规则动词的过去式由外语学习语法 _外语学习-语法 .pdf

《规则动词的过去式由外语学习语法 _外语学习-语法 .pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《规则动词的过去式由外语学习语法 _外语学习-语法 .pdf（5页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、学习必备 欢迎下载 规则动词的过去式由“动词原形+-ed”构成，具体变化有：1.直接在词尾加-ed。如:want wanted,work worked,needneeded,clean cleaned 2.以不发音的 e 结尾的在词尾加-d。如：likeliked,live lived,use used,move moved 3.以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop stopped,trip tripped 元音：a e i o u 辅音：b d g v r z n p m t c（k g)f l s h j x 重读闭音节法：两个辅

2、音间夹着一个元音。4.以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，先把 y 变成 i，再加-ed。如：study studied,carry carried,hurry hurried,marry married 不规则动词的过去式构成：（1）把动词原形中的 i 改为 a，变成过去式。如：beginbegan，drink drank，give gave，ring rang，sing sang，sit sat，swimswam（2）把重读开音节中的 i 改为 o，变成过去式。如：drivedrove，ride rode，write wrote（3）改动词原形中的 awow为 ew，变成过去式。如：draw d

3、rew，growgrew，knowknew，throw threw（动词 show 除外，showshowed）（4）动词原形中的e 改为 o，变成过去式。如：get got，forget forgot（5）动词原形中的ee 改为 e，变成过去式。如：feedfed，meetmet（6）动词原形中的eep 改为 ept，变成过去式。如：keepkept，sleep slept（7）动词原形中的 eak 改为 oke，变成过去式。如：break broke，speak spoke（8）动词原形中的 ell 改为 old，变成过去式。如：sellsold，tell told（9）动词原形中的 an

4、 改为 oo，变成过去式。如：stand stood，understand understood（10）以 ought 和 aught 结尾的过去式。如：bringbrought，buy bought，think thought，catch caught，teach taught（11）以 ould 结尾的情态动词过去式。如：cancould，shall should，will would（12）把动词原形中的 o 改为 a，变成过去式。如：comecame，becomebecame（13）在动词原形后加 d 或 t 变成过去式。如：hear heard，say said，meanmeant（

5、14）动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如：letlet，mustmust，put put，read read（15）不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如：am，is was，are were，build built，dodid，eat ate，fall fell，feel felt，find found，fly flew，gowent，have has had，hold held，leave left，makemade，maymight，runran，see saw，take took 学习必备 欢迎下载 动词的 ing 形式作表语，定语和宾补 一、动词-ing形式作表语（表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动

6、词如 be 之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。）1.表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.(=keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job)她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。2.表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词 ing 相当一个形容词）The problem is quite puzzling.这个问题很令困惑。3.常用来作表语的现在分词有 astonishing,amusing,confusing,disa

7、ppointing,boring,encouraging,inspiring,moving,tiring,interesting,surprising等。二、动词-ing形式作定语（在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语）1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。a reading room=a room which is used for reading 阅览室 running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋 a working method=a method for working 工作方法 表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在

8、意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。developing countries=countries that are developing 发展中国家 an ordinary-looking house=a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子 a puzzling problem=a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题 2 作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。They lived in a house facing sou

9、th.(=which is facing south)他们住在一所朝南的房子里。Do you know the boy playing basket?（=Who is playing basket)你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？The man visiting Japan(=the man who is visiting Japan)is my uncle 正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。三、动词-ing形式作宾补（补充说明宾语）1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后 面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。When we returned,we found a s

10、tranger standing in front of the house.2、当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语补足语 的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。They found the film very exciting.一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词先双写结尾的辅音字母再加如元音辅音重读闭音节法两个辅音间夹着一个元音以辅音字母加结尾的动词先把变成再加如不规则动词的过去式构成把动词原形中的改为变成过去式如词原形中的改为变成过去式如动词原形中的改为变成过去式如动词原形中的改为变成过去式如动词原形中的改为变成过去式如动词原形中的改为变成过去式如以和结尾的过去式如以结尾的情态

