高中英语阅读理解推理题及词义猜测题高考英语_外语学习-英语阅读.pdf

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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 高一英语专题培优 阅读理解解题技巧 第三节：阅读理解之推理判断题 分析解读：推理判断题考查学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，对作者的态度及文章细节的发展做出正确推理判断的能力。考生需尽量考虑文中的全部信息和事实，在理解通篇文章的基础上去领会作者的言外之意，并做出正确的推断，这是对文章深层次的把握，属于高层次的阅读理解。即根据阅读材料中所提供的已知信息，推断出未知部分。文章中没有明确的答案。要求考生从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法和观点。技巧点拨：1.常见提问方式：(1)It can be inferred/concluded from the passage

2、that _?(2)The writer suggests that_?(3)The author uses the example of to show that _?(4)Whats the authors attitude toward _?(5)From the story we can guess _?(6)What would happen if _?(7)Which of the following does the author agree with?(8)Whats the tone 语气 of the author?(9)The paragraph following th

3、e passage will most probably be _?(10)Where would this passage most probably appear?2.解答步骤：（1）定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。（2）字面理解：理解相关信息点的字面意义。（3）深层理解：结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。3.干扰项的特点：（1）只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出来的结论，把直接表达当做间接推理。（2）看似从原文推断出来的结论，然而实际上与原文不符，如因果倒置，手段变目的等。（3）根据考生已有的常识来看是正确的，但是却不是基于文章（4）推理过头，引

4、申过度。4.注意：有时作者并未把意图说出来，我们可根据字面意思，通过研究语篇的逻辑关系和细节的暗示，来推敲作者的态度，进行深层理解。学习必备 欢迎下载 典型例析：一 推断隐含意义：例：Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall?Did it sound like a clock?If so,it may have been made by a beetle.Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die.Thus the beetle

5、 is called the deathwatch beetle.Q：It can be inferred from the text that the sound of this beetle _.A.leased people B.surprised people.C.frightened people.D.excited people.练一练:One day a man walked a pet shop and said to the shop assistant,“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches(蟑螂)and tw

6、o spiders(蜘蛛).”“What do you need these things for?”the shop assistant was very surprised.“Well,”replied the man,“Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord(房东)insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”Q:The passage suggests that when the writer moved into

7、 the apartment,it was _.Avery clean B.just cleaned by the landlord C.tidy and comfortable D.dirty and full of insects(昆虫)技巧：这类题干中通常含有 infer,imply,suggest,conclude,indicate(暗示)等标志性词语。解题步骤：1,全面分析 2,忠实原文 3,不要选择表层信息 二 推断作者观点或态度：例：But in London,dinner parties are in people s homes.Not only that,the guest

8、s are an interesting mix.The last time I went to one,the guests were from France,India,Denmark and Nigeria;it was like a gathering at the United Nations.In New York the mix is less interesting.Its like a gathering at Bloomingdales,a well-known department store.Q：What does the author think of the par

9、ties in London?A.A bit unusual.B.Full of tricks.C.Less costly.D.More interesting 练一练:Why isn t your newspaper reporting any good news?All I read about is murder,bribery(行贿)，and death.Frankly,I m sick of all this bad news.Q:What s author s attitude towards the newspaper reporting?A.Complain B.Apologi

10、ze C.Admiring D.Support 技巧：注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。站在作者的立场或角度思考答案。表示态度的形容词：(1)positive 积极的 (9)reserved(2)negative 消极的 (10)indifferent 漠不关心的(3)optimistic 乐观的 (11)cautious 谨慎的(4)pessimistic 悲观的 (12)surprised 惊讶的(5)objective 客观的 (13)sympathize 同情的(6)subjective 主观的 (14)support 支持的(7)admiri

11、ng 羡慕的 (15)doubt 怀疑的 生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思对作者的态度及文章细节的发展做出正确推理判断的能力考生需尽量考虑文中的全部信息和事实在理解通篇文章的基础上去领会作者的言外之意并做出正确的推断这是对文章深层次的把握者的角度去考虑不要固守自己的看法和观点技巧点拨常见提问方式语气解答步骤定位信息通过寻读找到相关信息点字面理解理解相关信息点的字面意义深层理解结合语境和常识在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断从而理解作者的结论然而实际上与原文不符如因果倒置手段变目的等根据考生已有的常识来看是正确的但是却不是基于文章推理过头引申过度注意有时作者并未把意图说出来我们可根据字面

12、意思通过研究语篇的逻辑关系和细节的暗示来推敲作者学习必备 欢迎下载(8)critical 批评的 (16)approve 赞成的（17）ironic 讽刺的 （18）neutral 中立的 三 推断写作目的：例：“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave?Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?”asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group

