题（短文改错）考查了宾语从句的引导词，My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.本句中须将 that 改为 where。2017 年高考全国卷没

2、有考查了名词性从句。在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。名词可以充当句子的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，因此，名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。What was most important to her was her family.(主语从句)I dont know what you want to say.(宾语从句)The good news is that we have won the game.(表语从句)The news that we have won the game is true.(同位语从句)引导名词性从句的关联词：从属连词 that,beca

3、use 疑问代词 who,whom,whose,which,what,whether,if 疑问副词 when,where,why,how,缩合连接词 whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever,however,whenever,wherever 关联短语 as if,as though 注意：连词 that 在引导名词性从句时无词义，不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不能省略，在引导宾语从句时，口语或非正式的文体中常被省去；疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接词以及关联短语在句中既保留自己的含义又起连接作用，在从句中充当成分。名词性从句一般都

4、用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。例如：The problem is what he has done to the little boy.We all dont know when he will come.1.主语从句 在复合句中作主语的句子叫主语从句 主语从句通常由从属连词 that，whether 和连接代词 what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词 how,when,where,why等词引导。例如：That he stole a bike was true.What he wants to tell us is not clear.Who

5、will win the match is still unknown.Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.学习必备 欢迎下载 Whether he can pass the exam depends on whether he study hard or not.Whatever you do is none of my business.Whoever comes to our library will be welcome.单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语

6、从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。例如：Where and when he was born has not been found.When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown.主语从句比较长的时候，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用 it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1）It+be+名词+主语从句。例如：It is a fact that he has gone abroad.It is a pity that you missed t

7、he sports meeting last week.（2）It+be+形容词+主语从句。例如：It is obvious that he told a lie.It is certain that he will win the game.（3）It+be+过去分词+主语从句。例如：It is said that she will come to the party tomorrow.It has not been announced when the plane are to take off.（4）It+不及物动词+主语从句。例如：It happened that the meetin

8、g was canceled that day.It occurred to me that I had forgotten to bring my wallet.注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气(should)+do，常用的句型是：It is necessary/important/natural/strange/essential,etc.)that 例如：Its necessary that you should study hard.It is strange that he should say that.It is essenti

9、al that a college student should master at least a foreign language.2.宾语从句 在复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。例如：I want to know what he has told you.She always thinks of how she can work well.She will give whoever needs help a warm support.1).由连接词 that 引导的宾语从句 由连接词

10、 that 引导宾语从句时，that 在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的 that 不可省。例如：He has told me(that)he will leave Wuhan and that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.注意:在 insist,suggest,advise,decide,demand,desire,require,request,order,command等表示“坚持、建议、决定、要求、命令”（“坚决要命”）等意义的动词后，宾语从句中谓语部分常用 虚拟语气，即 should+动词原形。

11、例如：I insist that she(should)do her work alone.The commander ordered that troops(should)set off at once.但是,如果 suggest 作“表明、暗示”讲,insist 作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中校招生全国统一考试大纲附录语法项目表中对名词性从句列了四项主语从句宾语从句表语从句和同位语从句全国卷新课标对名词性从句的考查一般在语法填空和短文改错中主要考查从句引导词的用法年高考全国卷没有考查名词性从合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句名词可以充当句子的主语宾语表语和同位语因此名词性从

12、句包括主语从句宾语从句表语从句和同位语从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句引导名词性从句的关联词从属连词疑问代词疑句和同位语从句中不能省略在引导宾语从句时口语或正式的文体中常被省去疑问代词疑问副词缩合连接词以及关联短语在句中既保留自己的含义又起连接作用在从句中充当成分名词性从句一般都用陈述句的语序即使从句表达的是疑学习必备 欢迎下载 用陈述语气。例如：The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination.The boy insisted that he had not stolen the money.2).用

13、whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句 whether 和 if 均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有 or not 时或介词后的宾语从句中只能用 whether 连接。其它名词性从句，如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中表示“是否”只用 whether.介词后的宾语从句一般不用 which 和 if 引导，要用 whether 和 what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在 except,but,besides 等之后才用。例如：I dont care about whether you have money or not.Everything depends on wheth