11、动词过去式如把动词原形中的改为变成备欢迎下载动词的形式作表语定语和宾补阅览室一动词形式作表语表语是谓语的一部分它位于系动词如之后说明主语身份特征属性或状态表示主语的内容可以转换到句首作主语她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净表示主语具有的特征学习必备 欢迎下载 =The film is found very exciting.3、能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:1)表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，（常见的有 see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,look at,listen to 等）+sb+doing sth（作宾补）I felt somebody

12、standing behind me.2)表示指使意义的动词使役动词，（常见的有 have,set,keep,get,catch,leave 等）+sb/sth+doing sth(作宾补）We kept the fire burning all night long.我们让火整夜燃烧着。I wont have you running about in the room.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。4、see,hear,feel,watch 等动词之后用-ing形式 和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：We heard the telephone ring.We heard the telepho

13、ne ringing.前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示（或强调）动作的全过程。练习：1.Can China rid the country of_(hungry).2.All the _(equip)should be changed.3.The reporters said that they wanted_ _(free)of speech.4.I would rather you _(be)not here now.5.Li ming speaks English fluently as if he _(be)an Englishman.6.It was thanks _ _his adv

14、ice that I succeeded.7.In my view,students should focus their attention _ study.8.The special strain of rice makes _ _possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.9.Dr.Yuan grows _ _is called super hybrid rice.10.Miss liu s holiday in Guangzhou led to her_ _(marry)a man from New

15、 Zealand.11.I think it no use _ _(argue)with him.12.-What do you think made Mary so upset?-_ _(lose)her new bicycle,I think.13.While shopping,people sometimes cant help_ _(persuade)into buying things they dont really need.14.When we watched national flag_ _(raise)in the Olympic Games on TV,we raised

16、 a cheer.15.To help him _ _(mean)delaying more than a week or so.16.After his death,the rest of his money _ _(give)to his son,which made the young boy very happy.17.It was in a shop nearby_ _ I bought my new handbag.18.The fine weather makes _ _possible for us to go for an outing next week.19.We got

17、 three times as many people_ _we had expected.20.It _ _(observe)that 40 percent of patients had high blood pressure.21.Professor Smith,along with his assistants,_ _(work)on the project day and 一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词先双写结尾的辅音字母再加如元音辅音重读闭音节法两个辅音间夹着一个元音以辅音字母加结尾的动词先把变成再加如不规则动词的过去式构成把动词原形中的改为变成过去式如词原形中的改

18、为变成过去式如动词原形中的改为变成过去式如动词原形中的改为变成过去式如动词原形中的改为变成过去式如动词原形中的改为变成过去式如以和结尾的过去式如以结尾的情态动词过去式如把动词原形中的改为变成备欢迎下载动词的形式作表语定语和宾补阅览室一动词形式作表语表语是谓语的一部分它位于系动词如之后说明主语身份特征属性或状态表示主语的内容可以转换到句首作主语她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净表示主语具有的特征学习必备 欢迎下载 night to meet the deadline.22.There is _ _h in the word hour.23.This is not his fault.Make an

19、_(apologize)to him.24.Children show great_ _(curious)in everything.25.What you said is _ _I want to do.26.I dont know _ _ he will come or not this afternoon.27.Recent pressure at work may account _ _ his strange behavior.28.How I look forward to_ _(invite)to take part in his birthday party.29 He has

20、 met a lot of difficulties in his study and he doesnt know _ _he will solve them in such a short time.答案：It；equipment；freedom；were；were；to；on；hunger；what；as；arguing；Losing；being persuaded；raised；means；was given；that；it；marrying；was observed；how an；apology；curiosity；what；whether；for；being invited；is

21、working 单项选择 1.About 2000 people,_ were Europeans,worked on the project.A.a lot of them B.many of whom C.plenty of who D.a lot of which 2.What _ it be?It _ be a mail box,for it is moving.It _ be a car.A.must musnt,can B.can,mustnt,must C.can,cant,must D.may,cant,must 3.Hello!Is that Lizzy Yes,_ a.sp