13、at the University of Edinburgh.“There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,”he said.Q：The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to_.A.test the readers knowledge about waves B.draw the readers attention to the topic C.show Jamie Taylors importance D.invite the readers to answ

14、er them 练一练:A young man from a village called Nawalapitiya married a young woman from Maliyuwa,a nearby village.They lived with the man s big family his parents,his brothers,their young wives and children.The family kept an elephant,in which the young woman soon took a great interest.Every day she f

15、ed it with fruit and sugar.Three months later the woman went back to her parents home,having quarreled(吵架)with her husband.Soon the elephant refused(拒绝)to eat or work.It appeared to be ill and heart-broken.One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house.It went to the women s h

16、ome.On seeing her,the elephant waved its trunk and touched her with it.The young woman was so moved by the act of the animal that she returned to her husband s home.Q.The writer wrote the story in order to _.A.show that elephants are very clever 主观臆想 B.tell how a woman trained a wild animal C.show t

17、hat women care more for animal than men do D.tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife 技巧：这类题的题干中常有 purpose，或者后面接有目的的动词不定式，如：intend to,meant to,in order to等。我们可以根据文章的主旨和体裁来判断作者的目的和态度。与写作目的对应的文章如下：（1）to entertain readers(使读者愉悦、发笑)：常见于个人经历或故事类的文章。（2）to persuade readers(说服读者接受某种观点)：常见于广告或议论文。to in

18、form readers(告知读者某些信息)：多见于新闻报道类、科普类、文化类或社会类的文章，以及劝告性或建议性文章。（3）开头提出问题让读者关注主题。简介相关事物为了引出主题。列举具体事例说明文段的主题 温馨提示：设身处地站在作者的角度上想一想 四 推断文章出处：例：Dont wander aimlessly through life.Get confused on your goals,start helping others in 生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思对作者的态度及文章细节的发展做出正确推理判断的能力考生需尽量考虑文中的全部信息和事实在理解通篇文章的基础上去领会作者的言

19、外之意并做出正确的推断这是对文章深层次的把握者的角度去考虑不要固守自己的看法和观点技巧点拨常见提问方式语气解答步骤定位信息通过寻读找到相关信息点字面理解理解相关信息点的字面意义深层理解结合语境和常识在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断从而理解作者的结论然而实际上与原文不符如因果倒置手段变目的等根据考生已有的常识来看是正确的但是却不是基于文章推理过头引申过度注意有时作者并未把意图说出来我们可根据字面意思通过研究语篇的逻辑关系和细节的暗示来推敲作者学习必备 欢迎下载 need,and live life to the fullest!Life is too short to be anything

20、 but happy.Visit my blog and find what youve been missing.Sigh up for my newsletter and get seven free ebooks,too!Read hundreds of articles while youre there in the article section,which is updated daily.Q：This text must be taken from _.A.a radio program B.a website C.a newspaper D.a TV program 练一练:

21、WATCH CONTROL This is a watch that James Bond would be proud to wear!This is NOT a watch for ordinary people!Your electronic PENGO WATCH CONTROL acts as a remote control for TVs and videos.gives you a daily weather forecast.reminds you when to hand in your homework Besides,your PENGO WATCH CONTROL w

22、ill always tell you the time accurately!Originally sold for$199 NOW ONLY$99 For further information,click here.Q：where would you be most likely to find the two texts?A.on a magzine B.in a company guidebook C.on a teenage website D.in a college newspaper 技巧：1.看文章体裁和题材：advertisement,news,poster,magazi

23、ne,website,textbook,guidebook.2.通过文章内容，判断读者对象是谁。出现 click（点击），往往来自 website 五 推断下文内容：例：Another option is to set them up.With an account(账户)at a local bank that offers free use of a debit card(借记卡).Unlike credit card(信用卡),the debit card has no overdraft(透支)function Q:What is most likely to be discussed

24、 in the paragraph that follows?A.further imformation about the debit card B.the overdraft functions of a debit cards C.more disadvantages of credit card D.the kidss attitude towards a credit card 技巧：关注最后一段的内容，尤其是最后的两三句话。总结：如何排除干扰项：1.不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点，要严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行推理；2.推理的根据来自于上下文；3.如果某选项中的内容是阅读材料

25、的简单重复，那它一般不是推论，也就不是正确答案；生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思对作者的态度及文章细节的发展做出正确推理判断的能力考生需尽量考虑文中的全部信息和事实在理解通篇文章的基础上去领会作者的言外之意并做出正确的推断这是对文章深层次的把握者的角度去考虑不要固守自己的看法和观点技巧点拨常见提问方式语气解答步骤定位信息通过寻读找到相关信息点字面理解理解相关信息点的字面意义深层理解结合语境和常识在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断从而理解作者的结论然而实际上与原文不符如因果倒置手段变目的等根据考生已有的常识来看是正确的但是却不是基于文章推理过头引申过度注意有时作者并未把意图说出来我们可根