14、er we have enough money.He seldom loses his temper except that you make a fool of him.3).宾语从句中的时态呼应 宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态。例如：I know that he studies English every day.I know that he studied English last term.I know(that)he will study English next year.We all know that

15、he has studied English since 1998.如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的语动只能用过去时的某种形式，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等。例如：We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house.The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.4).当主句

16、是 I/We think(suppose,expect,believe,guess,imagine)时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词 not 从从句中转移到主句中成为否定的转移。例如：We dont believe that he will win the game.I dont think he will do so.注意：doubt 用于肯定结构时，后面用 whether/if 引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用 that 引导名词性从句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接 that 引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接 whether/if 引导的名词性

17、从句。例如：I doubt whether he will come tomorrow.There is no doubt that he will come tomorrow.I am sure that he will win the game.I am not sure whether he will win the game.3.表语从句 在复合句中作表语的句子叫表语从句。表语从句常放在系动词之后。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用 as if,because 引导。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+表语从句。例如：The fact is th

18、at we have lost the game.Thats just what I want.This is where our problem lies.That is why he didn t come to the meeting.It looks as if it is going to rain.校招生全国统一考试大纲附录语法项目表中对名词性从句列了四项主语从句宾语从句表语从句和同位语从句全国卷新课标对名词性从句的考查一般在语法填空和短文改错中主要考查从句引导词的用法年高考全国卷没有考查名词性从合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句名词可以充当句子的主语宾语表语和同位语因此名词性从

19、句包括主语从句宾语从句表语从句和同位语从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句引导名词性从句的关联词从属连词疑问代词疑句和同位语从句中不能省略在引导宾语从句时口语或正式的文体中常被省去疑问代词疑问副词缩合连接词以及关联短语在句中既保留自己的含义又起连接作用在从句中充当成分名词性从句一般都用陈述句的语序即使从句表达的是疑学习必备 欢迎下载 This is because he missed the train by one minute.注意：当主语是 reason 时，表语从句要用 that 引导而不是 because。例如：The reason why he was late was that

20、 he missed the train by one minute this morning.4.同位语从句 在复合句中作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。同位语从句用于解释说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后,如 news,idea,information,fact,hope,thought,belief 等，用来说明名词所表示的具体内容，引导同位语从句的连接词通常有that,whether 和连接副词 when,where,why,how；连接代词 who，what，whose，which 也可以引导同位语从句。例如：The news that he won t

21、he first place was true.It is a question how he did it.The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.We havent settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.I have no idea when she will be back.The question who should do the work requires consider

22、ation.同位语从句一般紧跟在被解释的名词之后，但有时候也可以分开，将从句放在句末。例如：The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule should be adopted.Word came that Mr.President would come and inspect our school.5.同位语从句与定语从句的区别（1）定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句解释说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。The plane that has just taken off is for Paris.（

23、定语从句）The fact that he has died is quite clear.（同位语从句）（2）定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词 that 引导，在从句中不充当句子成分；where,when,how,who,whether,what 等连词也可以引导同位语从句，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。The news that he told me is true.（定语从句）The news that he has just died is true.（同位语从句）The problem that

24、 were facing now is how we can collect so much money.(定语从句)The problem how we can collect so much money is hard to solve.（同位语从句）The question that he raised puzzled all of us.（定语从句）The question whether he is sure to win the game is hard to answer.（同位语从句）（3）同位语从句与先行词一般可以用 be 动词发展成一个完整的句子,而定语从句则不能。如：Th

25、e idea that we can ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.（同位语从句）The idea is that we can ask the teacher for advice.The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all.（同位语从句）The fact is that the earth moves around the sun.Pay attention to the problem how we can protect the wild 校招生全国统一考试大