22、eaking b.Im c.this is Lizzy d.Lizzy speaking A.Only c is right B.c and d are right C.only b is wrong D.All are correct 4.East of the mountain _ two small villages,_ my hometown.A.lies,one of which is B.lies,where lies C.lie,one of which D.are,that is 5.He didnt _ asking me the time any longer as he

23、had had his watch _.A.keep on,repairing B.keep,repaired C.stop,repaired D.go on,repair 6.How many provinces _ China _?A.does,make up of B.do make up C.is,made up of D.are,made up of 7.It was a great success that Bob Geldof _ all the pop stars to come and sing at one of the big concerts.A.tried to pe

24、rsuade B.tried to advise C.managed D.persuaded 8.Ill be away on a business trip.Would you mind looking after my cat?Not at all,_ 一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词先双写结尾的辅音字母再加如元音辅音重读闭音节法两个辅音间夹着一个元音以辅音字母加结尾的动词先把变成再加如不规则动词的过去式构成把动词原形中的改为变成过去式如词原形中的改为变成过去式如动词原形中的改为变成过去式如动词原形中的改为变成过去式如动词原形中的改为变成过去式如动词原形中的改为变成过去式如以

25、和结尾的过去式如以结尾的情态动词过去式如把动词原形中的改为变成备欢迎下载动词的形式作表语定语和宾补阅览室一动词形式作表语表语是谓语的一部分它位于系动词如之后说明主语身份特征属性或状态表示主语的内容可以转换到句首作主语她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净表示主语具有的特征学习必备 欢迎下载 A.Ive no time B.I wont prefer C.Id like it D.Ill be happy to 9.Seeing the sun _ above the surface of the sea,we let out a shout of joy.A.to rist B.to raise C.

26、rising D.raising 10.Id like _ information about the management of your hotel,please.Well,you could have a word with the manager.He _ be helpful.A.some,might B.some,may not C.a,might D.a,many 11.You wouldnt mind stopping singing the song,would you?This means _.A.Please stop singing the song,will you?

27、B.You would mind stopping singing the song,wouldnt you?C.Please sing us a song,will you?D.Do you mind if you go on singing the song?12.Its time for harvest.The farmers are busy _ their farm work.They are busy _.A.with,ploughing and sowing B.in,to plough and sow C./,with ploughing and sowing D./,to p

28、lough and sow 13.The wise lady looked to the right and to the left,_ which road to take.A.made sure B.making sure C.to make sure D.having made sure 14.The girl _ to the concert yesterday is an excellent student in our department.A.with whom you went B.you went with her C.with who you went D.who you

29、went with 15.If all of you feel like _ cup of tea,do you feel like _ to the teahouse at the street corner.A.to have a,to go B.a,to go C.having,going D.a,going 16.We should plant more trees _ pollution is serious.A.in which B.where C.at which D.the place where 17.Though they are old,they _ an active

30、life.A.spend B.lead C.play D.keep 18.The student had made _ that he was praised by the teacher.A.such a great progress B.so great a progress C.such great progress D.such great progresses 19.The boss _ the workers to do extra work.A.hoped B.made C.kept D.forced 20.Getting off the bus.I found my hand

31、bag _.A.cut B.was disappeared C.losing D.being missed 答案：1.B 2.C 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.D 9.C 10.A 11.A 12.A 13.B 14.A 15.D 16.B 17.B 18.C 19.D 20.A 一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词先双写结尾的辅音字母再加如元音辅音重读闭音节法两个辅音间夹着一个元音以辅音字母加结尾的动词先把变成再加如不规则动词的过去式构成把动词原形中的改为变成过去式如词原形中的改为变成过去式如动词原形中的改为变成过去式如动词原形中的改为变成过去式如动词原形中的改为变成过去式如动词原形中的改为变成过去式如以和结尾的过去式如以结尾的情态动词过去式如把动词原形中的改为变成备欢迎下载动词的形式作表语定语和宾补阅览室一动词形式作表语表语是谓语的一部分它位于系动词如之后说明主语身份特征属性或状态表示主语的内容可以转换到句首作主语她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净表示主语具有的特征