26、据字面意思通过研究语篇的逻辑关系和细节的暗示来推敲作者学习必备 欢迎下载 4.如果某选项所表达的内容与经验相吻合，文中却没有涉及，那它属于主观臆断的结论，也不是正确答案；5.如果某个选项表达的内容虽在文中提到，但很片面或很不完整，那也不是正确答案；6.文中的虚拟语气和情态动词（should,must,may）往往能流露出作者的弦外之音，这有助于我们确定正确答案；7.注意作者在文中的措辞，比如作者在形容词前用了 too，excessively，rather 则常带有否定的口气；8.某些过渡词（however,but,on the contrary,what s more）后面所表达的内容往往能反

27、映作者的观点和态度；第四节：阅读理解之猜测词义题 分析解读：在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。猜测词义题旨在考查学生根据上下文推测生词、短语或句子意思的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。是阅读理解的必考题型，题干中通常含有mean，refer to 或者be replaced by 等。技巧点拨：1.常见提问方式：(1)The word“”in the passage prob

28、ably means_?(2)The underlined word“”could best be replaced by_?(3)Which of the following is nearest/closest meaning to the underlined word?(4)The underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean_?2 解题步骤：（1）在文中找到线索或信息词（2）根据周围熟悉的词的逻辑关系（并列，转折，递进，对比，因果）来判断新单词的意思。（3）根据上下文（即语境）判断新词汇在特定句中的意思。典型例析：练一练：猜测下列划线词

29、的意思。（1）At the beginning they did not have enough capital to start a business,nor were they able to borrow the amount of money they needed from the bank.资金，nor 结构后的 money，bank F（2）He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.不英俊 D（3）But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time.Then there

30、 is a dry period,or drought.干旱 B 生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思对作者的态度及文章细节的发展做出正确推理判断的能力考生需尽量考虑文中的全部信息和事实在理解通篇文章的基础上去领会作者的言外之意并做出正确的推断这是对文章深层次的把握者的角度去考虑不要固守自己的看法和观点技巧点拨常见提问方式语气解答步骤定位信息通过寻读找到相关信息点字面理解理解相关信息点的字面意义深层理解结合语境和常识在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断从而理解作者的结论然而实际上与原文不符如因果倒置手段变目的等根据考生已有的常识来看是正确的但是却不是基于文章推理过头引申过度注意有时作者并未把

31、意图说出来我们可根据字面意思通过研究语篇的逻辑关系和细节的暗示来推敲作者学习必备 欢迎下载（4）She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.准时 E（5）You shouldn t have blamed him for that,because it wasn t his fault.责备 C（6）Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in war

32、m areas.一种水果，椰子 A 总结：A.根据并列同列关系：一般来说，并列的几个事物应属同类事物，由此可推测其中一个的大概意思。B.根据同位或解释关系：当作者不能肯定读者能够理解他的意思时，他会用另外一种方式陈述自己的观点。往往常见的词有：means,is,or,that is to say,in other words,to put it another way,which.C.根据因果关系：常见关联词有：because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,of course,therefore,so that.D.根据反义词关系：看转折关系的连词或副词，如

33、 but,while,however 等，或者看与 not搭配等表示否定意义的词语。E.根据转折或对比关系：由上下句之间的转折或对比关系来推测词义，常见词有：unlike,otherwise,in spite of,despite,though,insteadof,rather than,on the other hand,on the contrary。F.根据近义词关系：看由 and 或 or 连接的同义词词组，或者看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。练一练：1.It will be very hard but very brittle that is,it will break easi

34、ly.A.易碎的 B.沉重的 C.美观的 D.有用的 2.All his attempts to the unclock door was futile,because he was using the wrong key.A.成功的 B.徒劳的 C.有效的 D.匆促的 3.He had been getting better but during the night his condition deteriorated.A.变好 B.恶化 C.改变 D.上升 4.Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl.But her sister was quite

35、 sedate.A.pretty B.calm C.protective D.energetic 5.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits(展览)in one day.A.small B.large C.dull D.interesting 6.Children are always boasting.They say things like“My Dads car is bigger than your Dads.”“My Mom is smarter than yours.”