26、纲附录语法项目表中对名词性从句列了四项主语从句宾语从句表语从句和同位语从句全国卷新课标对名词性从句的考查一般在语法填空和短文改错中主要考查从句引导词的用法年高考全国卷没有考查名词性从合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句名词可以充当句子的主语宾语表语和同位语因此名词性从句包括主语从句宾语从句表语从句和同位语从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句引导名词性从句的关联词从属连词疑问代词疑句和同位语从句中不能省略在引导宾语从句时口语或正式的文体中常被省去疑问代词疑问副词缩合连接词以及关联短语在句中既保留自己的含义又起连接作用在从句中充当成分名词性从句一般都用陈述句的语序即使从句表达的是疑学习必备 欢迎

27、下载 animals.（同位语从句）The problem is how we can protect the wild animals.高考英语短文改错及语法填空分析与训练 名词性从句 考点规律分析:名词性从句短文改错改错考点主要涉及从句引导词的误用、缺失以及多余。语法填空主要涉及从句引导词的选择。名词性从句单句改错之真题训练：1.but it didnt matter that I would win or not.(全国卷)2.(2016 全国卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live 3.(2016 全国)T

28、he summer holiday is coming.My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.4.Besides,I have few friends,I dont know that they dont like to talk with me.(全国卷)名词性从句单句改错之提升训练：1.Its uncertain that the experiment is worth doing.2.That is hard is to do good all ones life and never do a

29、nything bad.3.What the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.4.What he really means is what he disagrees with us.5.If we can finish translating the book depends on the time.6.That is that Lu Xun once lived.7.The fact which she had not said anything surprised all of us.8.There is no doubt whe

30、ther he will come tomorrow.9.The reason why he was late was because he missed the train by one minute this morning.10.That he wants to tell us is not clear.名词性从句单句语法填空之真题训练：1.(2016 全国，阅读 B)We now realize _ important family is and how important to be near them,especially when youre raising children.2

31、.(2016 全国，阅读 B)Members leave books on park benches and buses,in train stations and coffee shops._ finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.3.(2016 全国，阅读 D)The journey was intended to achieve more than _Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.4.(2016 北京，29)The most pleasant th

32、ing of the rainy season is_one can be entirely dust.5.(2016 四川，七选五)Scientists are still not exactly sure _genes influence aging,but they believe that they do.6.(2016 江苏，21)It is often the case_anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.7.(2015 湖南，26)You have to know _ youre going if you are

33、to plan the best way of getting there.8.(2015 北京，33)I truly believe _ beauty comes from within.9.(2015 重庆，8)We must find out _ Karl is coming,so we can book a room for him.10.(2015 四川，8)The exhibition tells us_we should do something to stop air pollution.11.(2015 安徽，25)A ship in harbor is safe,but t

34、hats not_ships are built for.12.(2014 大纲全国，24)Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain，but it was probably around 1565.学习札记：校招生全国统一考试大纲附录语法项目表中对名词性从句列了四项主语从句宾语从句表语从句和同位语从句全国卷新课标对名词性从句的考查一般在语法填空和短文改错中主要考查从句引导词的用法年高考全国卷没有考查名词性从合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句名词可以充当句子的主语宾语表语和同位语因此名词性从句包括主语从句宾语从句表

35、语从句和同位语从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句引导名词性从句的关联词从属连词疑问代词疑句和同位语从句中不能省略在引导宾语从句时口语或正式的文体中常被省去疑问代词疑问副词缩合连接词以及关联短语在句中既保留自己的含义又起连接作用在从句中充当成分名词性从句一般都用陈述句的语序即使从句表达的是疑学习必备 欢迎下载 参考答案及解析 名词性从句单句改错之真题训练：1.that 改为 whether，whether 与 or not 搭配，表示“是否”2.thatwhere 考查从句连词。该句是宾语从句，意为“靠近我住的地方”，that 改为 where。3.howwhat 考查疑问词的用法。我和同学