36、and“My family has more money than yours.”A.吵闹 B.吹牛 C.顽皮 D.幼稚 生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思对作者的态度及文章细节的发展做出正确推理判断的能力考生需尽量考虑文中的全部信息和事实在理解通篇文章的基础上去领会作者的言外之意并做出正确的推断这是对文章深层次的把握者的角度去考虑不要固守自己的看法和观点技巧点拨常见提问方式语气解答步骤定位信息通过寻读找到相关信息点字面理解理解相关信息点的字面意义深层理解结合语境和常识在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断从而理解作者的结论然而实际上与原文不符如因果倒置手段变目的等根据考生已有的常识来看是正

37、确的但是却不是基于文章推理过头引申过度注意有时作者并未把意图说出来我们可根据字面意思通过研究语篇的逻辑关系和细节的暗示来推敲作者学习必备 欢迎下载 实战演练：A For the first 19 months of her life Helen Keller was able to see and hear.But then a sickness(疾病)struck.She became completely blind and deaf.For the rest or her life she was never able to see or hear.And the sickness st

38、ruck when she was a baby before she learned to talk.Her world was totally dark and silent.For the first seven years of her life she was almost like a wild animal.Her mother and father could not control(控制)her.She screamed(尖声叫喊)and kicked and struggled and cried.Finally her parents sent for a teacher

39、.Her name was Ann Sullivan.She herself had once been blind.She quickly saw that first she had to teach Helen how to obey and how to control her anger.She spelt out words in Helens hand.Helen couldnt see or hear so she learned by touching and feeling.She learned to read books in Braille(盲字).Helen als

40、o learned foreign language:French,German,Latin and Greek.She learned to write and to speak.She could ride a horse,swim,row a boat,climb trees.She went to college and Ann Sullivan went with her.With Miss Sullivans help,Helen Keller finished college with high honor.She became a teacher,writer and lect

41、urer.Her life is an inspiration(激励),not just to the blind and the deaf but to people everywhere.1.Helen Keller was able to see and hear only for _months.A.nine B.ninety C.nineteen D.ninth 2.For the first seven years of her life,Helen was almost like“a wild animal”this sentence means_ A.she was a ver

42、y naughty girl B.she lived with animals for a long time C.she was never able to see or hear,so she was very bored and angry D.she liked animals very much 3.Ann Sullivan was Helen s _ A.mother B.teacher C.sister D.classmate 4.Helen learned by_ A.touching and feeling B.listening and speaking C.smellin

43、g and feeling D.reading books 5.The last sentence tells us _ A.We d better learn by touching and feeling B.Helen is a hero only for the blind and deaf C.Everyone could learn a lot from Helen Keller D Helen Keller had a terrible life.Keys are:C C B A C B Americans have used colours to make many expre

44、ssions they use every day.We say you re“in the pink”when we are in good health.It is easy to understand how this expression was born.When my face has a nice fresh,pink colour,it is a sign my health is good.The colour green is natural for trees,it is an unnatural colour for humans.When someone doesn

45、t feel well.someone who is seasock,for example.we say he looks green.When someone is angry because he doesn t have what someone else has,we say he is“green with envy(妒忌)”.Some people are“green with envy”because someone else has more dollars,or“green backs”.Dollars are called greenback because that s

46、 the colour of the back side of the money.Blue is a cooler colour.The traditional blue music of American blacks is the opposite of red hot music.It is slow,sad and soulful.To be blue,of course,is to be sad.The colour black is often used in expressions.People describe a day in which everything goes w

47、rong as a“black day”.A“black sheep”is the member of a family or group who always seems to be in trouble.If someone meets a“black cat”,something unlucky might happen to him.Not all the“black”expressions had bad meanings.A business“in the black”,for example,is making money.A company“in the red”is losi

48、ng money.If someone tells you to put something“in black and white”,they want you to write it down.生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思对作者的态度及文章细节的发展做出正确推理判断的能力考生需尽量考虑文中的全部信息和事实在理解通篇文章的基础上去领会作者的言外之意并做出正确的推断这是对文章深层次的把握者的角度去考虑不要固守自己的看法和观点技巧点拨常见提问方式语气解答步骤定位信息通过寻读找到相关信息点字面理解理解相关信息点的字面意义深层理解结合语境和常识在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断从而理解作者

49、的结论然而实际上与原文不符如因果倒置手段变目的等根据考生已有的常识来看是正确的但是却不是基于文章推理过头引申过度注意有时作者并未把意图说出来我们可根据字面意思通过研究语篇的逻辑关系和细节的暗示来推敲作者学习必备 欢迎下载 1.After reading the passage,we can infer if someone“looks gray”,he _ A.looks well B.may need to see doctor C.is healthy D.is happy 2.American dollars have_ back side.A.pink B.green C.blue D

50、.red 3.Which word describes the blue music?A.Fast B.Sad C.Hot D.Cheerful 4.My brother is a _,everyone doesn t like him.A.a black horse B.a black cat C.a black dog D.a black sheep 5.Which of the following is True?A.A company surely likes to be“in the red.”B.A business“in the black”,is making money C.