36、们正在谈论假期里做什么。固定表达 what to do，如何用 how 结构为 how to do sth。4.that 改为 why，why 引导宾语从句，表示原因 名词性从句单句改错之提升训练：1.that 改为 whether 考查宾语从句引导词，whether 表示“是否”2.That 改为 What，表示“.的事情”，引导主语从句 3.What 改为 that，引导主语从句，不翻译，无实际意义.4.第二个 what 改为 that，引导表语从句 5.If 改为 whether，表示“是否”，引导主语从句 6.第二个 that 改为 where，引导表语从句，其中 where 作从句的

37、地点状语。7.which 改为 that，引导同位语从句。8.whether 改为 that，There is no doubt that.意为“毫无疑问”，用 that 引导同位语从句。9.because 改为 that，that 引导表语从句。The reason why.Is/was that.为固定句式，意为“.的原因是.”10.That 改为 What，引导主语从句，表示“.的事情”名词性从句单句语法填空之真题训练：1how 考查宾语从句的连接词。根据后面的 how important 可以看出此处也是填 how。2whoever 考查名词性主句中的主语从句。句意：无论是谁发现了他们

38、的书，都去那儿，并记录下他们是在哪儿发现的书。3what 考查名词性从句，引导词在从句中做 had done 的宾语，故用 what。4that 考查名词性从句。句意：雨季最令人愉快的事情是人可以完全免于尘埃。分析句子结构可知 is 后的表语从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，故选 D 5how 句意：科学家仍然不确定基因是如何影响人的年龄的，但是他们相信会影响。用how 最为贴切。6that 考查主语从句的引导词。句意：通常情况下，对于那些坚持希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。本句中的 it 为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的名词性从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分也不缺意义，故要用 that 引导。7where

39、 句意：如果你要计划到达某地的最佳路线，你必须首先知道你想要去哪？where引导宾语从句，在从句中用作地点状语。8that 句意：我真的相信美来自人的内心。宾语从句意思完整只缺连接词，故用 that。9 when 句意：我们必须知道他什么时候来，以便我们能给他预定房间。根据后面的 so we can book a room for him 可知这里指时间，故用 when 引导。10why 考查宾语从句。句意：这个展览告诉了我们，我们为什么要阻止空气污染。宾语从句缺少状语，根据意义为 why。11what 句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。该题考查表语从句。isnt 后跟从句

40、作表语，表语从句中的 for 后缺少宾语，用 what 引导，what 与 for 连用，表示目的。What 在句中既作连接词又作从句的中 for 的宾语。校招生全国统一考试大纲附录语法项目表中对名词性从句列了四项主语从句宾语从句表语从句和同位语从句全国卷新课标对名词性从句的考查一般在语法填空和短文改错中主要考查从句引导词的用法年高考全国卷没有考查名词性从合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句名词可以充当句子的主语宾语表语和同位语因此名词性从句包括主语从句宾语从句表语从句和同位语从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句引导名词性从句的关联词从属连词疑问代词疑句和同位语从句中不能省略在引导宾语从句时

41、口语或正式的文体中常被省去疑问代词疑问副词缩合连接词以及关联短语在句中既保留自己的含义又起连接作用在从句中充当成分名词性从句一般都用陈述句的语序即使从句表达的是疑学习必备 欢迎下载 12when 考查名词性从句。句意：马铃薯被引入欧洲的确切时间是不确定的，但是大约是在 1565 年。根据句意 when 引导一个主语从句，且在从句中作时间状语。故填 when。校招生全国统一考试大纲附录语法项目表中对名词性从句列了四项主语从句宾语从句表语从句和同位语从句全国卷新课标对名词性从句的考查一般在语法填空和短文改错中主要考查从句引导词的用法年高考全国卷没有考查名词性从合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句名词可以充当句子的主语宾语表语和同位语因此名词性从句包括主语从句宾语从句表语从句和同位语从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句引导名词性从句的关联词从属连词疑问代词疑句和同位语从句中不能省略在引导宾语从句时口语或正式的文体中常被省去疑问代词疑问副词缩合连接词以及关联短语在句中既保留自己的含义又起连接作用在从句中充当成分名词性从句一般都用陈述句的语序即使从句表达的是疑